Biscay (Basque Parliament constituency)

Biscay (Basque: Bizkaia, Spanish: Vizcaya) is one of the three constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Basque Parliament, the regional legislature of the Basque Autonomous Community. The constituency currently elects 25 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Biscay. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Biscay
Basque Parliament
Electoral Constituency
Location of Biscay within the Basque Country
ProvinceBiscay
Autonomous communityBasque Country
Population1,152,651 (2019)[1]
Electorate950,563 (2020)[2]
Major settlementsBilbao, Barakaldo, Getxo
Current constituency
Created1980
Seats20 (1980–1984)
25 (1984–present)
Member(s)
  •   PNV (12)
  •   EH Bildu (7)
  •   PSE–EE (3)
  •   Podemos (1)
  •   EzAn–IU (1)
  •   PP (1)

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Statute of Autonomy for the Basque Country of 1979 and was first contested in the 1980 regional election. The Statute provided for the three provinces in the Basque CountryÁlava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa—to be established as multi-member districts in the Basque Parliament, with this regulation being maintained under the 1983 and 1990 regional electoral laws. Each constituency is allocated a fixed number of 25 seats each, to provide for an equal representation of the three provinces in Parliament as required under the regional Statute. The exception was the 1980 election, when this number was 60.[3][4][5]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Basques abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[6] Seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which, until 1983 and from 1990 includes blank ballots; also and until a 2000 reform, the threshold was set at five percent—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution.[3][4][5] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[7]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1983; and only the signature of 500 electors from 1983 to 1990—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[4][5][8][9]

Deputies

Deputies 1980–present
Parliament Election Distribution
1st 1980
4 1 1 3 9 1 1
2nd 1984
3 2 6 12 2
3rd 1986
4 3 6 3 8 1
4th 1990
4 2 5 2 10 2
5th 1994
3 2 4 2 10 4
6th 1998
4 1 5 1 9 5
7th 2001
2 1 4 12 6
8th 2005
2 1 6 11 5
9th 2009
1 8 12 4
10th 2012
6 5 11 3
11th 2016
5 4 3 11 2
12th 2020
6 2 3 12 2

Elections

2020 regional election

Summary of the 12 July 2020 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 200,33942.16+0.35 12+1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 112,61923.70+6.24 6+1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 64,00113.47+1.82 3±0
United We Can–United Left (Podemos/Ahal Dugu, Ezker Anitza–IU) 40,4538.51–6.24 2–2
People's Party+Citizens (PP+Cs)1 32,2486.79–4.79 2±0
Vox (Vox) 8,8151.86New 0±0
Equo Greens–Basque Country Greens (Equo Berdeak–Verdes) 5,5331.16New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA/ATTKAA) 2,7970.59–0.21 0±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,0790.23+0.07 0±0
Zero CutsThe Greens–Municipalists (Recortes Cero–LV–M) 6760.14–0.08 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 6130.13New 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 5490.12New 0±0
Free for the Basque Country (LxE/EaL) 3590.08New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 2790.06±0.00 0±0
Foralist League (LFF) 2580.05New 0±0
Blank ballots 4,5240.95+0.34
Total 475,142 25±0
Valid votes 475,14299.18–0.38
Invalid votes 3,9160.82+0.38
Votes cast / turnout 479,05850.40–10.08
Abstentions 471,50649.60+10.08
Registered voters 950,564
Sources[10][11]

2016 regional election

Summary of the 25 September 2016 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 238,58141.81+3.87 11±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 99,61017.46–3.74 5–1
United We Can (Podemos, Ezker Anitza–IU, Equo)1 84,19514.75+11.33 4+4
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 66,50611.65–7.06 3–2
People's Party (PP) 55,1289.66–2.00 2–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 10,9631.92New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA/ATTKAA) 4,5560.80+0.46 0±0
Let's Win the Basque Country: Yes We Can (Ganemos Irabazi) 3,3370.58New 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,2770.22New 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 1,0310.18+0.04 0±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 9030.16–0.76 0±0
Basque Communists–Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (EK–PCPE) 4660.08+0.01 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 3510.06–0.03 0±0
Welcome (Ongi Etorri) 2500.04New 0±0
Blank ballots 3,4840.61–0.65
Total 570,638 25±0
Valid votes 570,63899.56+0.33
Invalid votes 2,4950.44–0.33
Votes cast / turnout 573,13360.48–3.99
Abstentions 374,50339.52+3.99
Registered voters 947,636
Sources[10][12]

2012 regional election

Summary of the 21 October 2012 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/-
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 230,20437.94–3.16 11–1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 128,64421.20+14.11 6+5
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 113,53618.71–11.54 5–3
People's Party (PP) 70,74911.66–2.26 3–1
United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) 16,1092.65New 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 10,8551.79–0.07 0±0
United Left–Greens (EB–B) 9,8171.62–1.79 0±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 5,5980.92New 0±0
Equo Greens–Basque Ecologists (Equo)2 4,6560.77+0.31 0±0
Hartos.org (Hartos.org) 2,8310.47New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA/ATTKAA) 2,0520.34+0.08 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,1590.19–0.02 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 8210.14–0.04 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 7780.13–0.03 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 5550.09+0.02 0±0
Basque Communists–Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (EK–PCPE) 4420.07New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 3070.05New 0±0
Blank ballots 7,6491.26+0.24
Total 606,762 25±0
Valid votes 606,76299.23+6.19
Invalid votes 4,7210.77–6.19
Votes cast / turnout 611,48364.47–1.87
Abstentions 336,93935.53+1.87
Registered voters 948,422
Sources[10][12]

