List of battles before 301

Before 500 BC

Year Battle Description
c. 3100 BC Unification Battle of Egypt King Narmer of Upper Egypt defeats Lower Egypt in battle and founds the Old Kingdom of Egypt
c. 2600 BC Siege of Aratta King Enmerkar of Uruk defeats the king of Aratta and forces the kingdom into submission
c. 2580 BCSiege of UrukUruk led by their King Gilgamesh and their General Enkidu repel siege by Kish led by Aga and his allies in Isin and Nippur. Kings of Isin and Nippur are captured.
c. 2500 BCBattle of BanquanThe Yellow Emperor defeats the Flame Emperor at Banquan, forming the Huaxia Tribe. This was the first battle in Chinese history.
Battle of ZhuoluThe Yellow Emperor defeats Chi You at Zhuolu. This was the second battle in Chinese history.
c. 2450 BCBattle of UmmaLagash decisively defeats Umma and makes it a tributary state.
c. 2300 BCBattle of TerqaThe Kingdom of Ebla allied with the Kingdom of Nagar, Kingdom of Kish, and the Ib'al end the Third Mari-Ebla War by decisively defeating the Kingdom of Mari in Northeast Syria.
c. 2271 BCBattle of UrukKing Sargon of Akkad defeats the Sumerian force led by Lugal-Zage-Si at Uruk.
c. 1764 BCSiege of HiritumKing Hammurabi of Babylonia allied with Mari defeats Elamite invasion.
c. 1763 BCSiege of LarsaHammurabi defeats his former ally Rim-Sin I and conquers the city-state of Larsa for Babylonia.
c. 1600 BCBattle of MingtiaoTang of Shang defeats Jie of Xia, marking the beginning of the Shang dynasty.
c. 1595 BCSack of BabylonHittites sack Babylon and end the First Babylonian dynasty, leaving the area to be occupied by their Kassite allies for centuries.
c. 1550 BCSiege of AvarisEgyptians under Ahmose I expel the Hyksos from Egypt after taking their capital of Avaris.
c. 1530 BCSiege of SharuhenEgyptians under Ahmose I siege and raze town of Sharuhen in southern Canaan, the last stronghold the Hyksos fled to after he expelled them from Egypt.
c. 1500 BCBattle of the Ten KingsIndo-Aryan tribal king Sudas defeats the invading Ten Kings in the Punjab region of the Indian Subcontinent.
c. 1457 BCBattle of MegiddoEgyptian forces, led by Thutmose III, rout the Canaanite forces under the King of Kadesh.
c. 1400 BCBattle of JerichoIsraelites under Joshua destroy the Canaanite city of Jericho and kill most of its population.
1319 BCBattle of the Astarpa RiverHittite forces, led by Mursili II, destroy the Arzawa army under Piyama-Kurunta, son of their king Uhha-Ziti. Mursili destroys Milawanda and besieges Apasa as a result, forcing the king to retreat to Ahhiyawa along with his sons.
c. 1300 BCBattle at GibeahBiblical battle between the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin and the other tribes of Israel, regarding the death of a concubine.
c. 1280 BCBattle of Kār IštarAssyrians defeat Babylonians
c. 1275 BCFirst Battle of AlashiyaHittite navy and army defeat the navy and army of the Kingdom of Alashiya in modern-day Cyprus. One of the first naval battles ever recorded.
c. 1274 BCBattle of KadeshKing Muwatallis of the Hittites surprise Ramesses II; the battle ends in a draw.
1269 BCSiege of DapurEgyptian forces, led by Ramesses II, conquer Dapur.
c. 1250 BCBattle of the TollenseThe largest excavated battle site of this age anywhere in the world, fought between unknown polities.
c. 1237 BCBattle of NihriyaTukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria defeats Tudḫaliya IV of the Hittites.
1208 BC Battle of Perire Egypt defeats Libyan and Sea People coalition
c. 1205 BCSecond Battle of AlashiyaHittite navy defeats navy of the Kingdom of Alashiya in Cyprus.
c. 1184 BCSiege of TroyGreeks led by Mycenae sack Troy in western Anatolia, ending 10 year Trojan War
c. 1178 BCBattle of DjahyMajor land battle where Pharaoh Ramesses III defeats the Sea Peoples who were attempting to invade and conquer Egypt.
c. 1175 BCBattle of the Delta Egypt under Ramesses III repels a major naval invasion by the Sea Peoples.
c. 1150 BCBattle of Mount TaborIsraelites led by Barak and Deborah defeat Caananites led by the King of Hazor.
c. 1046 BCBattle of MuyeDecisive victory of the Zhou Dynasty against the Shang Dynasty.
c. 1025 BCBattle of MichmashIsraelites defeat Philistines.
c. 1010 BCBattle of Mount GilboaThe Israelites fight against the Philistines; King Saul and his son Jonathan die.
Siege of JebusKing David of Israel takes the city of Jebus, later known as Jerusalem, from the Jebusites. It becomes the Israelite capital city.
c. 993 BCSiege of RabbahKing David takes the capital of the Ammonites, subjugating them to Israel.
925 BCBattle of Bitter LakesShoshenq I of Egypt defeats a Bedouin incursion after surprising the enemy at the shores of the Bitter Lakes.
Sack of Jerusalem (925 BC)The Egyptians capture and plunder the Israeli capital of Jerusalem.
913 BCBattle of Mount ZemaraimJudah under King Abijah defeats Israel under King Jeroboam I; 500,000 Israelites fall in a single battle.
878 BCBattle of SuruAssyrian king Ashurnasirpal II takes the fortress of Suru from the Babylonians.
853 BCBattle of KarkarAssyrian Shalmaneser III faces a military alliance of the king of Damascus and other rulers including Tyre.
814 BCBattle of Dur-PapsukkalAssyrian king Shamshi-Adad IV razes the Babylonian city, then defeats the army of their king Marduk-balassu-iqbi.
771 BC Battle of Mount Li Quanrong barbarians decisively defeat the Zhou, severely weakening the dynasty
c. 750 BCBattle of the Lacus CurtiusThe newly formed Roman Kingdom under King Romulus defeats the Sabines.
743-740Siege of ArpadAssyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III takes and razes the Syrian city of Arpad after besieging it for three years.
733 BCSiege of Gezer (c.733 BC)The Assyrian king, Tiglath-Pileser III takes Gazru (Gezer) from the Kingdom of Israel.
724-720 BCSiege of Tyre (724-720 BC)Assyrians under Shalmaneser V and later Sargon II lay siege to the Phoenecian city of Tyre for 4 years but can't take the city.
722 BCSiege of SamariaAssyrian king Sargon II begins his reign by concluding a siege started by his predecessor Tiglath-Pileser III, bringing a final conquest to the northern Kingdom of Israel after taking their capital.
