Granada (Parliament of Andalusia constituency)
Granada is one of the eight constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Parliament of Andalusia, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. The constituency currently elects 13 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Granada. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.
Granada | |
---|---|
Parliament of Andalusia Electoral Constituency | |
Location of Granada within Andalusia | |
Province | Granada |
Autonomous community | Andalusia |
Population | 914,678 (2019)[1] |
Electorate | 750,132 (2018) |
Major settlements | Granada, Motril |
Current constituency | |
Created | 1982 |
Seats | 13 |
Member(s) |
Electoral system
The constituency was created as per the Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia of 1981 and was first contested in the 1982 regional election. The Statute provided for the eight provinces in Andalusia—Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville—to be established as multi-member districts in the Parliament of Andalusia, with this regulation being maintained under the 1986 regional electoral law. Each constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of eight seats, with the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other). The exception was the 1982 election, when each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 11 for Almería, 15 for Cádiz, 13 for Córdoba, 13 for Granada, 11 for Huelva, 13 for Jaén, 15 for Málaga and 18 for Seville.[2][3][4]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Andalusians abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[5] Seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution.[2][3][4] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[6]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[4][7][8]
Deputies
Deputies 1982–present | |||||||
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Parliament | Election | Distribution | |||||
1st | 1982 |
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2nd | 1986 |
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3rd | 1990 |
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4th | 1994 |
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5th | 1996 |
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6th | 2000 |
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7th | 2004 |
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8th | 2008 |
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9th | 2012 |
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10th | 2015 |
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11th | 2018 |
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Elections
2018 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 111,380 | 26.92 | –7.67 | 4 | –1 | |
People's Party (PP) | 95,379 | 23.05 | –6.95 | 3 | –1 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) | 76,176 | 18.41 | +8.82 | 3 | +2 | |
Forward Andalusia–We Can–United Left–Spring–Andalusian Left (AA)1 | 62,447 | 15.09 | –4.95 | 2 | –1 | |
Vox (Vox) | 47,064 | 11.37 | +10.96 | 1 | +1 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 7,375 | 1.78 | +1.15 | 0 | ±0 | |
Equo Greens–Andalusia Initiative (Equo–Iniciativa) | 1,763 | 0.43 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusia by Herself (AxSí)2 | 1,553 | 0.38 | –0.83 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Convergence (CAnda) | 1,189 | 0.29 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Zero Cuts–For a Fairer World–Green Group (Recortes Cero–M+J–GV)3 | 950 | 0.23 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 845 | 0.20 | +0.10 | 0 | ±0 | |
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 748 | 0.18 | –1.66 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Nation (NA) | 541 | 0.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
United and Socialists+ for Democracy (Unidos SI–DEF) | 326 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) | 280 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 5,763 | 1.39 | +0.23 | |||
Total | 413,779 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 413,779 | 96.73 | –2.29 | |||
Invalid votes | 13,976 | 3.27 | +2.29 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 427,755 | 57.02 | –4.37 | |||
Abstentions | 322,377 | 42.98 | +4.37 | |||
Registered voters | 750,132 | |||||
Sources[9][10] | ||||||
2015 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 157,229 | 34.59 | –4.92 | 5 | –1 | |
People's Party (PP) | 136,383 | 30.00 | –13.46 | 4 | –2 | |
We Can (Podemos) | 63,350 | 13.94 | New | 2 | +2 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 43,491 | 9.57 | New | 1 | +1 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 27,709 | 6.10 | –3.87 | 1 | ±0 | |
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 8,377 | 1.84 | –1.60 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Party (PA) | 5,486 | 1.21 | +0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 2,880 | 0.63 | +0.45 | 0 | ±0 | |
Vox (Vox) | 1,876 | 0.41 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 598 | 0.13 | +0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 552 | 0.12 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
People's Welfare Party (PBG) | 498 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) | 445 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 440 | 0.10 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 5,251 | 1.16 | +0.35 | |||
Total | 454,565 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 454,565 | 99.02 | –0.39 | |||
Invalid votes | 4,478 | 0.98 | +0.39 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 459,043 | 61.39 | +1.05 | |||
Abstentions | 288,734 | 38.61 | –1.05 | |||
Registered voters | 747,777 | |||||
Sources[11][12][13][14] |
2012 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
People's Party (PP) | 198,768 | 43.46 | +1.48 | 6 | ±0 | |
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 180,690 | 39.51 | –6.59 | 6 | ±0 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 45,591 | 9.97 | +2.69 | 1 | ±0 | |
