List of predecessors of sovereign states in Africa

This is a list of all present sovereign states in Africa[1] and their predecessors. The region of Africa is generally defined geographically to include the subregions of African continent, Madagascar island, Mauritius Island and several minor islands, and their respective sovereign states. Africa was originally colonised by Europeans with Southern Africa primarily by the British, and the West Africa and North Africa primarily by the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Today, Africa consists of 54 sovereign states of various government types, the most common consisting of parliamentary systems.

Sovereign state Predecessors
Algeria Since 1.8 Million BC, humans have been seattled in Algeria as demonstrated by the discovery of Oldowan stone tools found at Ain Hanech in 1992.[2]

Inhabited by Aterians (80,000-20,000 BC)
Inhabited by Iberomaurusians (20,000-10,000 BC)
Inhabited by Caspians (10,000-2500 BC)
Part of Phoenicia (2500-539 BC)
Part of the Carthaginian Empire (814-202 BC)
Kingdom of Numidia (202-40 BC)
Mauretania Caesariensis (40 BC-395 AD) (province of the  Roman Empire)
Mauretania Caesariensis (395-435) (province of the Western Roman Empire)
Center of the Vandal Kingdom (435-439)
Part of the Vandal Kingdom (439-534)
Kingdom of the Aurès (484-703)
Part of the Exarchate of Africa (590-698) (a division of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)
Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750-778)
Rustamid Imamate (778-909)
Part of the Aghlabid Emirate (800-909)
Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (909-973)
Center of the Zirid Emirate (973-1014)
Part of the Zirid Emirate (1014-1148)
Hammadid Kingdom (1014–1152)
Part of the Almohad Caliphate (1152–1235)
Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1554)
Eyalet of Aljazayer (1515–1830) (Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire)
French Algeria (1830–1962) (part of the French Empire, being a integral region of the metropole)
 People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (1962–present)