c. 715 BCSiege of HermopolisNubians led by King Piye annex Hermopolis from Egyptians of Nimlot of Hermopolis.
714 BCBattle of Lake UrmiaKing Sargon II of Assyria decisively defeats King Rusa I of Urartu at Lake Urmia, Urartu soon becomes an Assyrian client state.
707 BCBattle of XugeZhou Dynasty is defeated by State of Zheng in the first open defiance of imperial authority that would start the Spring and Autumn period
701 BCSiege of AzekahAssyrian king Sennacherib takes the city of Azekah from the Kingdom of Judah.
Siege of LachishAssyrian king Sennacherib takes the city of Lachish from the Kingdom of Judah.
Siege of Jerusalem (701 BC)Sennacherib besieges the capital of the Kingdom of Judah under Hezekiah. Both sides claim victory.
Siege of Tyre (701 BC)Sennacherib unsuccessfully besieges Phoenician city-state of Tyre.
693 BCBattle of Diyala RiverKing Sennacherib of Assyria defeats the Elamites of Southern Iran, led by Mushezib-Marduk, at Diyala River.
691 BCBattle of HaluleKing Sennacherib of Assyria fights a rebel force, composed of Babylonians, Chaldeans, Aramaeans, Elamites, and the tribes of the Zagros; the battle ended in a draw, although the greatest losses were suffered by the Assyrians.
689 BCSiege of BabylonSennacherib sacks Babylon and puts down the Babylonians' rebellion.
685 BCBattle of DeresAristomenes of Messenia fights Sparta, with an unknown and disputed end.
684 BCBattle of ChangshaoPart of Spring and Autumn period. Lu defeats Qi
682 BCBattle of the Great FossAristomenes, Androcles, Fidas, and Aristocrates II of the alliance between Messenia and Arcadia are decisively defeated by the Spartans.
669 BCBattle of HysiaeThe Argives defeat the Lacedaemonians.
663 BCSack of ThebesKing Asshurbanipal of Assyria, aided by the future indigenous Egyptian Pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty of Egypt Psamtik I, sacks the city and ends the Kushite 25th Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes is permanently weakened as a city.
653 BCBattle of UlaiAssyrians defeat an Elamite army at the Ulai River, clearing the way to Elam. Elamite king Teumman and his son killed in the battle.
647 BCBattle of SusaKing Assurbanipal of Assyria takes Susa from Elam, this meaning the end of the Elamites few years after.
642 BCBattle of YanDuke Xiao of Qi, allied with Song (state) defeats his brothers to become ruler of Qi
635 BCFall of AshdodPsamtik I of Egypt takes Ashdod from the Neo-Assyrian Empire, after a 29-year siege.
632 BCBattle of ChengpuDuke Wen of Jin defeats the Chu commander Ziyu in the biggest battle of the Spring and Autumn period.
627 BCBattle of XiaoPart of the Spring and Autumn Period. Jin defeats Qin
626 BCRevolt of Babylon (626 BC)Nabopolassar successfully takes Babylon from Assyria and forms the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
616 BCBattle of QablinBabylonians led by king Nabopolassar defeat the Assyrians and Mannaeans.
Battle of ArraphaBabylonians led by king Nabopolassar defeat the Assyrians.
615 BCFall of TarbisuThe Medes led by Cyaxares take the city of Tarbisu from Assyria, pushing into their heartland.
614 BCFall of AssurNabopolassar of Babylonia and Cyaxares of the Medes take and destroy Assur, capital of Sin- Shar-Ishkun's Assyria.
612 BCBattle of NinevehThe Medes and Scythians join the Babylonians to sack Nineveh, the capital of Assyria.
609 BCBattle of MegiddoNecho II of Egypt defeats and kills King Josiah of Judah.
Fall of HarranNabopolassar of Babylonia takes the Assyrian city of Harran, ruled by Ashur-uballit II, ending the Assyrian Empire.
Siege of Harran Egyptian assault of Harran fails
605 BCBattle of CarchemishNebuchadrezzar II of Babylon begins reign by defeating Necho II of Egypt.
Battle of HamathNebuchadrezzar II of Babylon defeats Necho II of Egypt in Hamath. According to Daniel 1:1 Nebuchadrezzar II takes and despoils Jerusalem, under the rule of Jehoiakim of Judea, but Daniel was written in 167 BC and the siege was 599 BC.
597 BCSiege of Jerusalem (597 BC)Babylonia takes and despoils Jerusalem
595 BCBattle of BiPart of the Spring and Autumn period. Chu defeats Jin
588 BCBattle of AnPart of the Spring and Autumn period. Jin defeats Qi
587 BCSiege of Jerusalem (587 BC)Babylonia takes and destroys Jerusalem.
586-573 BCSiege of Tyre (586–573 BC)Nebuchadnezzar II sieges Tyre for 13 years until the city agrees to pay tribute.
585 BCBattle of HalysLast battle of the war between Lydians and Medes. A solar eclipse is perceived as an ill omen and the fighting stops.
Siege of KirrhaAmphictyonic League led by Cleisthenes of Sicyon destroys the city of Kirrha after poisoning its water supply during the siege. Last battle of the First Sacred War.
575 BCBattle of YanlingPart of the Spring and Autumn period. Jin defeats Chu.
552 BC Battle of HyrbaCyrus the Great of Persia defeats Harpagus of Media, starting the Persian rebel alliance.
551 BC Battle of the Median BorderCambyses I of Persia battles the Medians
550 BCBattle of the FettersBattle between Sparta and Arcadia.
Battle of PasargadaeCyrus the Great of Persia defeats Astyages of Media, annexing Media to Persia.
547 BCBattle of PteriaCroesus and Cyrus the Great fight to a draw.
Battle of ThymbraCroesus of Lydia is defeated by Cyrus the Great of Persia.
Siege of Sardis (547 BC)Lydia annexed by Cyrus the Great
545 BCBattle of The 300 ChampionsThe Spartans defeat the Argives in a battle of 300 chosen champions. Only 3 survive.
540 BCBattle of AlaliaCarthaginian and Etruscan fleets defeat Phocaeans.
539 BC-538 BCBattle of OpisCyrus the Great defeats Nabonidus (or Belshazzar), leading to the conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
525 BCBattle of PelusiumDecisive victory of Cambyses II against Egyptians under Psamtik III – Egypt is annexed by the Achaemenid Empire.
509 BCBattle of Silva ArsiaRoman Republic defeats Etruscan forces from Tarquinii and Veii led by deposed Roman king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus.
508 BCSiege of Rome (508 BC)Etruscan forces besiege Rome, ending in a peace treaty; monarchy stays abolished in Rome.
506 BCBattle of Bai juForces of Wu under Sun Tzu, defeat the forces of Chu.
502 BCBattle of PometiaRoman forces defeat rebellion by Latin towns