2009 regional election

Summary of the 1 March 2009 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)1 241,73241.10n/a 12+2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 177,87530.25+7.05 8+2
People's Party (PP) 81,83713.92–3.55 4–1
Aralar (Aralar) 24,6394.19+2.63 1+1
United Left–Greens (EB–B) 20,0803.41–2.10 0–1
Basque Solidarity (EA)1 17,0332.90n/a 0–1
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 10,9161.86New 0±0
The Greens (B/LV) 2,6890.46New 0±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA/ZAAAA) 1,5040.26–0.02 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,2320.21+0.02 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 1,0520.18New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 9690.16–0.07 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 4180.07–0.03 0±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 1510.03±0.00 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK) n/an/a–9.99 0–2
Blank ballots 5,9721.02+0.28
Total 588,099 25±0
Valid votes 588,09993.04–6.63
Invalid votes 43,9716.96+6.63
Votes cast / turnout 632,07066.34–1.57
Abstentions 320,77433.66+1.57
Registered voters 952,844
Sources[10][12]

2005 regional election

Summary of the 17 April 2005 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party–Basque Solidarity (PNVEA) 267,24740.66–2.76 11–1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 152,45923.20+5.14 6+2
People's Party (PP) 114,84517.47–5.98 5–1
Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK)1 65,6239.99+1.99 2±0
United Left–Greens (EB–B)2 36,2265.51–0.14 1±0
Aralar (Aralar) 10,2421.56New 0±0
GreensAnti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (B–PACMA) 1,8650.28New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1,4990.23New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,2610.19New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 6740.10–0.08 0±0
Alavese Unity (UA) 2160.03New 0±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 1790.03New 0±0
Blank ballots 4,8660.74–0.05
Total 657,202 25±0
Valid votes 657,20299.67+0.08
Invalid votes 2,1640.33–0.08
Votes cast / turnout 659,36667.91–11.21
Abstentions 311,59132.09+11.21
Registered voters 970,957
Sources[10][12]

2001 regional election

Summary of the 13 May 2001 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party–Basque Solidarity (PNVEA)1 335,94543.42+4.85 12+2
People's Party (PP)2 181,40423.45+3.12 6+1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 139,68418.06–0.21 4–1
Basque Citizens (EH) 61,8948.00–6.57 2–2
United Left (IU/EB) 43,7015.65–0.55 1±0
Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,0000.26New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,3610.18–0.09 0±0
Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD) 1,0170.13New 0±0
Freedom (Askatasuna) 2570.03New 0±0
Carlist Party (EKA/PC) 2200.03New 0±0
Blank ballots 6,1450.79–0.60
Total 773,628 25±0
Valid votes 773,62899.59+0.16
Invalid votes 3,1800.41–0.16
Votes cast / turnout 776,80879.12+15.59
Abstentions 204,99520.88–15.59
Registered voters 981,803
Sources[10][12]

1998 regional election

Summary of the 25 October 1998 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 224,54232.60–2.51 9–1
People's Party (PP) 139,16120.20+5.17 5+1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 125,83418.27+0.89 5+1
Basque Citizens (EH)1 100,37714.57+1.18 4+1
United Left (IU/EB) 42,7146.20–3.85 1–1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 41,0965.97–1.12 1–1
Natural Law Party (PLN/LNA) 2,7690.40New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,8920.27New 0±0
Alavese Unity (UA) 9130.13–0.13 0±0
Blank ballots 9,5561.39–0.15
Total 688,854 25±0
Valid votes 688,85499.43+0.03
Invalid votes 3,9720.57–0.03
Votes cast / turnout 692,78163.53+3.16
Abstentions 298,45736.47–3.16
Registered voters 991,238
Sources[10][12]

1994 regional election

Summary of the 23 October 1994 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 201,83335.11+0.74 10±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1 99,93117.38–9.86 4–3
People's Party (PP) 86,39815.03+6.41 4+2
Popular Unity (HB) 76,98813.39–2.83 3–1
United Left (IU/EB) 57,76510.05+8.34 2+2
Basque Solidarity (EA) 40,7527.09–0.91 2±0
Alavese Unity (UA) 1,4890.26+0.23 0±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (NPS)2 8040.14+0.08 0±0
Blank ballots 8,8651.54+0.88
Total 574,825 25±0
Valid votes 574,82599.40–0.08
Invalid votes 3,4960.60+0.08
Votes cast / turnout 578,32160.37–0.16
Abstentions 379,69139.63+0.16
Registered voters 958,012
Sources[10][12]