Angola The territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era, hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups, tribes and kingdoms (like the kingdoms of Kongo, Ndongo and Matamba).
State of West Africa (1575–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Overseas Province of Angola (1951-1972) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
State of Angola (1972-1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992)
 Republic of Angola (1992–present)
Benin Kingdom of Dahomey (c.1600–1894)
Kingdom of Dahomey (French Protectorate) (1894-1904)
French Dahomey (1904–1958) (part of French West Africa, federation of colonies within of the French Empire)
 Republic of Dahomey (1958–1975) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 4 December 1958, full independent state on 1 August 1960)
People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990)
 Republic of Benin (1990–present)
Botswana The territory of Botswana has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era. The original inhabitants of southern Africa were the tribal San and Khoi peoples.
Tribal Bantu-speaking peoples first moved into the country from the north (c.600 AD)
Bechuanaland Protectorate (1885–1966) (part of the British Empire)
 Republic of Botswana (1966–present)
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso was divided in several Mossi Kingdoms (11th century-1896)
Part of the French West Africa, a federation of colonies of the French Empire (1896-1919)
French Upper Volta (1919–1958) (part of French West Africa)
Republic of Upper Volta (1958–1984) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 11 December 1958, full independent state on 5 August 1960)
 Burkina Faso (1984–present)
Burundi Kingdom of Burundi (17th century–1890)
Kingdom of Burundi, part of German East Africa (1891–1916) (part of the German Empire)
Kingdom of Burundi under military occupation of the Belgian Empire (1916-1922)
Kingdom of Burundi, part of the Mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (1922–1946) (a League of Nations Mandate territory administered by Belgium)
Kingdom of Burundi, part of the Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi (1946-1962) (a United Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium)
Kingdom of Burundi (independent state) (1962–1966)
 Republic of Burundi (1966–present)
Cameroon The territory of Cameroon has been inhabited since the Neolithic Era, hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups, tribes, fondoms and kingdoms (such as the kingdoms of Kotoko, Mandara and Bamum)
German Kamerun (1884–1916) (part of the German Empire)
French Cameroun (1918–1960) (a League of Nations Mandate and later a United Nations Trust Territory administered by France)
British Cameroons (1922–1961) (a League of Nations Mandate and later a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom)
Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972)
United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984)
 Republic of Cameroon (1984–present)
Cabo Verde Before the discovery by the Portuguese, the archipelago was uninhabited
Portuguese Cape Verde, every island had its own captain (governor) (1462–1587) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Portuguese Cape Verde, unified colony (1587-1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Overseas Province of Cape Verde (1951-1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Republic of Cape Verde (1975–2013)
 Republic of Cabo Verde (2013–present)
Central African Republic The territory of Central African Republic has been inhabited since the Neolithic Era, hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups
Ubangi-Shari (1903–1958) (part of French Equatorial Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Central African Republic (1958–1976) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 1 December 1958, full independent state on 13 August 1960)
Central African Empire (1976–1979)
 Central African Republic (resumed) (1979–present)
Chad The territory of Chad has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era
Kanem–Bornu Empire (c.700-1900)
Sultanate of Bagirmi (1480/1522-1897)
Wadai Sultanate (1501-1912)
French Chad (1900–1960) (part of French Equatorial Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
 Republic of Chad (1958–present) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 28 November 1958, full independent state on 11 August 1960)
Comoros The archipelago was first inhabited circa 1000 BC. The Comoros have been inhabited by various groups throughout this time.
Territory of the Comoros, part of the French Empire (1886-1912)
Part of French Madagascar and Comoros, part of the French Empire (1912–1946)
Separated administered as Territory of Comoros (1946–1975) (self-governing colony of the French Empire in 1961)
State of Comoros, full independent state (1975–1978)
Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros (1978–2001)
 Union of the Comoros, a federal state (2001–present)
Congo, Republic of Since 80,000 BC humans has been settled from with tribes, chiefdoms and confederations.
Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1914)
Kingdom of Loango (c. 1550–c. 1883)
French Congo (1882–1960) (part of French Equatorial Africa within the French Empire since 1910)
Republic of the Congo (1958–1969) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 15 September 1959, full independent state on 15 August 1960)
People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992)
 Republic of the Congo (resumed) (1992–present)
Congo, Democratic Republic of Since 80,000 BC humans has been settled from with tribes, chiefdoms and confederations.
Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1877)
Kingdom of Luba (1585–1889)
Kingdom of Lunda (c. 1600–1887)
Anziku Kingdom (c. 1620-1880)
Kuba Kingdom (1625-1884)
Kingdom of Chokwe (1800–1891)
Kingdom of Yeke (1856–1891)
Congo Free State, state in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium (it was a sovereign entity, a private domain of King Leopold II of Belgium)(1877–1908)
Belgian Congo (1908-1960) (part of the Belgian Empire
Republic of the Congo (1960–1964)
Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)
Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)
 Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present) (resumed)
Côte d'Ivoire Possibly since the Upper Paleolithic humans have been settled before 1460.
Divided in many states like the Kong Empire (1710-1898) and the Kingdom of Sanwi (1740-1843) and having parts of states like Gyaaman (c. 1450–1895) and the Ashanti Empire (1670/1701–1821)
French Ivory Coast (1893–1958) (part of French West Africa, federation of colonial possesions of the French Empire)
Republic of Ivory Coast(1958-1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 4 Dezember 1959, full independent state on 7 August 1960)
Republic of Ivory Coast, full independent state (1960–1986)
 Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (1986–present)
Djibouti The Djibouti area has been inhabited since the Neolithic.
Part of the Sultanate of Ifat (1285-1415)
Part of the Sultanate of Adal (1415–1577)
Part of the Egypt Eyalet, part of the Ottoman Empire (1577-1862)
Ruled by Afar and Somali sultans (1862-1883)
French Somaliland (1883–1967) (part of the French Empire: a French Colony [1896–1946], later a French Overseas Territory [1946–1967])
French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1967-1977) (French Overseas Territory)
 Republic of Djibouti (1977–present)
Egypt Since 598,000 BC humans have been settled starting within a 30-metre (100 ft) terrace, with primitive Acheulean and Abbevillian (Chellean).[3]