5th century BC

Year Battle Description
499 BCSiege of NaxosBattle between the Persians under Megabates and the Greek inhabitants of Naxos.
498 BCSiege of SardisBattle between the people of Sardis and an alliance of Greeks from Ionia, Athens, and Eretria.
Battle of EphesusPersian victory during the Ionian Revolt.
496 BCBattle of Lake RegillusRomans defeat either the Etruscans or the Latins.
494 BCBattle of LadePersians defeat participants of the Ionian Revolt.
Battle of SepeiaSpartan forces of Cleomenes I defeat the Argives, fully establishing Spartan dominance in the Peloponnese.
490 BCSiege of Naxos (490 BC)The Persians destroy Naxos.
Siege of EretriaThe Persians under Datis and Artaphernes defeat the Eretrians.
Battle of MarathonAthens under Miltiades defeats the Persian expedition of Darius I of Persia and Artaphernes.
480 BCBattle of ThermopylaePersians under Xerxes defeat a coalition of Greek forces led by the Spartans commanded by King Leonidas.
Battle of ArtemisiumPersian fleet fights an inconclusive battle with the Greek allied fleet.
Battle of SalamisGreek ships under Themistocles and Eurybiades of Sparta defeat Persian fleet in the Bay of Eleusis.
Battle of HimeraThe Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelo of Syracuse, defeat the Carthaginians under Hamilcar I of Carthage, who dies in the battle.
479 BCBattle of PlataeaEnds the Persian invasion of Greece; Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army, routs the armies of Mardonius.
Battle of MycaleGreeks under Leotychidas sail to Asia Minor, attack the Persian fleet, and defeat the 60,000 Persian troops.
478 BCSiege of Byzantium (478 BC)Byzantium lost by Persians.
Battle of LizeYue defeats Wu, gaining much territory, during the Warring States period of Chinese history.
477 BCBattle of the CremeraThe Etruscan city of Veii defeats the Roman Republic at Cremera.
475 BCSiege of EionThe Delian League takes Eion from the Persians.
474 BCBattle of CumaeThe Syracusans under Hiero I defeat the Etruscans and end Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
466 BCBattle of the EurymedonAthenians under Cimon defeat the Persians in a great naval battle.
458 BCBattle of Mount AlgidusRomans under Cincinnatus defeat the Aequi.
Battle of Aegina Athens defeats Aegina
457 BCBattle of TanagraThe Spartans defeat the Athenians near Thebes, Greece.
Battle of OenophytaThe Athenians defeat the Thebans and take control of Boeotia.
454 BCSiege of ProsoptisPersia re-establishes control over Egypt.
Battle of MendesiumFifty Athenian triremes try to relieve Prosoptis unaware it succumbed, most triremes sunk by Persians.
453 BCBattle of JinyangDecisive battle leading to the partition of the state of Jin into three smaller states of Zhao, Han, and Wei, which became three of the seven warring states in China.
450 BCSiege of CitiumPersia maintains control over Cyprus.
Battle of SalamisAthenians under Cimon defeat the Persian fleet at Cyprus.
Battle of Nomae Greeks defeat Sicels of Ducetius
447 BCBattle of CoroneaThe Athenians are driven from Boeotia.
446 BCBattle of CorbioRoman General Titus gains a victory over the Aequi tribes.
446 BCBattle of the Himera River (446 BC)Syracuse defeats Akragas
435 BCCapture of FidenaeRomans defeat the Veii.
433 BCBattle of SybotaAthenians and Corcyreans fight the Corinthians.
432 BCBattle of PotidaeaAthens defeats Sparta, leading to the Peloponnesian War.
429 BCBattle of SpartolosChalcidians and their allies defeat Athens.
Battle of RhiumNaval defeat of the Peloponnesians by Athens.
Battle of NaupactusPhormio defeats the Peloponnesian fleet.
427 BCMytilenean revoltAthens ends Mytilenian revolt.
Siege of PlataeaSparta besieges and destroys Plataea.
426 BCBattle of TanagraAthenians under Nicias defeat Tanagra and Thebes.
Battle of OlpaeAthenians under Demosthenes defeat the Spartans in Aetolia.
Battle of IdomeneDemosthenes of Athens defeats Ambracia.
425 BCBattle of PylosAthenians under Demosthenes again defeat the Spartans, this time capturing a Spartan fleet and leaving a Spartan contingent isolated on the island of Sphacteria.
Battle of SphacteriaDemosthenes and Cleon capture the Spartans on Sphacteria.
424 BCBattle of MegaraAthens encounters defeat at Megara.
Battle of DeliumAnother Athenian invasion of Boeotia is unsuccessful.
423 BCBattle of LyncestisIllyrians and Lyncestians fight the Spartans and Macedonians during the Peloponnessian War.
422 BCBattle of AmphipolisThe Spartans under Brasidas defeat the Athenians under Cleon; both generals die.
418 BCBattle of MantineaThe Spartans under King Agis II defeat the Argives, Mantineans, and Athenians.
417 BCBattle of HysiaeSpartans march against Argos with their allies, yet fail to take the city itself, instead capturing Hysiae
Battle of OrneaeArgives and Athenians defeat Spartan garrison
415 BCBattle of MelosAthens invades Melos.
Battle of SyracuseThe Athenian expedition in Sicily, under Nicias and Demosthenes, is annihilated.
411 BCBattle of EretriaSpartans defeat the Athenian fleet.
Battle of SymeSpartans defeat Athenian fleet; Persia is drawn into the Peloponnesian War.
Battle of CynossemaThe Athenians under Alcibiades defeat the Spartan fleet.
410 BC Battle of AbydosAthenian navy defeats Spartan fleet.
Battle of CyzicusThe Athenian fleet, under the leadership of Alcibiades, destroys the Spartan fleet.
409 BCBattle of SelinusDorian Greek city Selinus destroyed by Carthage.
Battle of Himera (409 BC)Ionian Greek city Himera destroyed by Carthage.
406 BCBattle of NotiumThe Spartans under Lysander defeat a segment of the Athenian fleet under Antiochus.
Battle of MytileneSparta defeats Athens.
Battle of ArginusaeThe final Athenian victory of the Peloponnesian War.
Siege of Akragas (406 BC)Dorian Greek city Akragas sacked by Carthage.
405 BCBattle of Gela (405 BC)Dorian Greek city Gela sacked by Carthage.
Battle of AegospotamiThe final battle of the Peloponnesian War; Lysander destroys the navy of Athens led by Conon.
Sack of Camarina (405 BC)Carthaginians sack Sicilian Greek city of Camarina.
404 or 403 BCBattle of PhyleThe Athenian exiles, seeking to restore democracy in Athens, defeat the Spartans.
Battle of MunychiaThe Athenian exiles, in their search for democracy in Athens, defeat the oligarchic government of Athens.
403 BCBattle of PiraeusThe Athenian exiles, led by Thrasybulus, are finally defeated by the Spartans of Pausanias, both sides suffering tremendous casualties. However, Piraeus and Athens are reunited and the democratic government of Athens is reestablished.
401 BCBattle of CunaxaArtaxerxes II of Persia defeats the forces of Cyrus the Younger.

