Saga Prefecture

Saga Castle (Shachi gate)

Yūtoku Inari Shrine

Saga International Balloon Fiesta

Nijinomatsubara

From the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, it is thought that over 100 feudal clans existed. Also exerting great influence during this time was a samurai clan operating along the Genkai Sea called the Matsuratō. Upon entering the Sengoku period, the Ryūzōji clan expanded their control to include all of Hizen and Chikugo Provinces, and part of Higo and Chikuzen Provinces. After the death of daimyō Takanobu Ryūzōji, Naoshige Nabeshima took control of the political situation, and by 1607 all of the Ryūzōji clan's domain was under the control of the Nabeshima clan.

In the Edo period this area was called the Saga Domain (佐賀藩 Saga-han), and it included three sub-domains: the Hasunoike, Ogi and Kashima Domains. Also within the current borders of Saga Prefecture during this time were the Karatsu Domain (唐津藩 Karatsu-han) and two territories of the Tsushima-Fuchū Domain (対馬府中藩 Tsushimafuchū-han). Saga Domain and its sub-domains continued to be ruled by the Nabeshima clan, its various illegitimate family lineages and members of the former Ryūzōji clan, and politically the area was relatively stable. However, the cost of defending Nagasaki was increasing and, difficult from the start, the financial situation was worsened by the great Kyōhō famine and the Siebold Typhoon of 1828. Nevertheless, due to the large area of reclaimed land from the Ariake Sea arable land was able to increase significantly and by the 1840s the annual koku of Saga Domain increased to about 670,000, twice that of 200 years before.

Around the middle of the 19th century, Naomasa Nabeshima strove to set right the domain's financial affairs, reduce the number of government officials, and encourage local industry such as Arita porcelain, green tea, and coal. Also, thanks to the proximity of the international port of Nagasaki, new technologies were introduced from overseas, such as the reverberatory furnace and models of steam locomotives.

After the Boshin War, many people from Saga Domain assisted in the Meiji Restoration. In the Meiji era the modernization of coal mines in Kishima and Higashimatsuura districts, among others, progressed bolstered by the construction of railroads.

Eto Shimpei in Saga. Woodblock print from Tokyo Nichinichi Shimbun, 1874.

• 6th century BC (end of the Jōmon period): Estimated date of the Nabatake ruins in Karatsu
• 1st century BC (middle of the Yayoi period): Villages flourished at what is now the Yoshinogari site
• 665: After losing the Battle of Baekgang, Kii Castle (in present-day Kiyama) amassed its defenses to protect Dazaifu.
• 733: Hizen Fudoki created.
• 1274: Battle of Bun'ei, the first invasion in the Mongol invasions of Japan
• 1281: Battle of Kōan, the second invasion in the Mongol invasions of Japan
• 1591: Construction of Nagoya Castle. After the Japanese invasions of Korea the castle fell in 1598.
• 1602: Construction of Karatsu Castle and Saga Castle.
• 1607: Control of Saga Domain moved from the Ryūzōji clan to the Nabeshima clan.
• 1771: Nijinomatsubara Uprising
• 1781: Establishment of Kōdōkan, the Saga Han school.
• 1828: Heavy damage from the Siebold Typhoon, deaths estimated at over 10,000.
• 1871, July 14: Abolition of the han system. All of the han became prefectures.
• 1871, November 14: The prefectures of Saga, Hasuike, Ogi, Kashima, Karatsu and part of Tsushima merged to form one prefecture, Imari Prefecture.
• 1872, May 29: Imari Prefecture renamed Saga Prefecture.
• 1874, February: Saga Rebellion.[4]
• 1876, April 18: Incorporation of Mizuma Prefecture.
• 1883: Separation from Nagasaki Prefecture.
• 1889, April 1: The city of Saga is founded.
• 1891: The Kyushu Railroad Nagasaki Line opens, beginning with a section from Tosu to Saga.
• 1895: Opening of railroad from Saga to Takeo.
• 1897: Opening of railroad from Takeo to Haiki.
• 1903: Opening of railroad from Saga to Nishi-Karatsu.
• 1932, January 1: The city of Karatsu is founded.
• 1935: The Japanese National Railways Saga Line opens.
• 1954: During the Great Showa Merger the cities of Tosu, Imari, Takeo, Kashima and Taku are formed. At this point there are 7 cities, 8 districts, 18 towns and 35 villages in Saga Prefecture.
• 1972: With the closing of the Nishiki coal mine, all coal mines in Saga are closed.
• 1975: The Genkai Nuclear Power Plant begins operation.
• 1987: The Japanese National Railways Saga Line closes.
• 1992: The Yoshinogari History Park opens to the public.
• 1998: The Saga Airport opens in Kawasoe, in what is now the city of Saga.
• 2005: As a part of the Great Heisei Merger various municipalities are reorganized.
  • January 1: Karatsu and Shiroishi.
  • March 1: Ogi and Miyaki.
  • October 1: Saga.
• 2006: The Great Heisei Merger continues.
  • January 1: Karatsu and Ureshino.
  • March 1: Takeo, Yoshinogari, and Arita.
  • March 20: Kanzaki.
• 2007, October 1: The towns of Higashiyoka, Kawasoe and Kubota merge with the city of Saga.
• 2011, March 12: The Kyushu Shinkansen opens.