1st–2nd Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Early Dynastic Period (Unified by Pharaoh Menes or probably Narmer, founder of the First Dynasty between Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt). (3150–2575 BC)
3rd–7th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2575–2150 BC)
8th–10th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the First Intermediate Period of Egypt: divided in many states (2181–2055 BC)
11th and 12th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, reunified as the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2055–1650 BC)
13th–17th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: divided in many states (1650–1550 BC)
18th–20th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, reunified as a New Kingdom of Egypt (1550–1069 BC)
21st–25th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt: divided in many states (1069–664 BC)
26th Dynasty of Late Period of Ancient Egypt, reunified (664–525 BC)
First Egyptian Satrapy, part of the Achaemenid Empire as the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC)
28th–30th Dynasties of Late Period of Ancient Egypt (404–343 BC)
Second Egyptian Satrapy, part of the Achaemenid Empire as the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC)
Part of the Macedonian Empire (Argead dynasty) (332–323 BC)
Ptolemaic Kingdom (332–30 BC)
Province of Egypt (30 BC-324 AD) (part of the  Roman Empire)
Province of Egypt (324-641) (part of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Province of Egypt (619-629) (part of the Sasanian Empire)
Part of the Rashidun Caliphate (641–661)
Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–868)
Tulunid Emirate, the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt since the Ptolemaic dynasty (868–905)
Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (868–935)
Ikhshidid State, autonomous state within the Abbasid Caliphate (935–969)
Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (969–973)
Center of the Fatimid Caliphate, second independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (973–1171)
Center of the Ayyubid Sultanate, third independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (1171–1174)
Part of the Ayyubid Sultanate (1174–1218)
Center of the Ayyubid Sultanate (1218–1250)
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (two independent dynasties: Baḥrī and Burjī dynasties) (1250–1517)
Eyalet of Egypt, part of the  Ottoman Empire (1517–1867) (the Muhammad Ali dynasty became the hereditary governors [Wali] of the eyalet in 1805)
Occupied by the First French Empire (1798–1801)
Khedivate of Egypt, a de jure Ottoman autonomous viceroyalty (the viceroys [khedives] was from the Muhammad Ali dynasty)(Occupied by the  British Empire from 1882 to 1922)(1867–1914)
Sultanate of Egypt (Muhammad Ali dynasty), part of the  British Empire (British protectorate) (1914–1922)
Kingdom of Egypt (Muhammad Ali dynasty) (1922–1953)
Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)
 United Arab Republic (In union with  Syria) (1958–1971)
Arab Republic of Egypt(1971–present)