4th century BC

Year Battle Description
398 BCSiege of MotyaPhoenician city Motya sacked by Sicilian Greeks.
397 BCBattle of MesseneIonian Greek city Messene sacked by Carthage.
Battle of Catana (397 BC)Greek fleet defeated by Carthage.
Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)Battle between Syracuse and Carthage. Part of the Sicilian Wars. Greek victory.
396 BCBattle of VeiiRomans complete conquest of Etruscans.
395 BCBattle of HaliartusThe Spartan general Lysander is killed in a Spartan defeat by the Thebans.
394 BCBattle of NemeaSpartans defeat the Thebans, Athenians, Argives, and Corinthians.
Battle of CnidusThe Spartan fleet under Peisander is utterly destroyed by the Persian-Athenian fleet of Conon.
Battle of CoroneaKing Agesilaus II of Sparta defeats the Thebans.
Siege of Tauromenium (394 BC) Syracuse besieges the Sicels
393 BC Battle of Abacaenum Small Carthaginian army defeated by Dionysius I of Syracuse
392 BCBattle of ChrysasInconclusive last battle of the Third Sicilian War
391 BCBattle of LechaeumIphicrates of Athens defeats Sparta during the Corinthian War.
390 BCBattle of the AlliaThe Gauls defeat the Romans, leading to the Gallic sack of Rome.
389 BCBattle of the ElleporusDionysius I of Syracuse defeats the Italiote League, securing his domination of Greek Southern Italy.
Siege of Theodosia (389 BC) Bosporan Kingdom tries to take Theodosia but fails
386 BCSiege of RhegiumDionysius I of Syracuse conquers the city and sells the inhabitants into slavery.
385 BCSiege of MantineaSparta destroys Mantinea
380 BC Battle of Labrytai Bosporan Kingdom conquers the Sindlike Kingdom
377 BC Battle of Cabala Syracuse defeats Carthage
376 BC Battle of Cronium Carthage defeats Syracuse, ending the Fourth Sicilian War
Battle of NaxosThe Athenians under Chabrias defeat the Spartans at sea.
375 BCBattle of TegyraPelopidas of Thebes defeats Sparta.
371 BCBattle of LeuctraSpartans under king Cleombrotus lose to the Thebans under Epaminondas – Cleombrotus is killed. This ends the period of Spartan domination of Greece
365 BC Siege of Theodosia (c. 365 BC) Bosporan Kingdom again tries to take Theodosia and again fails
364 BCBattle of CynoscephalaeThe Thebans under Pelopidas fight a drawn battle with Alexander of Pherae in Thessaly. Pelopidas is killed.
362 BCBattle of MantineaThe Thebans and their allies, under Epaminondas, defeat the Spartans and Athenians, but Epaminondas himself is killed, ending the brief period of Theban domination.
360 BC Siege of Theodosia (c. 360 BC) Bosporan Kingdom besieges Theodosia for the third time, this time taking the city
359 BCBattle of MethonePhilip II of Macedon defeats 3,000 Athenian mercenaries on the Macedonian coast.
358 BCBattle of Erigon ValleyPhilip II of Macedon defeats the Kingdom of Dardania, expanding Macedonia to their northwestern frontier.
356 BCBattle of EmbataAthenians under Chares, Iphicrates, and Timotheos are defeated by the Chians at Chios, Greece.
353 BCBattle of Crocus FieldPhilip II of Macedon defeats the Phocians in the Third Sacred War.
Battle of GuilingTian Ji and Sun Bin of Qi defeat Pang Juan of Wei at Handan during the Warring States period of China.
343 BCBattle of Mount GaurusRoman general Marcus Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites.
Battle of SuessulaThe Roman Republic beats the Samnites, but is forced to withdraw due to the revolt of several of its Latin allies.
Battle of PelusiumPersians defeat Egyptian forces under Nectanebo II.
342 BC Battle of MalingTian Ji and Sun Bin of Qi again defeat Pang Juan of Wei, this time at Dazhangija Town, Shen County, in Henan Province.
340 BCBattle of the CrimissusTimoleon defeats the Carthaginian invaders of Sicily.
Siege of ByzantiumA siege by Philip II of Macedonia.
339 BCBattle of VesuviusRomans under P. Decius Mus and T. Manlius Imperiosus defeat the rebellious Latins.
338 BCBattle of Chaeronea2 August - Philip of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in their struggle to maintain their independence.
Battle of TrifanumRoman general T. Manlius Imperiosus decisively defeats the Latins.
335 BC Siege of Pelium Macedon under Alexander the Great defeats the Illyrians
Battle of ThebesMacedon under Alexander the Great defeats Thebes and razes the city.
334 BCBattle of the GranicusAlexander the Great defeats the Persian army in Western Asia Minor.
Siege of Miletus Macedon takes Miletus from Persia
Siege of Halicarnassus Alexander the Great takes Halicarnassus
333 BCBattle of IssusAlexander the Great defeats the main Persian army under King Darius III in northern Syria.
Siege of GordiumParmenion, in the absence of Alexander, captures the city of Gordium from the Persian Achaemenid Empire, annexing all Anatolia to Macedon.
332 BCSiege of Tyre (332 BC)Alexander the Great besieges the city.
Siege of GazaAlexander the Great, commander of the Macedonian forces and their Greek allies, takes Gaza from the Persian Batis, gaining Egypt.
331 BCBattle of PandosiaAlexander of Epirus, the uncle of Alexander the Great, is defeated and killed in Italy by the Samnites.
Battle of MegalopolisAntipater, Alexander's regent in Macedon and Greece, defeats the Spartans under King Agis III.
Battle of Gaugamela1 October - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III in Mesopotamia and conquers Persia.
Battle of the Uxian DefileDecember - Alexander the Great defeats the Uxii tribes of the Zagros Mountains.
330 BCBattle of the Persian GatePersians fail to prevent Alexander the Great from taking Persepolis.
329 BCSiege of CyropolisAlexander the Great and Craterus take Cyropolis from the Sogdians
Battle of JaxartesAlexander the Great defeats the nomadic Saka tribes of Central Asia.
327 BCCapture of NeapolisThe Samnites take the city of Neapolis from Rome.
Siege of the Sogdian RockAlexander the Great of the now Macedonian Empire takes the fortress of the Sogdian Rock or Rock of Ariamazes from the Sogdians, gaining all Sogdiana.
Siege of AornosAlexander the Great takes the fortress of Aornos in the gorges of the Upper Indus.
326 BCBattle of the HydaspesAlexander defeats the Indian King Porus.
323 BC Battle of Plataea Athenians decisively defeat Boeotian forces, who are allied with Macedon in the Lamian War
Battle of Thermopylae (323 BC) Athenians and Aetolians defeat Antipater
322 BC Siege of Lamia Athenians besiege Antipater in Lamia
Battle of Amorgos Cleitus the White defeats the Athenian fleet
Battle of Echinades Cleitus the White again defeats the Athenian fleet, Macedon becomes dominant in the ocean
Battle of CrannonAntipater and Craterus defeat the Athenians and Aetolians, ending the Lamian War
321 BCBattle of the Caudine ForksThe Romans under Spurius Postumius and T. Verturius Calvinus are defeated by the Samnites under Gaius Pontius.
Battle of the Hellespont (321 BC)Eumenes defeats and kills Craterus and Neoptolemus
319 BCBattle of OrkyniaAntigonus Monophthalmus defeats Eumenes
Battle of CretopolisAntigonus Monophthalmus defeats the remnant Perdiccan faction.
Battle of PataliputraChandragupta Maurya attacks capital of the Nanda Empire
317 BCSiege of MegalopolisAlexander's regent Polyperchon fails to siege city supporting Cassander
Battle of ByzantiumCoalition of Antigonus Monophthalmus and Cassander defeat coalition of Polyperchon and Cleitus the White
Battle of ParaitakeneIndecisive battle between Antigonus Monophthalmus vs. Eumenes
315 BCBattle of LautulaeThe Romans are defeated by the Samnites.
Battle of GabieneForces of Antigonus Monophthalmus defeat and kill Eumenes
312 BCBattle of GazaPtolemy I of Egypt defeats Demetrius I Poliorcetes
311 BCBattle of HimeraThe Carthaginian general Hamilcar defeats the tyrant Agathocles of Syracuse, who is then besieged in Syracuse.
First Siege of Babylon (311 BC)Seleucid dynasty decisively defeats Antigonid dynasty and establishes control over Babylon.
Battle of the TigrisSeleucid dynasty defeats the Antigonid dynasty and kills Nicanor and Eaugoras.
310 BCBattle of Lake VadimoThe Romans defeat the Etruscans.
Second Siege of Babylon (310 BC)Seleucid dynasty defeats Antigonid dynasty
Battle of the River Thatis Satyros II of the Bosporan Kingdom allied with the Scythians defeats his brother Eumelos and his Sarmatian army in the opening battle of the Bosporan Civil War.
Battle of White Tunis Agathocles of Syracuse defeats Carthage in Africa
Siege of Syracuse Syracuse repels a Carthaginian siege of the city
309 BCThird Siege of Babylon (309 BC)Seleucus keeps citadel, Antigonus captures part of the city.
Battle of the 25 of AbuSeleucus decisively defeats Antigonus, is recognized as ruler of Babylon, Elam and Media
Siege of Siracena Satyros II is killed while besieging Eumelos
Battle of Lake Maeotis Eumelos defeats his brother Prytanis and takes the throne of the Bosporan Kingdom, ending the civil war
306 BCBattle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC)Demetrius I Poliorcetes defeats the fleet of Menelaeus, brother of Ptolemy I and captures Cyprus.
305 BCBattle of BovianumThe Roman consuls M. Fulvius and L. Postumius decisively defeat the Samnites to end the Second Samnite War.
305-304 BCSiege of Rhodes (305 BC)Rhodian commander Ares, alongside his Seleucid and Ptolemaic allies, repels a siege by the Antigonids, led by Demetrius Poliorcetes.
301 BCBattle of IpsusAntigonus Monophthalmus is defeated and killed by Seleucus and Lysimachus.

3rd century BC

Year Battle Description
298 BCBattle of CamerinumThe Samnites allied with the Gauls defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio in the first battle of the Third Samnite War.
297 BCBattle of TifernumRoman forces defeat the Samnites in Umbria.
295 BCBattle of SentinumThe Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, forcing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace.
293 BCBattle of AquiloniaThe Romans decisively defeat the Samnites.
Battle of YiqueQin forces defeat the allied states of Wei and Han, leading to Qin's further superiority in China.
291 BC Siege of Thebes Demetrius I Poliorcetes defeats a Boeotian rebellion
287 BC Siege of Athens (287 BC) Demetrius besieges Athens but doesn't take the city
284 BCBattle of ArretiumA Roman army under Lucius Caecilius is destroyed by the Gauls.
283 BCBattle of Lake VadimoA Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabello defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
282 BCBattle of PopuloniaEtruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
281 BCBattle of CorupediumLast battle in the wars of the Diadochi. Seleucus defeats and kills Lysimachus.
280 BCBattle of HeracleaFirst engagement of Roman and Greek armies, the latter led by Pyrrhus of Epirus, who is victorious.
279 BCBattle of AsculumPyrrhus again defeats the Romans, at a great cost.
Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC)A Greek alliance battles invading Gallic forces indecisively.
278 BC Siege of Syracuse (278 BC) Pyrrhus of Epirus ends a Carthaginian siege of the city
Siege of Lilybaeum Pyrrhus fails to expel Carthage from Sicily
277 BCBattle of LysimachiaMacedonian Antigonid forces versus Gallic tribes that had settled in the Thracian Chersonese.
Battle of the Cranita hillsSamnites defeat the Romans.
275 BCBattle of BeneventumPyrrhus fights Rome one last time in this inconclusive draw, but elects to leave Italy afterwards.
274 BCBattle of the AousPyrrhus defeats Antigonus Gonatas of Macedon.
272 BC Siege of Sparta Pyrrhus tries to take Sparta but is repelled
Battle of Argos Pyrrhus is defeated by Macedon and its allies and dies soon after, ending Epirot intervention in the Peloponnese
264 BC Battle of Messana Rome defeats Carthage in the first battle of the First Punic War
262 BCBattle of AgrigentumCarthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, giving them control of most of Sicily.
261 BCBattle of CosNaval victory of Antigonus II Gonatas over Ptolemy II.
Battle of KalingaAshoka the Great conquers Kalinga for the Maurya Empire.
260 BCBattle of ChangpingArmy of Qin under Bai Qi routed army of Zhao and massacred 500,000 prisoners of war. Military superiority of Qin over all other states of China. Unification became a matter of time.
Battle of the Lipara IslandsA Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians.
Battle of MylaeA Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the western Mediterranean.
258 BCBattle of EphesusRhodians under Agathostratus defeat a Ptolemaic fleet under Chremonides.
Battle of SulciMinor Roman naval victory during First Punic War.
257 BCBattle of TyndarisSicilian town captured by Rome.
256 BCBattle of Cape EcnomusA Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
255 BC Siege of Aspis Rome takes the city of Aspis in Africa
Battle of AdysThe Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa.
Battle of TunisThe Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
251 BCBattle of PanormusCarthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
250 BC Siege of Lilybaeum (250–241 BC) Rome takes Lilybaeum after a long siege
249 BCBattle of DrepanaCarthaginians under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher.
Battle of Phintias Carthage destroys a large Roman navy
248