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 15,718 | 3.44 | +2.75 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Party (PA)1 | 5,208 | 1.14 | –0.44 | 0 | ±0 | |
Equo (Equo) | 2,203 | 0.48 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 846 | 0.18 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Convergence (CAnda) | 762 | 0.17 | –0.10 | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party for Eastern Andalusia (PRAO) | 666 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank Seats (EB) | 627 | 0.14 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 542 | 0.12 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Hartos.org (Hartos.org) | 501 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
We Won't Pay this Crisis (ECNP) | 341 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 333 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 312 | 0.07 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) | 230 | 0.05 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 127 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Liberal Democratic Centre (CDL) | 104 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Alternative (AES) | 103 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 3,691 | 0.81 | –0.15 | |||
Total | 457,363 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 457,363 | 99.41 | +0.07 | |||
Invalid votes | 2,716 | 0.59 | –0.07 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 460,079 | 62.44 | –11.72 | |||
Abstentions | 276,795 | 37.56 | +11.72 | |||
Registered voters | 736,874 | |||||
Sources[15][16] | ||||||
2008 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 243,685 | 46.10 | –2.89 | 6 | –1 | |
People's Party (PP) | 221,885 | 41.98 | +6.56 | 6 | +1 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 38,497 | 7.28 | +0.19 | 1 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Coalition (CA)1 | 8,350 | 1.58 | –5.10 | 0 | ±0 | |
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 3,639 | 0.69 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
The Greens (LV) | 3,502 | 0.66 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Convergence (CAnda) | 1,439 | 0.27 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 657 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 502 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Republican Left (IR) | 354 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 353 | 0.07 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 352 | 0.07 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) | 296 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 5,068 | 0.96 | –0.39 | |||
Total | 528,579 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 528,579 | 99.34 | +0.01 | |||
Invalid votes | 3,509 | 0.66 | –0.01 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 532,088 | 74.16 | –1.45 | |||
Abstentions | 185,391 | 25.84 | +1.45 | |||
Registered voters | 717,479 | |||||
Sources[17][18] | ||||||
2004 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 255,465 | 48.99 | +4.29 | 7 | +1 | |
People's Party (PP) | 184,691 | 35.42 | –5.44 | 5 | –1 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 36,949 | 7.09 | –0.28 | 1 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Party (PA) | 22,541 | 4.32 | –0.87 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Forum (FA) | 7,785 | 1.49 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA) | 4,560 | 0.87 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Party of Precarious Workers (PTPRE) | 860 | 0.16 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 696 | 0.13 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusia Assembly (A) | 503 | 0.10 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 384 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 7,035 | 1.39 | +0.18 | |||
Total | 521,469 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 521,469 | 99.33 | +0.06 | |||
Invalid votes | 3,541 | 0.67 | –0.06 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 525,010 | 75.61 | +6.09 | |||
Abstentions | 169,323 | 24.39 | –6.09 | |||
Registered voters | 694,333 | |||||
Sources[19][20] |
2000 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 214,416 | 44.70 | –0.16 | 6 | –1 | |
People's Party (PP) | 195,989 | 40.86 | +3.34 | 6 | +1 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 35,335 | 7.37 | –5.07 | 1 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Party (PA) | 24,900 | 5.19 | +1.32 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Left (IA) | 1,309 | 0.27 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Nation (NA) | 603 | 0.13 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 534 | 0.11 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusia Assembly (A) | 495 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Party of the Separated and Divorced (PSD) | 486 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 5,631 | 1.17 | +0.46 | |||
Total | 479,698 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 479,698 | 99.27 | –0.17 | |||
Invalid votes | 3,520 | 0.73 | +0.17 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 483,218 | 69.52 | –9.13 | |||
Abstentions | 211,812 | 30.48 | +9.13 | |||
Registered voters | 695,030 | |||||
Sources[21][22] |
1996 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 228,887 | 44.86 | +6.56 | 7 | +2 | |
People's Party (PP) | 191,450 | 37.52 | –1.13 | 5 | –1 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 63,453 | 12.44 | –4.39 | 1 | –1 | |
Andalusian Party (PA)1 | 19,728 | 3.87 | –0.55 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 976 | 0.19 | –0.11 | 0 | ±0 | |
Centrist Union (UC) | 630 | 0.12 | –0.23 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Nation (NA) | 559 | 0.11 | –0.08 | 0 | ±0 | |
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 541 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 396 | 0.08 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 3,625 | 0.71 | –0.04 | |||