Equatorial Guinea The first inhabitants of the region that is now Equatorial Guinea are believed to have been Pygmies, of whom only isolated pockets remain in northern Río Muni. Bantu peoples arrived in the region between the 17th and 19th centuries.
The Annobón population, originally from Angola, were brought by the Portuguese via São Tomé.
Part of the Portuguese Empire (1474-1778)
Spanish Guinea (1778-1968) (part of the Spanish Empire)
 Republic of Equatorial Guinea (1968–present)
Eritrea Part of Dʿmt (c. 980 BC–c. 400 BC )
Part of the Kingdom of Aksum (c. 100 AD – c. 940 AD )
Medri Bahri kingdom (1137–1889)
Part of the  Ottoman Empire (1555–1879)
Part of the Ethiopian Empire (1879–1889)
Colony of Eritrea (1890–1936) (part of the Italian Empire)
Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941) (part of the Italian Empire)
British Occupation of Eritrea (1941–1950)
Part of Ethiopia (1950–1993)
 State of Eritrea (1993–present)
Eswatini (Swaziland) Kingdom of Swaziland (1740s–1906)
Protectorate of Swaziland (1906–1968) (Part of the British Empire)
 Kingdom of Swaziland (1968–2018)
 Kingdom of Eswatini (2018–present)
Ethiopia Kingdom of D'mt (c. 980 BC-c. 400 BC)
 Kingdom of Aksum (c. 80 BC–c. 940 AD)
Kingdom of Semien (c.325-1627)
 Zagwe dynasty (900–1270)
Part of the Sultanate of Ifat (1285–1415)
Adal Sultanate (1415–1577)
Imamate of Aussa (1577–1672)
Emirate of Harar (1647–1887)
Sultanate of Aussa (1734–1936)
Ethiopian Empire (1137–1936; 1941–1974) (also known as Abyssinian Empire before World War II)
Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941) (Part of the Italian Empire)
Socialist Ethiopia, officially the Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia (1974–1987)
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Transitional Government of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995–present) (a federal state formed by 10 regional states and 2 chartered cities)
Gabon The earliest inhabitants of the area were Pygmy peoples. They were largely replaced and absorbed by tribal Bantu peoples as they migrated
Part of the French Empire as a protectorate (1839-1910)
French Gabon (1910–1958) (part of French Equatorial Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Gabonese Republic (1958-1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 28 November 1958, full independent state on 17 August 1960)
 Gabonese Republic, full independent state (1960–present)
Gambia Part of the Mali Empire (1287–1480)
Gambia Colony and Protectorate (1821–1965) (Part of the British Empire)
The Gambia, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1965-1970)
Republic of The Gambia (1970–1982)
Republic of The Gambia, in union with Senegal in the Senegambia Confederation (1982-1989)
Republic of The Gambia (1989-2015)
Islamic Republic of The Gambia (2015–2017)
 Republic of The Gambia (2017–present) (resumed)
Ghana From the 13th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan states of Ghana, mainly based on gold trading.[4] These states included Bonoman, Kingdom of Ashanti, Denkyira, Mankessim Kingdom and Akwamu.
Kingdom of Dagbon (1250-1888)
Mankessim Kingdom (1252–1844)
Portuguese Gold Coast (1482–1642)
Dutch Gold Coast (1598-1872) (Part of the Dutch Empire)
Danish Gold Coast (1658-1850) (Part of the Danish Empire)
Swedish Gold Coast (1650-1663) (Part of the Swedish Empire)
Ashanti Empire (1670-1821)
Branderberger/Prussian Gold Coast (1682-1721) (colony of Brandenburg-Prussia, later Prussia)
British Gold Coast (1821–1957) (Part of the British Empire)
Ghana, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1957-1960)
 Republic of Ghana (1960–present)
Guinea Center of the Mali Empire (1230-1559) (capital city in Niani, Guinea)
Part of the Mali Empire (1559-1610) (capital city moved to Kangaba, Mali)
Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1896)
Wassoulou Empire (1878–1898)
French Guinea (1894–1958) (in 1904 became a part of the French West Africa, a federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Republic of Guinea (1958–1979)
People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1979–1984)
 Republic of Guinea (1984–present) (resumed)
Guinea-Bissau Part of the Mali Empire (1251-1537)
Kaabu Kingdom (1537–1867)