BC

Siege of Drepana Rome besieges Drepana
246 BCBattle of AndrosPtolemy III loses the Cyclades to Antigonus II of Macedonia.
241 BCBattle of the Aegates IslandsRoman sea victory over the Carthaginians, ending the First Punic War
241 BCBattle of the Caecus RiverAttalus I defeats the Galatians
239 BCBattle of the Bagradas RiverHamilcar defeats mercenary troops, making it the first Punic victory in the Mercenary Wars.
Battle of AncyraAntiochus Hierax defeats Seleucus II Callinicus
238 BC Battle of "The Saw" Hamilcar defeats a great mercenary army at Tunis.
Battle of UticaRebellious Carthaginian mercenaries are defeated by the loyal troops of Hamilcar Barca
Battle of AphrodisiumAttalus I of Pergamon defeats Antiochus Hierax
Battle of Leptis Parva Final battle of the Mercenary War
231 BCSiege of MedionIllyrians under Agron defeat the Aetolian League
230 BCBattle of PhoeniceIllyrians defeat the Epirotes
229 BCBattle of PaxosIllyrians defeat the Aetolian League and Achaean League
Battle of the HarpasusAttalus again defeats Antiochus Hierax and takes over much of Anatolia
227 BC Battle of Mount Lycaeum Cleomenes III of Sparta defeats the Achaean League
226 BCBattle of DymeSparta again defeats the Achaean League decisively, resulting in a peace treaty.
225 BCBattle of FaesulaeThe Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
Battle of TelamonThe Romans under Aemilius Papus and Caius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls.
222 BCBattle of ClastidiumThe Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeat the Gauls.
222 BCBattle of SellasiaDefeat of Cleomenes III of Sparta by Antigonus Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League.
218 BCSiege of SaguntumHannibal of Carthage lays siege to the city of Saguntum in Spain, marking the start of the Second Punic War.
Battle of LilybaeumRoman naval forces under Amellius defeat the Carthaginians, ending their attempts to colonize Sicily.
Battle of Rhone CrossingHannibal defeats the Volcae Gauls, staying undefeated in his march for Italy.
Battle of the TicinusNovember - Hannibal defeats the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio the elder in a small cavalry fight.
Battle of the TrebiaHannibal defeats the Romans under Tiberius Sempronius Longus, who had foolishly attacked.
Battle of CissaRoman forces defeat a Catharginian army under Hanno, controlling the territory north of Ebro river.
217 BCBattle of Raphia22 June - Antiochus III the Great is defeated by Ptolemy IV.
Battle of Lake Trasimene24 June - In an ambush, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Gaius Flaminius, who is killed.
Battle of Ebro RiverRoman naval forces destroy a Carthaginian fleet under Himilco, weakening Carthage's influence in Iberia.
Battle of Ager FalernusHannibal defeats Roman forces under Quintus Fabius Maximus.
Battle of GeroniumHannibal fights Roman forces in Apulia, resulting in a strategic draw.
216 BCBattle of Cannae2 August - Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
First Battle of NolaThe Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus holds off an attack by Hannibal.
215 BCBattle of DertosaA Roman army under Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus and Publius Cornelius Scipio destroys Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal.
Second Battle of NolaMarcellus again repulses an attack by Hannibal.
Battle of CornusRoman forces under Torquatus defeat a Carthaginian army under Hamilcar in Sicily.
214 BCThird Battle of NolaMarcellus fights an inconclusive battle with Hannibal.
Battle of BeneventumTiberius Gracchus' slave legions defeat Hanno, son of Bomilcar and, therefore, deny Hannibal his reinforcements.
Siege of SyracuseThe Roman general Marcellus' forces being kept at bay by the inventions of Archimedes.
212 BCBattle of TarentumHannibal defeats a Roman army in southern Italy, strengthening his situation in Italy.
First Battle of CapuaHannibal defeats the Consuls Q. Fulvius Flaccus and Appius Claudius, but the Roman army escapes.
Battle of BeneventumQuintus Fulvius Flaccus defeats Hanno (son of Bomilcar) in Southern Italy.
Battle of the SilarusHannibal destroys the army of the Roman praetor M. Centenius Penula.
Battle of HerdoniaHannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
211 BCBattle of the Upper BaetisPublius and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca.
Second Battle of CapuaHannibal is unable to break the Roman siege of the city.
210 BCSecond Battle of HerdoniaHannibal destroys the Roman army of Fulvius Centumalus, who is killed.
Battle of NumistroHannibal defeats Marcellus once more.
209 BCFirst Battle of LamiaPhilip V of Macedon defeats an Aetolian force under Phyrrhias.
Second Battle of LamiaPhilip V of Macedon again defeats Phyrrhias.
Battle of AsculumHannibal once again defeats Marcellus, in an indecisive battle.
Battle of TarentumQuintus Fabius Maximus defeats Hannibal's forces.
Battle of Mount Labus Seleucids defeat and subjugate the Parthians
208 BCBattle of BaeculaThe Romans in Spain under P. Cornelius Scipio the Younger defeat Hasdrubal Barca.
Siege of BactraThe Seleucid Empire defeats the Greco-Bactrians under Euthydemus.
Battle of the AriusAntiochus III defeats the Greco-Bactrians.
207 BCBattle of GrumentumThe Roman general Gaius Claudius Nero fights an indecisive battle with Hannibal, then escapes north to confront Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca, who has invaded Italy.
Battle of JuluXiang Yu destroys the main Qin army for control of China.
Battle of the MetaurusHasdrubal is defeated and killed by Nero's Roman army.
Battle of CartagenaScipio Africanus Major destroys the Catharginian city of Cartagena in Iberia.
Battle of MantineaPhilopoemen of the Achaean League defeats the Spartans under Machanidas, who is killed.
206 BCBattle of IlipaScipio again decisively defeats the remaining Carthaginian forces in Spain.
205 BCBattle of PengchengChu defeats Han under Liu Bang.
Battle of AnyiHan defeats Wei.
Battle of JingxingHan Xin, with an army of 30,000 levies, defeats a numerically larger army of the Zhao near Jingxing (Jing Gorge).
Battle of Tao RiverHan Xin, positioning his army with a river behind them to make them fight to the death, defeats a Zhao army, killing Chen Yu and capturing Zhao Xie, the Prince of Zhao.
204 BCBattle of CrotonaHannibal fights a drawn battle against the Roman general Sempronius in Southern Italy.
Battle of UticaScipio Africanus fights the Carthaginians and Numidians, ending in a draw.
Battle of Wei RiverHan Xin defeats a joint Qi and Western Chu army by building a temporary dam, luring his enemies into the river, and opening the dam to drown them.
203 BCBattle of UticaPublius Cornelius Scipio decisively defeats Catharge under Hasdrubal.
Battle of BagbradesThe Romans under Scipio defeat the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax. Hannibal is sent to return to Africa.
Battle of CirtaRoman forces sack the Numidian capital, decisively defeating Carthage's ally.
Po Valley RaidRoman forces under Varus and Cethegus defeat Mago of Carthage, ending the Second Punic War in Italy.
202 BCBattle of ZamaScipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa, ending the Second Punic War.
Battle of GaixiaThe Han forces led by Liu Bang, who was later to become Emperor of China, defeats their Chu opponents.
201 BCBattle of ChiosPhilip V of Macedon is defeated at sea by the Rhodians and Pergamenes.
Battle of LadePhilip V of Macedon defeats Cleonaeus of Rhodes in a naval battle.
200 BCBattle of CremonaRoman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul.
Battle of BaidengThe army of Han China, attempting to conquer the Xiongnu people living to the north, is defeated and the Chinese Emperor is almost captured.
Battle of PaniumAntiochus III the Great secures the conquest of Syria and Israel from Egypt with this victory.


