Arhansus

Arhansus (Basque: Arhantsusi) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Arhansus

Arhantsusi
Commune
Arhansus sign
Location of Arhansus
Arhansus
Arhansus
Coordinates: 43°15′30″N 1°02′04″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementBayonne
CantonPays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre
IntercommunalityCA Pays Basque
Government
 • Mayor (2014-2020) Christine Erdozaincy-Etchart
Area
1
5.32 km2 (2.05 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
74
 • Density14/km2 (36/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64045 /64120
Elevation60–370 m (200–1,210 ft)
(avg. 291 m or 955 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arhantsusiar[2][3] or Arhantsusitar.[3]

Geography
The Bidouze at Arhansus

Arhansus is located in the former basque province of Lower Navarre some 10 km south of Saint-Palais and 8 km north-east of Larceveau-Arros-Cibits. Access to the commune is solely by country roads with at least two country roads connecting the village to the D933 road from Larceveau-Arros-Cibrits to Uhart-Mixe which passes outside and parallel to the western border of the commune. The commune consists almost entirely of farmland with a few small patches of forest.[4]

The Bidouze river forms the western border of the commune flowing north with two small streams rising in the commune and joining it. One stream is the northern border of the commune.[4]

Places and Hamlets
  • Aguerrengoyhenko Borda (ruins)
  • Bidartia
  • Bordaberria
  • Carricondoa
  • Castellu Cahara[5] or Gastelusare[6]
  • Charcoa
  • Cuçuluteguia
  • Elgartia
  • Etchessaria
  • Eyhera
  • Eyheraberria
  • Goyhenetchea
  • Haramberria
  • Harispouria
  • Hirrundoya
  • Inchaurrague
  • Ithurbidia
  • Larrondoa
  • Lastapia
  • Mendionda
  • Olieta
  • Portasanse[7]
  • Solaquia
  • Uligainia

[8]

Toponymy

The commune's name in basque is Arhantsusi[3] (or Arhantsuse[9]). The name is based on the basque radical Arhan-, Arran- from where Arhantz is derived[10] but the etymology "where blackthorn abounds"[11] is uncertain.[10]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

NameSpellingDateSourcePageOriginDescription
ArhansusSanctus stephanus de aranchiis1160Orpustan
93
Village
Aranchus1160Orpustan
93
Arhanssus1291Orpustan
93
Eransus1305Orpustan
93
Aransus1305Orpustan
93
Arhansus1365Orpustan
93
Arhansus1413Orpustan
93
Aransus1513Raymond
10
Pamplona
Aransusi1621Orpustan
93
L'EldurneL'Eldurne1863Raymond
58
Stream, tributary of the Bidouze crossing Arhansus
EtchepareEtchepare1863Raymond
63
Fief, under the Kingdom of Navarre
EtcheverryEtcheverry1863Raymond
63
Fief, under the Kingdom of Navarre
Gaztelu ZaharGastellusahar1750CassiniMountain between Arhansus and Juxue
Gastelluçar1863Raymond
68

Sources:

Origins:

History

Heraldry
Arms of the Arhansus family
 Blazon of the Arhansus Family of Lower Navarre

Blazon:
Gules, 15 billets Or at orle.

Arms of the Etchepare (Arhansus) family
 Blazon of the Etchepare (Arhansus) Family - former fief of the Kingdom of Navarre

Blazon:
Party per fesse, 1 Or, 2 Gules with a crescent inverted Argent.

Administration
Arhansus Town Hall
The fronton

List of Successive Mayors[14]

FromToNamePartyPosition
20012014Marc Arrachou
20142020Christine Erdozaincy-Etchart

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

Arhansus is part of seven inter-communal structures:

  • the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque;
  • the AEP association of Ostabaret;
  • the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
  • the inter-communal association for the single purpose of Oztibarre Garbi;
  • the inter-communal association for the development and management of the slaughterhouse at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port;
  • the association for the operation of schools in Ostibarret;
  • the association to support Basque culture.

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 74 inhabitants.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 193—    
1800 159−2.73%
1806 190+3.01%
1821 171−0.70%
1831 187+0.90%
1836 213+2.64%
1841 192−2.05%
1846 181−1.17%
1851 177−0.45%
1856 163−1.63%
1861 137−3.42%
1866 150+1.83%
1872 125−2.99%
1876 146+3.96%
1881 136−1.41%
1886 120−2.47%
1891 99−3.77%
1896 115+3.04%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 122+1.19%
1906 117−0.83%
1911 125+1.33%
1921 121−0.32%
1926 115−1.01%
1931 114−0.17%
1936 124+1.70%
1946 131+0.55%
1954 116−1.51%
1962 109−0.78%
1968 95−2.27%
1975 102+1.02%
1982 97−0.72%
1990 98+0.13%
1999 81−2.09%
2007 72−1.46%
2012 71−0.28%
2017 74+0.83%
Source: EHESS[15] and INSEE[16]

Economy

Economic activity is mainly agricultural. the commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage
An old farm

Civil Heritage

Several sites in Arhansus are registered as historical monuments:

Religious Heritage
The Church of Saint-Étienne

The Parish Church of Saint-Étienne (15th century) is registered as an historical monument.[18]

The Church
  • Stained Glass
  • Relief

Hilarri in Arhansus

See also

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  3. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language
  4. Google Maps
  5. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084316 Protohistoric Camp at Castellu Cahara (in French)
  6. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
  7. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084414 Protohistoric Camp at Portasanse (in French)
  8. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  9. Pierre Lhande, Dictionary Basque-French, 1926 (in French)
  10. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, p. 93 ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
  11. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000791 Presentation of the commune of Arhansus (in French)
  12. Cassini Map 1750 – Arhansus
  13. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in Spanish)
  14. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  15. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Arhansus, EHESS. (in French)
  16. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  17. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000820 Houses and Farms (in French)
  18. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000767 Parish Church of Saint-Étienne (in French)
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