Portuguese Guinea (1474–1879), dependency of Portuguese Cape Verde (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
Portuguese Guinea, colony separated from Cape Verde (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
Overseas Province of Guinea (1951-1972) (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
State of Guinea (1972-1974) (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
 Republic of Guinea-Bissau (1972–present)
Kenya What is now Kenya has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period.
As Bantu city-states settled on the coast, several nomadic tribes inhabited the rest of what is today Kenya.
c.1st century AD: The Kenyan coast had served host to communities of ironworkers and communities of Bantu subsistence farmers, hunters, and fishers who supported the economy with agriculture, fishing, metal production, and trade with foreign countries. These communities formed the earliest city-states (like Mombasa and Malindi) in the region which were collectively known as Azania.[5]
Part of the Kilwa Sultanate (957–1513)
Part of the Portuguese Empire (1505-1698)
Part of the Omani Empire (1698–1856)
Part of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856-1895)
East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920) (Part of the British Empire)
Colony and Protectorate of Kenya (1920–1963) (Part of the British Empire)
Kenya, a monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1963–1964)
 Republic of Kenya (1964–present)
Lesotho Kingdom of Lesotho (1822–1884)
Basutoland (1884–1966) (Part of the British Empire)
 Kingdom of Lesotho (resumed) (1966–present)
Liberia Colony of Liberia (1821–1847)
 Republic of Liberia (1847–present)
Libya Archaeological evidence indicates that the coastal plain was inhabited by Neolithic peoples (ancestors to the Bebers) from as early as 8000 BCE.
Phoenicians and Ancient Greeks arrived in the country in the 7th century BC and established colonies and cities. The Phoenicians are fixed in Tripolitania, and the Greeks, in Cyrenaica. Fezzan was home to a Beber people known as Garamantes
Divided between the Achaemenid Empire (Satrapy of Libya; Cyrenaica) and the Carthaginian Monarchy, later the Carthaginian Republic (Tripolitania) (525 BC–331 BC)
Divided between the Empire of Alexander the Great (Cyrenaica) and the Carthaginian Republic (Tripolitania) (331 BC–323 BC)
Divided between the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) and the Carthaginian Republic (Tripolitania) (323 BC–201 BC)
Part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) (201 BC–107 BC)
Part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) (201 BC–107 BC)
Divided between the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) and the Roman Republic (Tripolitania) (107 BC–95 BC)
Africa proconsularis (Tripolitania) and Crete and Cyrenaica (later divided in Libya Pentapolis and Libya sicaa), provinces of the Roman Republic (later the Roman Empire) (97 BC – AD 395)
Divided between the Eastern Roman Empire (Provinces of Libya Pentapolis and Libya sicca) and the Western Roman Empire (Province of Tripolitania) (395–439)
Divided between the Eastern Roman Empire (Provinces of Libya Pentapolis and Libya sicca) and the Vandal Kingdom (Tripolitania) (439–533)
Part of the Exarchate of Africa (553–648) (Part of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Part of the Rashidun Caliphate (648–656)
Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (663–683)
Divided between the Umayyad Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Eastern Roman Empire (Tripoitania) (683–694)
Part of the Umayyad Caliphate (694–750)
Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–800)
Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (800–868)
Divided between the Tulunid Emirate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (868–906)
Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (906–909)
Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Fatimid Caliphate (Tripolitania) (909–969)
Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (969-945)
Divided between the Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Fatimid Caliphate (Tripolitania) (945–961)
Part of the Fatimid Caliphate (961–973)