2nd century BC

Year Battle Description
198 BCBattle of the AousRoman forces under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeat the Macedonians under Philip V.
197 BCBattle of CynoscephalaeRomans under Flamininus decisively defeat Philip in Thessaly.
194 BCBattle of MutinaRoman victory over the Gauls.
Battle of GythiumWith assistance from Rome, Rhodes, Macedon, and Philopoemen of the Achaean League defeat the Spartans under Nabis.
191 BCBattle of ThermopylaeRomans under Manius Acilius Glabrio defeat Antiochus III the Great and force him to evacuate Greece.
Battle of CorycusRomans defeat the Seleucids at sea
190 BCBattle of the EurymedonRoman forces under Lucius Aemilius Regillus defeat a Seleucid fleet commanded by Hannibal, fighting his last battle.
Battle of MyonessusAnother Seleucid fleet is defeated by the Romans.
Battle of MagnesiaDecember - Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio and his brother Scipio Africanus Major defeat Antiochus III the Great in the decisive victory of the war.
189 BCBattle of Mount OlympusRoman and Pergamum forces crushingly defeat the Galatians.
181 BCBattle of Manlian PassRomans defeat Celtiberians
171 BCBattle of CallicinusPerseus of Macedon defeats a Roman army under Publius Licinius Crassus.
168 BCBattle of Pydna22 June - Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War and annexing Macedon for Rome.
167 BCBattle of Wadi HaramiaJewish rebels under Judas Maccabaeus deal a serious blow to the Seleucids, killing their leader Apollonius.
166 BCBattle of Beth Horon (166 BC)The Jewish rebel leader Judas Maccabaeus defeats the Seleucids.
Battle of EmmausJudas Maccabeus again defeats the Seleucids.
164 BCBattle of Beth ZurAnother victory of Judas Maccabaeus over the Seleucids, leading to the recapture of Jerusalem by the rebels.
162 BCBattle of Beth ZachariahThe Seleucid regent Lysias defeats the Jewish rebels.
161 BCBattle of AdasaIn his last victory, Judas Maccabaeus defeats and kills the Seleucid general Nicanor.
160 BCBattle of ElasaJewish leader Judas Maccabaeus is defeated and killed by the Seleucid army of Bacchides.
148 BCBattle of PydnaThe forces of the Macedonian pretender Andriscus are defeated by the Romans under Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus in the decisive engagement of the Fourth Macedonian War.
146 BCBattle of Carthage (c.149 BC)Scipio Africanus Minor captures and destroys Carthage, ending the Third Punic War.
Battle of CorinthThe Romans under Lucius Mummius defeat the Achaean League forces of Critolaus, who is killed. Greece comes under direct Roman rule.
145 BCBattle of AntiochPtolemy VI Philometor defeats the Seleucid usurper Alexander Balas, but is killed in the fighting.
133 BCSiege of NumantiaRoman forces under Scipio Aemilianus defeat the Celtiberians and sack their capital city.
Battle of MayiAborted ambush mission by the Han against invading Xiongnu forces.
129 BCBattle of EcbatanaThe Seleucid King Antiochus VII Sidetes is defeated and killed by the Parthians under Phraates II, ending any pretense of Seleucid control over Media or Mesopotamia.
119 BCBattle of MobeiHan forces decisively defeat the Xiongnu army in the Gobi desert, more than 90,000 Xiongnus killed.
113 BC Siege of Cirta Jugurtha defeats Adherbal and takes over all of Numidia
112 BCBattle of NoreiaCimbrian victory against Rome during the Cimbrian War.
110 BC Battle of Suthul Numidian victory in the Jugurthine War
109

BC

Battle of the MuthulRoman forces under Caecilius Metellus defeat the forces of Jugurtha of Numidia.
Siege of Zama Rome besieges Zama
108 BC Battle of LoulanHan forces defeat Loulan.
Siege of Thala Rome besieges Thala
107 BCBattle of BurdigalaAlliance of Germanic and Celtic tribes led by Divico defeat the Romans and kill Lucius Cassius Longinus and Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.
106 BC Second Battle of Cirta Gaius Marius defeats Numidia and Mauretania and captures Cirta
105 BCBattle of Arausio6 October - Cimbri inflict a major defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus.
103 BCBattle of ScirthaeaPraetor Lucius Licinius Lucullus defeats the slave army of Salvius Tryphon in an open field.
Siege of TriocalaLucullus besieges the slave stronghold but ends the siege after finding out he had been replaced.
102 BCBattle of TridentumRome has a tactical withdrawal from combat with the Cimbri.
Battle of Aquae SextaeThe Romans under Gaius Marius defeat the Teutons.
101 BCBattle of VercellaeThe Romans under Marius defeat the Cimbri, who are entirely annihilated.