1990 regional election

Summary of the 28 October 1990 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 192,90334.37+5.56 10+2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 111,92019.94–2.54 5–1
Popular Unity (HB) 91,04716.22+0.27 4±0
People's Party (PP)1 48,4058.62+3.48 2+1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 44,9228.00–3.75 2–1
Basque Country Left (EE) 40,9837.30–2.91 2–1
United Left (IU/EB) 9,6091.71+0.92 0±0
Socialist Democracy (DS) 3,7240.66New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 3,0690.55–2.65 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 2,4470.44New 0±0
Basque Country Greens (EHB) 2,4150.43New 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos GroupEuropean Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 2,0700.37New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,8780.32+0.01 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country People (PCPE/EHAC) 5990.11New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 4410.08–0.05 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)2 3470.06–0.05 0±0
Revolutionary Communist LeagueCommunist Movement (LKI–EMK) 3260.06New 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))3 2720.05–0.02 0±0
Alavese Unity (UA) 1830.03New 0±0
Blank ballots 3,6790.66+0.22
Total 561,239 25±0
Valid votes 561,23999.48–0.03
Invalid votes 2,9230.52+0.03
Votes cast / turnout 564,16260.53–9.24
Abstentions 367,83439.47+9.24
Registered voters 931,996
Sources[10][12]

1986 regional election

Summary of the 30 November 1986 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 183,76628.81–14.94 8–4
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 143,38722.48–0.59 6±0
Popular Unity (HB) 101,73315.95+3.02 4+1
Basque Solidarity (EA) 74,92111.75New 3+3
Basque Country Left (EE) 65,11610.21+2.78 3+1
People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 32,7645.14–4.25 1–1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 20,3873.20New 0±0
United Left (IU/EB) 5,0550.79New 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 3,8950.61–1.16 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,9940.31–0.05 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 8560.13New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 6830.11New 0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)2 4140.07–0.06 0±0
Blank ballots3 2,7980.44±0.00
Total 637,769 25±0
Valid votes 637,76999.51+0.05
Invalid votes 3,1690.49–0.05
Votes cast / turnout 640,93869.77+1.51
Abstentions 277,74730.23–1.51
Registered voters 918,685
Sources[10][12]

1984 regional election

Summary of the 26 February 1984 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 261,91143.75+3.78 12+3
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 138,09323.07+8.64 6+3
Popular Unity (HB) 77,40712.93–3.42 3–1
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 56,2079.39+3.62 2+1
Basque Country Left (EE) 44,5007.43–0.35 2+1
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 10,6111.77–3.01 0–1
Neighborhood Labor (Auzolan)2 4,3570.73–0.88 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,1730.36–0.05 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 7920.13New 0±0
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) n/an/a–6.75 0–1
Blank ballots3 2,6410.44+0.02
Total 598,692 25+5
Valid votes 598,69299.46+0.54
Invalid votes 3,2350.54–0.54
Votes cast / turnout 601,92768.26+7.26
Abstentions 279,91631.74–7.26
Registered voters 881,843
Sources[10][12]

1980 regional election

Summary of the 9 March 1980 Basque Parliament election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 206,05139.97n/a 9n/a
People's Unity (HB) 84,27316.35n/a 4n/a
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 74,37914.43n/a 3n/a
Basque Country Left (EE) 40,0857.78n/a 1n/a
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 34,7816.75n/a 1n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 29,7475.77n/a 1n/a
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 24,6604.78n/a 1n/a
Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK/MCE) 5,6541.10n/a 0n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 2,7600.54n/a 0n/a
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI/LCR) 2,6520.51n/a 0n/a
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,0990.41n/a 0n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1,4660.28n/a 0n/a
Workers' Party of the Basque Country (ORTPTE) 1,4040.27n/a 0n/a
Basque Socialists' Unity Force (ESEI) 1,3430.26n/a 0n/a
Communist Unity (UC) 1,3400.26n/a 0n/a
Carlist Party (EKA/PC) 6840.13n/a 0n/a
Blank ballots 2,1640.42n/a
Total 515,542 20n/a
Valid votes 515,54298.92n/a
Invalid votes 5,6521.08n/a
Votes cast / turnout 521,19461.00n/a
Abstentions 333,17339.00n/a
Registered voters 854,367
Sources[10][12]

References

  1. "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. Población por provincias y por sexo". ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  2. "Elecciones al Parlamento del País Vasco y al Parlamento de Galicia del 12 de julio de 2020" (PDF). www.ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  3. "Ley Orgánica 3/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para el País Vasco". Organic Law No. 3 of 18 December 1979. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  4. "Ley 28/1983, de 25 de noviembre, de Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco". Law No. 28 of 25 November 1983. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  5. "Ley 5/1990, de 15 de junio, de Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco". Law No. 5 of 15 June 1990. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  6. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  7. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  9. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  10. "Election Results Archive". euskadi.eus (in Spanish). Basque Government. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  11. "Elecciones País Vasco 2020. Resultados. País Vasco". El País (in Spanish). 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  12. "Basque Parliament elections since 1980". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

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