Divided between the Fatimid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Zirid Emirate (Tripolitania)(973–1051)
Inhabited by Arabic and Berber tribes (1051–1148)
Part of the Kingdom of Africa (Tripolitania) (1148–1159)
Part of the Almohad Caliphate (Tripolitania) (1159–1184)
Inhabited by Arabic and Berber tribes (1184–1404)
Part of the Sultanate of Tunis (Tripolitania) (1404–1551)
Eyalet of Tripolitania (1551–1864) (Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire)
Vilayet of Tripolitania (1864-1912) (Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire)
Italian Libya (1911–1943) (Part of the Italian Empire)
Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922)
British Military Administration of Libya (1942–1951) (Part of the Allied administration of Libya)
French Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (Part of the Allied administration of Libya)
Emirate of Cyrenaica (1949–1951)
Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969) (called United Kingdom of Lybia until 1963)
Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011) (before 1986 without the word "Great" in the full name of the country)
 State of Libya (Sometimes refer to as Libya) (2011–present)

Madagascar Human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and 550 AD by Indianized Austronesian peoples, arriving on outrigger canoes from Indonesia.
Around the 9th century AD Bantu migrants crossed the Mozambique Channel from East Africa.
By the Middle Ages, over a dozen predominant ethnic identities had emerged on the island, typified by rule under a local chieftain. Among some communities, such as the Sakalava, Merina and Betsimisaraka, leaders seized the opportunity to unite these disparate communities and establish true kingdoms under their rule.
The island of Madagascar was divided in many states, one of this states was the Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1840)
Most of the island was unified by the Kingdom of Imerina (1840-1882)
Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897) (Part of the French Empire)
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958) (Part of the French Empire)
Malagasy Republic (1958-1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 14 October 1958, full independent state on 26 June 1960)
Malagasy Republic (1960–1975)
Democratic Republic of Madagascar (1975–1992)
 Republic of Madagascar (1992–present)
Malawi The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled by migrating Bantu groups around the 10th century.
Kingdom of Maravi (1480-1891)
British Central Africa Protectorate (1893–1907) (Part of the British Empire)
Nyasaland Protectorate (1907–1953; 1963–1964) (Part of the British Empire)
Part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1964) (Part of the British Empire)
Malawi, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1964-1966)
 Republic of Malawi (1966–present)
Mali  Ghana Empire (c. 700–c. 1240)
 Mali Empire (c. 1240–c. 1464)
 Songhai Empire (c. 1464–1591)
 Kénédougou Kingdom (c. 1600–1880)
French Sudan (1880–1958) (part of French West Africa, 1902–1904 referred as Senegambia and Niger; 1904–1921 referred as Upper Senegal and Niger)
Sudanese Republic (1958–1960) (autonomous republic within French Community)
Mali Federation (1960) (United together with Senegal from June to August 1960)
 Republic of Mali (1960–present)
Mauritania Colony of Mauritania (1903–1960)
 Islamic Republic of Mauritania (1960–present)
Mauritius Isle de France (1715–1810) (French colony)
British Mauritius (1810–1968)
Mauritius (1968–1992)
 Republic of Mauritius (1992–present)
Morocco Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147)
Almohad Caliphate (1121–1269)
Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465)
Wattasid Kingdom (1472–1554)
Saadi Kingdom (1549–1659)
Cherifan Kingdom (1666–1912)
French protectorate in Morocco (1912–1955)
Spanish protectorate in Morocco (1912–1956)
Tangier International Zone (1924–1956)
Spanish Sahara Overseas Province (1884–1975) (1946–1958 part of Spanish West Africa)
Western Sahara occupied by Morocco (1975–present) (not recognized by some countries of the World)

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present) (incorporated in territories not occupied by Moroccan forces, not recognized by some countries of the World)
 Kingdom of Morocco (1956–present)

Mozambique Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975) (sometimes referred to as Portuguese East Africa)
People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990)
 Republic of Mozambique (1990–present)
Namibia German South West Africa (1884–1915)
South West Africa (1915–1990) (a League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa, known as Namibia by the UN since 1968)
 Republic of Namibia (1990–present)
Niger Upper Senegal and Niger (1904–1921) (within French West Africa)
Colony of Niger (1922–1960) (within French West Africa)
 Republic of Niger (1960–present)
Nigeria Bornu Empire (1380–1893)
Oyo Empire (c. 1300–1896)
Benin Empire (1180–1897)
Wukari Federation (c. 1840–c. 1900)
Aro Confederacy (1690–1902)
Kano Emirate (1807–1903)
Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)
Kingdom of Nri (948–1911)
Niger Coast Protectorate (1884–1900) (originally established as the Oil Rivers Protectorate 1884–1893)
Lagos Colony (1862–1906)
Northern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914)
Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914)
Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria (1914–1960)
Federation of Nigeria (1960–1963)
 Federal Republic of Nigeria (1963–present)
Rwanda Part of German East Africa (1891–1919)
Part of Ruanda-Urundi Trust Territory (1922–1962)
Kingdom of Rwanda (1962)
 Republic of Rwanda (1962–present)
São Tomé and Príncipe Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (1470–1975)
 Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–present)
Senegal French Senegal (part of French West Africa) (1848–1960)