1st century BC

Year Battle Description
89 BCBattle of Fucine LakeRoman forces under Lucius Porcius Cato are defeated by the Italian rebels in the Social War.
Battle of AsculumThe Roman army of C. Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Social War.
Battle of the River AmniasMithridatic forces defeat Nicomedes IV of Bithynia.
Battle of Protopachium Mithridates decisively defeats a Roman army and occupies Asia Minor
88 BC Battle of Mount ScorobasMithridatic forces under Archelaus defeat the Romans under Manius Aquilius.
87 - 86 BCSiege of Athens and PiraeusLucius Cornelius Sulla defeats the combined forces of Athens and Pontus at Athens.
86 BCBattle of TenedosNaval victory for Lucius Licinius Lucullus during the First Mithridatic War.
Battle of ChaeroneaThe Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the First Mithridatic War.
85 BCBattle of OrchomenusSulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive battle of the First Mithridatic War.
83 BCBattle of Mount TifataSulla defeats the Popular forces of Caius Norbanus in the First Roman Civil War.
82 BCBattle of the Colline GateNovember - Sulla defeats Samnites allied to the Popular party in Rome in the decisive battle of the Civil War.
80 BCBattle of the Baetis RiverRebel forces under Quintus Sertorius defeat the legal Roman forces of Lucius Fulfidias in Spain.
76 BCBattle of LauronSertorius defeats the army of Pompey
75 BCBattle of SaguntumLast pitched battle in the Sertorian War
74 BCBattle of ChalcedonMithridates VI of Pontus defeats Romans under Marcus Aerelius Cotta.
Battle of CyzicusRoman forces under Lucius Lucullus defeat the forces of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
73 BCBattle of Mount VesuviusSlave army under Spartacus defeats Romans under Gaius Claudius Glaber.
72 BCBattle of CabiraLucullus again defeats Mithridates, overrunning Pontus.
72-71 BCSiege of HeracleaRomans capture Heraclea Pontica
71 BCBattle of CantennaRomans under Marcus Licinius Crassus defeat slave armies, killing their leaders Gannicus and Castus.
Battle of the Silarius RiverRoman forces led by Marcus Licinius Crassus decisively defeat the slave army of Spartacus, who dies in the battle. End of the Servile Wars.
69 BCBattle of TigranocertaLucullus defeats the army of Tigranes II of Armenia, who was harboring his father-in-law Mithridates VI of Pontus.
68 BCBattle of ArtaxataLucullus again defeats Tigranes.
67 BCBattle of KorakesionNaval battle between pirates and Pompey's Fleet, ending in a decisive victory against piracy in the Mediterranean.
Battle of JushiHan troops defeat the Xiongnu, seizing the city of Jiaohe.
Battle of Zela (67 BC) Mithridates VI retakes his kingdom from Rome
66 BCBattle of the LycusPompey the Great decisively defeats Mithridates VI, effectively ending the Third Mithridatic War.
65 BC Battle of the Pelorus Pompey defeats the Iberians
63 BCBattle of MagetobrigaThe Gallic Sequani and Averni tribes and Germanic Suebi tribe led by Ariovistus defeat the Gallic Aedui tribe, which appeals to the Roman Senate for aid, which becomes a basis which leads to the Gallic Wars.
62 BCBattle of PistoriaJanuary - The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius.
61 BCBattle of HistriaBastarnae and Scythians defeat the Roman consul Gaius Antonius Hybrida.
58 BCBattle of the ArarJune - Caesar defeats the migrating Helvetii.
Battle of BibracteJuly - Caesar again defeats the Helvetii, this time decisively.
Battle of Vosges (58 BC)Caesar decisively defeats the forces of the Germanic chieftain Ariovistus near modern Belfort.
57 BCBattle of the AxonaCaesar defeats the forces of the Belgae under King Galba of Suessiones.
Battle of the SabisCaesar defeats the Nervii.
Siege of the AtuatuciCaesar conquers the Atuatuci in modern-day Belgium after sieging their capital. 4,000 were killed and the rest sold into slavery.
57-56 BCBattle of OctodurusRome under Servius Sulpicius Galba defeats the Seduni and Veragri tribes of Switzerland, but the ferocity of the battle led to the legion subsequently moving out of the Alps.
53 BCBattle of CarrhaeThe Roman Triumvir Crassus is defeated and killed by the Parthians.
52 BCBattle of BovillaeThe gangs of Clodius and Milo clash surprisingly, leading to the death of Clodius.
Siege of AvaricumJulius Caesar defeats Vercingetorix.
Battle of GergoviaCaesar is defeated by the Gallic leader Vercingetorix.
Battle of LutetiaRomans under Titus Labienus defeat Gauls under Camulogene
Battle of AlesiaCaesar defeats Vercingetorix, completing the Roman conquest of Transalpine Gaul.
51 BCSiege of UxellodunumCaesar destroys the last Gallic tribes resisting Rome
49 BCSiege of MassiliaCaesar besieges and captures Massilia, resulting in the absorption of the city into the Republic in the first battle of Caesar's Civil War.
Battle of IlerdaCaesar defeats the Spanish army of Pompey.
Battle of Utica (49 BC)C. Scribonius Curio defeats the Numidians in North Africa, cutting off supplies to Attius Varus.
Battle of the Bagradas River24 August - Caesar's general Gaius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia. Curio commits suicide.
48 BCBattle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC)10 July - Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
Battle of PharsalusJulius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey, who flees to Egypt.
Siege of OricumCaesar captures Oricum
Battle of Nicopolis (48 BC) Pharnaces II of Pontus decisively defeats a Roman army under Calvinus.
47 BCBattle of the NileFebruary - Caesar defeats the forces of the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII.
Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)Ptolemy XIII lays an unsuccessful siege on Alexandria to defeat Caesar and his sister Cleopatra VII.
Battle of ZelaAugust - Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus. This is the battle where he famously said Veni, vidi, vici. (I came, I saw, I conquered.).
46 BCBattle of Ruspina4 January - Caesar loses perhaps as much as a third of his army to Titus Labienus.
Battle of Thapsus6 February - Caesar defeats the Pompeian army of Metellus Scipio in North Africa.
45 BCBattle of Munda17 March - In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompey the Younger in Spain. Labienus is killed in the battle and the Younger Pompey captured and executed.
43 BCBattle of Forum Gallorum14 April - Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Hirtius
Battle of Mutina21 April - Antony is again defeated in battle by Hirtius, who is killed. Although Antony fails to capture Mutina, Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly thereafter.
42 BCFirst Battle of Philippi3 October - The Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius. Although Brutus defeats Octavian, Antony defeats Cassius, who commits suicide.
Second Battle of Philippi23 October - Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Antony and Octavian. Brutus escapes, but commits suicide soon after.
40 BCBattle of PerugiaMark Antony's brother Lucius Antonius and Mark Anthony's wife Fulvia are defeated by Octavian. Fulvia is exiled.
39 BCBattle of the Cilician GatesPublius Ventidius Bassus inflicts a decisive defeat on a joint Parthian-Pompeian invasion force, which results in their retreat, the capture and execution of the Pompeian leader Quintus Labienus and the re-absorption of his soldiers back into the Roman Army.
Battle of Amanus PassBassus again decisively vanquishes the Parthians, forcing them out of the Roman East and beginning to restore Roman rule to Syria and Judaea.
38 BCBattle of Mount GindarusBassus completes a trilogy of victories over the Parthians by crushing and turning back a new Parthian invasion led by Pacorus, son of King Orodes, with Pacorus being killed in the battle.
36 BCBattle of NaulochusOctavian's fleet, under the command of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeats the forces of Sextus Pompey.
Battle of ZhizhiHan forces defeat the Xiongnu and kill their chieftain Zhizhi.
31 BCBattle of Actium2 September - Octavian decisively defeats Antony and Cleopatra in a naval battle near Greece
30 BCBattle of Alexandria31 July - Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
11 BCBattle of the Lupia RiverRoman forces under Augustus's stepson Drusus win a victory in Germany.

1st century

Year Battle Description
9Battle of the Teutoburg ForestThe German leader Arminius destroys the Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus.
15Battle at Pontes LongiInconclusive battle between Rome and Germanic tribes.
16Battle of the Weser RiverLegions under Germanicus defeat German tribes of Arminius.
Battle of the Angrivarian WallLegions under Germanicus again defeat German tribes under Arminius.
23Battle of KunyangAfter being sieged for 2 months, 9,000 insurgents under Liu Xiu defeat 450,000 of Wang Mang's troops, ushering in the fall of Wang Mang and restoration of the Han Dynasty.
43Battle of the MedwayClaudius and general Aulus Plautius defeat a confederation of British Celtic tribes. Roman invasion of Britain begins.
49Siege of UspeRome-allied Aorsi defeat the Siraces, Roman–Bosporan War ends soon after.
50Battle of Caer CaradockThe British chieftain Caractacus is defeated and captured by the Romans under Ostorius Scapula.
60-61Battle of CamulodunumA British horde led by Boudica crushes most of the IX Legion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis.
61Battle of Watling StreetThe uprising of the British queen Boudica against the Romans is defeated by Suetonius Paullinus.
Siege of TigranocertaParthians siege Roman city until truce agreed to, said truce was extremely brief.
62Battle of RhandeiaRomans under Lucius Caesennius Paetus are defeated by a Parthian-Armenian army under King Tiridates of Parthia.
66Battle of Beth Horon (66)Jewish rebels defeat a Roman legion, bringing about one of Rome's most severe defeats against rebels in their history.
67Siege of YodfatRoman forces under Vespasianus and Titus sack Yodfat after 47 days, killing most of its inhabitants and enslaving the rest.
Siege of GamlaCity of Gamla besieged by Rome during the First Jewish-Roman War.
68 Battle of Vensontio Governor of Germania Superior Lucius Verginius Rufus defeats the rebellion of Gaius Julius Vindex
69Battle of Bedriacum14 April - Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho and seizes the throne.
Second Battle of Bedriacum24 October - Forces under Antonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat the forces of Emperor Vitellius.
Battle of Locus CastorumArmies of Emperors Otho and Vitellius clash in northern Italy, ending in victory for Otho's forces.
70Siege of Jerusalem (70)Titus lays siege to Jerusalem for 7 months, killing tens of thousands of Jews and destroying the Second Temple of Jerusalem.
71Battle of StanwickRoman forces defeat the Brigantes.
73Battle of YiwuluPart of an expedition against the Xiongnu, ending in Han victory.
84Battle of Mons GraupiusThe Romans under Agricola defeat the Caledonians.
87-88First Battle of TapaeBattle between the Roman emperor Domitian and the Kingdom of Dacia.
89Battle of Ikh BayanPart of an expedition against the Xiongnu, decisive Han victory with massive numbers of prisoners taken. Collapse of Xiongnu Empire.