• Saga Plains

• Sefuri Mountains, Tara Mountains
• Mount Kyōga (1,076 m, the highest point in Saga), Mount Sefuri (1,056 m), Tenzan (1,046 m), Taradake (996 m ), Mount Ihara (962 m), Kinzan (957 m), Raizan (955 m), Mount Hagane (900 m)

• Chikugo River (15.5 km in Saga), Kase River (57.5 km), Matsuura River (45.3 km), Rokkaku River (43.6 km)
• Hokuzan Dam, Kase River Dam

• East China Sea: Ariake Sea, Isahaya Bay
• Sea of Japan: Genkai Sea, Karatsu Bay, Imari Bay,

• Higashimatsuura Peninsula, part of Kitamatsuura Peninsula

• Genkai Sea: Takashima, Kashiwajima, Ogawajima, Kakarajima, Matsushima, Madarajima, Kabeshima, Mukushima, Iroha Islands[5]
• Ariake Sea: Okinoshima

• Niji-no-Matsubara[5]

• Nanatsugama Caves[5]

Total area: 2439.31 km²

• Forest, rough lands: 49.2% – 1/3 of the national average.
  • Forested area: 1096.9 km² – From 2000, 42nd in the country.
• Arable land: 39.1% – 2 times the national average.
• Residential: 6.8% – 1.4 times the national average.
• Other: 4.9% – Roughly the same as the national average.

As of March 31, 2008, 11% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Genkai Quasi-National Park and Hachimandake, Kawakami-Kinryū, Kurokamiyama, Sefuri-Kitayama, Taradake, and Tenzan Prefectural Natural Parks.[6]

Saga Prefecture has a mild climate with an average temperate of about 16 °C (61 °F).

Ten cities are located in Saga Prefecture:

These are the towns in each district:

• Saga
  • Saga, Taku, Ogi, Kanzaki
• Karatsu-Higashimatsuura
  • Karatsu, Genkai
• Tosu
  • Tosu, Kamimine, Kiyama, Yoshinogari, Miyaki
• Kitō
  • Takeo, Kashima, Ureshino, Shiroishi, Ōmachi, Kōhoku, Tara

• Saga University
• Nishikyushu University
• Nishikyushu University Junior College (former Saga Junior College)
• Saga Women's Junior College
• Kyushu Ryukoku Junior College
• Saga Prefectural Agricultural College

• Saga Airport

Major stations in the prefecture include Saga Station, Tosu Station, Karatsu Station and Imari Station. The new Kyushu Shinkansen line stop at the Shin-Tosu Station.

• JR Kyushu
  • Chikuhi Line
  • Kagoshima Main Line
  • Karatsu Line
  • Kyūshū Shinkansen
  • Nagasaki Main Line
  • Sasebo Line
• Matsuura Railway
  • Nishi-Kyūshū Line
• Amagi Railway
  • Amagi Line

• Tollways
  • Nagasaki Expressway, Kyūshū Expressway, Nishikyūshū Expressway
  • Nijō-Hamatama Road, Kyūragi-Taku Road, Mitsuse Tunnel
• National highways
  • Route 34, Route 35
  • Route 202, Route 203, Route 204, Route 207, Route 263, Route 264, Route 323, Route 385, Route 444, Route 498

The Saga International Balloon Fiesta is held at the beginning of November every year just outside Saga City along the Kase River. This is a popular event and attracts competitors from all over the world.

The Karatsu Kunchi is held at the beginning of November in Karatsu City. This is Saga's largest festival and attracts around 500,000 visitors every year.

The Kashima Gatalympics are held every May–June in the city of Kashima. This event involves playing a variety of sports in the mudflats of the Ariake Sea. The Gatalympics are not held if the weather is raining.

The Imari Ton-Ten-Ton Festival is held for 3 days every year near the end of October. Located in Imari City, the festival is one of the three great fighting festivals in Japan. In the festival a crashing battle takes place between the two huge portable shrines, the Ara-mikoshi and the Danjiri. The name "Ton-Ten-Ton" represents the sound of drums used in the festival.

Teams listed below are based in Saga Prefecture.

Football (soccer)

• Sagan Tosu (Tosu)

Volleyball

• Hisamitsu Springs (Tosu)

"The Seven Wise Men of Saga" is the name given to these seven men from Saga, each of whom have made a significant contribution to the modernisation of Japan. Their contributions began in the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and continued into the Meiji Restoration. Even today, this era shines impressively in Saga's history.

• Lord Naomasa Nabeshima, feudal lord of the Nabeshima clan, helped to bring about the development of Saga through introducing European technology and culture.
• Sano Tsunetami founded the Japanese Red Cross.
• Shima Yoshitake contributed to the exploration of Hokkaidō.
• Soejima Taneomi served the roles of Diet member, Foreign Minister, Minister of Domestic Affairs and was well known for his Chinese Poetry and talented writing skills.
• Ōki Takatō was Minister of Civil Affairs, Education and Legal Affairs, held the position of a Diet member and made considerable contributions to the establishment of the modern education system in Japan.
• Etō Shimpei, also once a Minister of Legal Affairs, became a Diet member and created the foundation for Japan's judicial system.
• Ōkuma Shigenobu served two terms as Prime Minister of Japan. He also established Waseda University.