Total | 510,245 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 510,245 | 99.44 | +0.06 | |||
Invalid votes | 2,880 | 0.56 | –0.06 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 513,125 | 78.65 | +9.90 | |||
Abstentions | 139,264 | 21.35 | –9.90 | |||
Registered voters | 652,389 | |||||
Sources[23][24] | ||||||
1994 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
People's Party (PP) | 167,528 | 38.65 | +10.74 | 6 | +2 | |
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 166,026 | 38.30 | –10.60 | 5 | –2 | |
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) | 72,958 | 16.83 | +5.07 | 2 | +1 | |
Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)1 | 19,144 | 4.42 | –1.75 | 0 | –1 | |
Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) | 1,534 | 0.35 | –0.94 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 1,285 | 0.30 | +0.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Nation (NA)2 | 814 | 0.19 | +0.14 | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 485 | 0.11 | +0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 442 | 0.10 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 3,243 | 0.75 | +0.37 | |||
Total | 433,459 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 433,459 | 99.38 | –0.24 | |||
Invalid votes | 2,714 | 0.62 | +0.24 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 436,173 | 68.75 | +12.04 | |||
Abstentions | 198,289 | 31.25 | –12.04 | |||
Registered voters | 634,462 | |||||
Sources[25][26] | ||||||
1990 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 165,624 | 48.90 | +3.88 | 7 | ±0 | |
People's Party (PP)1 | 94,545 | 27.91 | +0.93 | 4 | ±0 | |
United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA) | 39,836 | 11.76 | –2.76 | 1 | –1 | |
Andalusian Party (PA) | 20,895 | 6.17 | +3.47 | 1 | +1 | |
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 4,382 | 1.29 | –2.84 | 0 | ±0 | |
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 | 3,589 | 1.06 | –1.82 | 0 | ±0 | |
Greens of Andalusia (VA) | 2,077 | 0.61 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) | 1,936 | 0.57 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM) | 1,262 | 0.37 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Socialist Democracy (DS) | 1,133 | 0.33 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 723 | 0.21 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 523 | 0.15 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 374 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Front of Liberation (FAL) | 185 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) | 181 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 154 | 0.05 | –0.15 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 1,281 | 0.38 | +0.01 | |||
Total | 338,700 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 338,700 | 99.62 | +0.87 | |||
Invalid votes | 1,309 | 0.38 | –0.87 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 340,009 | 56.71 | –12.53 | |||
Abstentions | 259,559 | 43.29 | +12.53 | |||
Registered voters | 599,568 | |||||
Sources[27][28] | ||||||
1986 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 179,533 | 45.02 | –7.35 | 7 | –1 | |
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 | 107,612 | 26.98 | +9.90 | 4 | +2 | |
United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA)2 | 57,895 | 14.52 | +5.59 | 2 | +1 | |
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 16,480 | 4.13 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) | 11,503 | 2.88 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Party (PA) | 10,785 | 2.70 | –0.15 | 0 | ±0 | |
Socialist Party of the Andalusian People (PSPA) | 9,005 | 2.26 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) | 2,265 | 0.57 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) | 809 | 0.20 | +0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 790 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Liberation (LA) | 683 | 0.17 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | n/a | n/a | –14.76 | 0 | –2 | |
Blank ballots | 1,464 | 0.37 | +0.06 | |||
Total | 398,824 | 13 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 398,824 | 98.80 | –0.46 | |||
Invalid votes | 4,839 | 1.20 | +0.46 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 403,663 | 69.24 | +2.03 | |||
Abstentions | 179,304 | 30.76 | –2.03 | |||
Registered voters | 582,967 | |||||
Sources[29][30] | ||||||
1982 regional election
Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 183,559 | 52.37 | n/a | 8 | n/a | |
People's Alliance (AP) | 59,863 | 17.08 | n/a | 2 | n/a | |
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | 51,749 | 14.76 | n/a | 2 | n/a | |
Communist Party of Andalusia (PCA–PCE) | 31,295 | 8.93 | n/a | 1 | n/a | |
Socialist Party of Andalusia–Andalusian Party (PSA–PA) | 9,986 | 2.85 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
New Force (FN) | 6,916 | 1.97 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
Granadin Candidacy of Workers (CGT) | 2,428 | 0.69 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 1,339 | 0.38 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 1,091 | 0.31 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
Communist Movement of Andalusia (MCA) | 707 | 0.20 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) | 480 | 0.14 | n/a | 0 | n/a | |
Blank ballots | 1,085 | 0.31 | n/a | |||
Total | 350,498 | 13 | n/a | |||
Valid votes | 350,498 | 99.26 | n/a | |||
Invalid votes | 2,616 | 0.74 | n/a | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 353,114 | 67.21 | n/a | |||
Abstentions | 172,271 | 32.79 | n/a | |||
Registered voters | 525,385 | |||||
Sources[31][32] |
References
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- "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 22 March 2015. Error correction (II)" (PDF). juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Andalusia. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
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