2nd century

Year Battle Description
101Second Battle of TapaeTrajan defeats Decebalus, ending Trajan's Dacian Wars.
102Battle of AdamclisiTrajan defeats Dacians, Roxolani, & Bastarnae in modern Romania.
103Battle of GataeTrajan defeats Dacians.
106Battle of SarmizegetusaTrajan victorious in the siege of the Dacian capital of Sarmizegetusa.
140Siege of BurnswarkRomans defeat Selgovae in southern Scotland.
163Siege of EdessaParthians take city of Edessa from Rome.
165Siege of EdessaRomans retake city and massacre Parthian garrison.
Battle of CtesiphonRomans under Avidius Cassius defeat the Parthians, further weakening their Empire.
170Battle of CarnuntumRomans under Marcus Aurelius defeated by Marcomanni under Ballomar and their allies the Quadi tribe.
190Battle of XingyangDong Zhuo emerges victorious against Cao Cao.
191Battle of JieqiaoYuan Shao's infantry repulses a cavalry charge by rival warlord Gongsun Zan.
Battle of YangchengYuan Shao was beaten back by Sun Jian.
Battle of XiangyangLiu Biao emerges victorious against Sun Jian
192Battle of Chang'anForces led by Li Jue and Guo Si defeat the assassins of Dong Zhuo, Wang Yun and Lü Bu. Wang Yun captured and executed.
193Battle of CyzicusSeptimius Severus, the new Emperor, defeats his eastern rival Pescennius Niger in the Year of the Five Emperors.
Battle of NicaeaSeverus again defeats Niger.
Battle of FengqiuCao Cao emerges victorious against Yuan Shu.
194Battle of IssusSeverus defeats Niger for the last time.
Battle of Yan ProvinceCao Cao and Lü Bu battle for control of the region.
197Battle of Lugdunum19 February - Emperor Septimius Severus defeats and kills his rival Clodius Albinus, securing full control over the Empire.
Battle of WanchengCao Cao flees after Zhang Xiu attacked.
198Battle of Ctesiphon (198)Roman forces under Septimius Severus capture the Parthian capital, fatally weakening the Empire, leading to the rise of the Sassanids.
Battle of XiapiCao Cao and Liu Bei emerges victorious against Lü Bu.
199Battle of YijingYuan Shao emerges victorious against Gongsun Zan.
200Battle of GuanduCao Cao defeats Yuan Shao's numerically superior army and secures domination of the North China plain.

3rd century

Year Battle Description
202Battle of BowangLiu Bei emerges victorious against Xiahou Dun.
208Battle of XiakouSun Quan emerges victorious against Huang Zu.
Battle of ChangbanCao Cao's cavalry catch Liu Bei's forces, disperse his army, and capture most of his baggage train.
Battle of Red CliffsWar of Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao failed to conquer lands of Sun Quan and Liu Bei.
Battle of YilingSun Quan emerges victorious against Cao Cao.
209Battle of JianglingSun Quan & Liu Bei emerge victorious against Cao Cao.
211Battle of Tong PassCao Cao emerges victorious against Ma Chao.
213Siege of JichengMa Chao emerges victorious against Cao Cao.
Battle of LuchengYang Fu emerges victorious against Ma Chao.
215Battle of YangpingCao Cao emerges victorious against Zhang Lu.
Battle of BaxiZhang Fei emerges victorious against Zhang He.
217Battle of NisbisParthian troops under Artabanus IV battle the new Roman Emperor Macrinus in southern Turkey, ending in a draw.
Battle of RuxuSun Quan emerges victorious against Cao Cao.
218Battle of Antioch (218)Varius Avitus defeats Emperor Macrinus to claim the throne under the name Elagabalus.
219Battle of Mount DingjunLiu Bei emerges victorious against Cao Cao.
Battle of Han RiverLiu Bei emerges victorious against Cao Cao.
Battle of FanchengCao Ren emerges victorious against Guan Yu.
222Battle of XiaotingLiu Bei's invasion of Wu is repulsed by Sun Quan's commander Lu Xun.
224Battle of HormizdeganSassanid forces defeat the Parthians, killing King Artabanus IV and ending Parthian rule in the Middle East.
228Xincheng RebellionSima Yi emerges victorious against Meng Da.
Battle of TianshuiShu emerges victorious against Wei.
Battle of JietingPart of the First Northern Expedition.
Battle of ShitingWu emerges victorious against Wei.
229Siege of ChencangWei emerges victorious against Shu.
231Battle of Mount QiShu victory against Wei, but strategic defeat.
234Battle of Wuzhang PlainsPart of the Fifth Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang dies.
235Siege of NisbisSassanids capture city.
238Battle of CarthageTroops loyal to the Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax defeat and kill the usurper Gordian II.
Siege of AquileiaSenate has Maximinus Thrax killed and defeats his supporters.
240-241Fall of HatraSassanids take city and annex the Kingdom of Hatra.
243Battle of ResaenaRoman forces under Gordian III defeat the Persians under Shapur I. Gordian is murdered before he can exploit his victory.
244Battle of MisicheThe Sassanids defeat Roman forces under Gordian III, who is subsequently killed.
Battle of XingshiShu emerges victorious against Wei.
249Battle of VeronaThe usurper Decius defeats the army of the Emperor Philip the Arab and kills him in battle.
250Battle of PhilippopolisKing Cuiva of the Goths defeats a Roman army.
Battle of Nicopolis ad IstrumRome defeats Goths.
Battle of Beroe Goths defeat a Roman army
251Battle of AbrittusThe Goths defeat and kill the Roman Emperor Trajan Decius.
252Siege of NisbisSassanids capture city.
253Battle of BarbalissosSassanid forces under Shapur I defeat the Romans under Valerian, leading to their capture of Antioch.
Siege of AntiochSassanids take city from Romans.
255Battle of DidaoWei emerges victorious against Shu.
256Siege of Dura-EuroposSassanids defeat Romans in Syria.
259Battle of EdessaKing Shapur I of Persia defeats and captures the Roman Emperor Valerian.
Battle of MediolanumEmperor Gallienus defeats the Alamanni after their invasion of northern Italy, leading to the Romans retreating behind the Rhine.
260Siege of Caeserea CappadociaKing Shapur I of Persia takes city from Romans.
263Battle of CtesiphonSassanids under King Shapur repel siege by Palmyra under Odaenathus.
267Battle of Thermopylae (267)Roman forces unsuccessfully try to defend against the Heruli invasion of the Balkans.
Sack of AthensHeruli ravage the Greek city and leave permanent damage to its monuments.
268Battle of Lake BenacusThe Romans under Claudius II defeat the Alamanni.
269Battle of NaissusClaudius II decisively defeats the Goths, earning the surname Gothicus.
Siege of Augustodunum HaeduorumVictorinus claims the throne and defeats the forces of Emperor Claudius Gothicus.
271Battle of PlacentiaThe Emperor Aurelian is defeated by the Alemanni forces invading Italy.
Battle of FanoAurelian defeats the Alemanni, who begin to retreat from Italy.
Battle of PaviaAurelian destroys the retreating Alemanni army.
272Battle of ImmaeAurelian defeats the army of Zenobia of Palmyra.
Battle of EmesaAurelian decisively defeats Zenobia.
274Battle of ChâlonsAurelian defeats the Gallic usurper Tetricus, reestablishing central control of the whole empire.
285Battle of the MargusThe usurper Diocletian defeats the army of the Emperor Carinus, who is killed.
296Battle of CarrhaeThe Romans under the Caesar Galerius are defeated by the Persians under Narseh.
298Battle of SatalaThe Romans under the Caesar Galerius rout the Persians under Narseh.
Battle of LingonesThe Caesar Constantius Chlorus defeats the Alemanni.
Battle of VindonissaConstantius again defeats the Alemanni.

See also

  • List of Roman battles

References

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