Mali Federation (1960) (United together with Mali from June to August 1960)
Senegambia Confederation (1982–1989) (A loose confederation in the late 20th century between Senegal and its neighbour The Gambia)
 Republic of Senegal (1960–present)

Seychelles Colony of Seychelles (1903–1976)
 Republic of Seychelles (1976–present)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate (1808–1961)
Sierra Leone (1961–1971)
 Republic of Sierra Leone (1971–present)
Somalia  Sultanate of Mogadishu (c. 900- 1500s)
Ajuran Empire (c. 1200- 1600s)
 Warsangali Sultanate (1218–1886)
 Ifat Sultanate (1285–1415)
Adal Sultanate (1415–1577)
 Geledi Sultanate (1600s −1910)
Majerteen Sultanate (c.1800 – 1924)
Sultanate of Hobyo (1884–1925)

Italian Somaliland (1889–1936)
Dervish state (1889–1920)
Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941)
British Military Administration of Somaliland (1941–1949)
United Nations Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960)
British Somaliland (1884–1940; 1941–1960)
State of Somaliland (1960)
Somali Republic (1960–1969)
Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991)
Republic of Somalia (1991–2012) (no central government existed, notable regimes included Interim Government of Somalia 1991–1997, Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia 2000–2004, Transitional Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia 2004–2012)
 Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present)

South Africa Dutch Cape Colony (1652–1795)
Cape Colony (1795–1910)
Colony of Natal (1843–1910)
South African Republic (1852–1877; 1881–1902; 1914–1915)
Transvaal Colony (1877–1881; 1902–1910)
Orange Free State (1854–1902)
Orange River Colony (1902–1910)
Union of South Africa (1910–1961)
 Republic of South Africa (1961–present)
South Sudan Part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
Part of Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
Part of Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)
Part of Republic of the Sudan (resumed) (1985–2011)
 Republic of South Sudan (2011–present)
Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)
 Republic of the Sudan (resumed) (1985–present)
Tanzania German East Africa (1891–1919)
Territory of Tanganyika (1922–1961)
Republic of Tanganyika (1961–1964)
Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1964)
People's Republic of Zanzibar (1964)
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964)
 United Republic of Tanzania (1964–present)
Togo German Togoland (1884–1916)
British Togoland (1916–1956) (League of Nations Mandate Territory, United Nations Trust Territory)
French Togoland (1916–1960) (League of Nations Mandate Territory, United Nations Trust Territory)
 Togolese Republic (1960–present)
Tunisia Eyalet of Tunis (1574–1705) (Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire)
Beylik of Tunis (1705–1881) (Beylik of the Ottoman Empire)
French protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956)
Kingdom of Tunisia(1956–1957)
 Republic of Tunisia (1957–present)
Uganda Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962)
Uganda (1962–1963)
 Republic of Uganda (1963–present)
Zambia Part of British South Africa Company Territories (1890–1924)
Northern Rhodesia Protectorate (1924–1953; 1963–1964)
Part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963)
 Republic of Zambia (1963–present)
Zimbabwe Part of British South Africa Company Territories (1890–1923)
Colony of Southern Rhodesia (1923–1953; 1963–1965; 1979–1980)

Part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963)
Rhodesia (1965–1979) (Unilateral declaration of independence;from 1970 to 1979 Republic of Rhodesia)
Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979)
 Republic of Zimbabwe (1980–present)

See also

References
  1. "United Nations Statistics Division – Countries of Africa". Millenniumindicators.un.org. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  2. "The Site of Ain Hanech Revisited: New Investigations at this Lower Pleistocene Site in Northern Algeria" (PDF). Gi,ulpgc.es. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  3. Langer, William L., ed. (1972). An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 9. ISBN 0-395-13592-3.
  4. The Techiman-Bono of Ghana: an ethnography of an Akan society Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1975
  5. "Wonders of the African World". PBS. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.