List of wettest tropical cyclones by country
This is a list of wettest tropical cyclones by country, using all known available sources. Data is most complete for Australia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Japan, Hong Kong, Mexico, Taiwan, Micronesia's Yap and Chuuk, and the United States, with fragmentary data available for other countries. The French region of Réunion holds several world records for tropical cyclone and worldwide rainfall, due to the rough topography and its location in the Indian Ocean.[1]
Below are the records for each country above.
Antigua and Barbuda
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 465.3 | 18.32 | Lenny 1999 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [2] |
2 | 252.5 | 9.94 | Luis 1995 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
3 | 245.8 | 9.68 | Frederic 1979 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
4 | 232.6 | 9.16 | Omar 2008 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
5 | 198.3 | 7.81 | Earl 2010 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
6 | 194.1 | 7.64 | Jose 1999 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
7 | 188.9 | 7.44 | Hugo 1989 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
8 | 163.6 | 6.44 | Daisy 1962 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
9 | 159.2 | 6.27 | Iris 1995 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
10 | 146.9 | 5.78 | Rafael 2012 | V. C. Bird International Airport | [3] |
Australia
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1,947 | 76.65 | Peter 1979 | Mount Bellenden Ker | [4] |
2 | 1,870 | 73.62 | Rona–Frank 1999 | Mount Bellenden Ker | [4] |
3 | 1,318 | 51.89 | Wanda 1974 | Mount Glorious | [5] |
4 | 1,256.8 | 49.48 | Fletcher 2014 | Kowanyama | [6][7] |
5 | 1,082 | 42.60 | Aivu 1989 | Dalrymple Heights | [8] |
6 | 1,065 | 41.93 | May 1998 | Burketown | [9] |
7 | 1,000 | 39.37 | Justin 1997 | Willis Island | [10] |
7 | 1,000 | 39.37 | Ellie 2009 | [11] | |
7 | 1,000 | 39.37 | Oswald 2013 | Tully | [12] |
8 | 986 | 38.82 | Debbie 2017 | Clarke Range | [13] |
Christmas Island
Christmas Island is an Australian territory located in the Indian Ocean located at the summit of a submarine mountain, which rises steeply to a central plateau that is dominated by stands of rainforest.[14] After rainfall and wind observations started on the island during 1972, only 13 tropical cyclones passed within 220 km (135 mi) of the territory between 1972 and 2005.[14]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 368.2 | 14.5 | Dahlia 2017 | Christmas Island Airport | [15] |
2 | 181.0 | 7.13 | Gillian 2014 | Christmas Island Airport | [16] |
3 | 102.4 | 4.03 | Jacob 2007 | Christmas Island Airport | [17] |
4 | 65.0 | 2.56 | Cecily 1973 | [18] | |
5 | 52.8 | 2.08 | Rosie 2008 | Christmas Island Airport | [19] |
6 | 38 | 1.50 | Norah 1974 | [20] | |
7 | 17 | 0.67 | Denise 1975 | [21] |
Cocos Islands
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are an Australian territory of 27 coral islands that are formed into two large coral atolls and cover an area of around 36 km2 (14 sq mi) of the Indian Ocean to the northwest of Perth, Australia.[14] Rainfall observations started on the islands during 1907, while temperature, wind and other records started in 1952.[14] Between 1952 and 2005 27 tropical cyclones caused storm force wind gusts of over 90 km/h (55 mph) on the islands, while only four caused hurricane-force gusts of over 125 km/h (80 mph).[14]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 844.6 | 33.25 | 11U 2013 | Cocos Island Airport | [22] |
2 | 298.0 | 11.73 | Pedro 1989 | [14] | |
3 | 170.0 | 6.69 | Walter 2001 | [23] | |
4 | 160.0 | 6.30 | Adeline-Juliet 2005 | [24] | |
5 | 127.0 | 5.00 | Deidre-Dalida 1973 | [25] | |
6 | 115.0 | 4.53 | Bruce 2013 | Cocos Island Airport | [26][27] |
7 | 107.6 | 4.24 | Kate 2014 | Cocos Island Airport | [28][29] |
8 | 89.4 | 3.52 | Norah 1974 | [20] | |
9 | 66.9 | 2.63 | Annie 1973 | [30] | |
10 | 56.0 | 2.20 | Anggrek 2010 | Cocos Island Airport | [31] |
Bahamas
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 747.5 | 29.43 | Noel 2007 | Long Island | [32] |
2 | 580.1 | 22.84 | Dorian 2019 | Hope Town | [33] |
3 | 500.3 | 19.70 | Matthew 2016 | Matthew Town, Inagua | [34] |
4 | 436.6 | 17.19 | Flora 1963 | Duncan Town | [35] |
5 | 390.1 | 15.36 | Inez 1966 | Nassau Airport | [35] |
6 | 337.1 | 13.27 | Fox 1952 | New Providence | [35] |
7 | 321.1 | 12.64 | Michelle 2001 | Nassau | [36] |
8 | 309.4 | 12.18 | Erin 1995 | Church Grove | [37] |
9 | 260.0 | 9.88 | Fay 2008 | Freeport | [38] |
10 | 236.7 | 9.32 | Floyd 1999 | Little Harbor Abacos | [39] |
Bangladesh
Bangladesh has been the scene of the greatest tropical cyclone casualties in recent times. The country is quite flat and generally lies near sea level.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1,051.2 | 41.39 | Komen 2015 | Chittagong | [40] |
2 | ~300 | ~12.00 | Rashmi 2008 | [41] | |
3 | 280 | 11.02 | Monsoon Depression — Sep. 2004 | Barisal | [42] |
4 | 253 | 10.00 | Viyaru 2013 | Patuakhali | [43] |
5 | 227.2 | 8.94 | Trop. Depression — Oct. 2004 | Rangpur | [44] |
6 | 220.0 | 8.66 | Bhola 1970 | Maya Bandar | [45] |
7 | 200 | 7.87 | Sidr 2007 | [46] | |
8 | 130 | 5.11 | Aila 2009 | Chittagong | [47] |
9 | 129 | 5.07 | Bijli 2009 | [48] | |
10 | 53 | 2.13 | Akash 2007 | [49] |
Belize
This country has terrain mainly across its southern sections, with elevations up to about 3,700 feet (1,100 m).[50] The highest reported rainfall in what was formerly British Honduras occurred during Hurricane Keith in 2000 when 32.67 inches (830 mm) of rain fell in a 24‑hour period at Phillip Goodson International Airport in Belize City.[51] Equally heavy rains could have fallen during Hurricane Hattie of 1961 and Hurricane Fifi of 1974.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 829.8 | 32.67 | Keith 2000 | Philip Goldson Airport | [52] |
2 | 546.6 | 21.52 | Sixteen 2008 | Baldy Beacon | [53] |
3 | 249.2 | 9.81 | Chantal 2001 | Towerhill | [54] |
4 | 246.0 | 9.69 | Mitch 1998 | Central Farm Meteorological Station | [55] |
5 | 241.0 | 9.49 | Gert 1993 | Hunting Caye | [56] |
6 | 179.0 | 7.05 | Greta 1978 | Central Farm Meteorological Station | [55] |
7 | 152.4 | 6.00 | Fifi 1974 | La Placencia | [57] |
8 | 131.0 | 5.16 | Hermine 1980 | Central Farm Meteorological Station | [55] |
9 | 101.6 | 4.00 | Iris 2001 | [58] | |
10 | 68.0 | 2.68 | Opal 1995 | Central Farm Meteorological Station | [55] |
Cambodia
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 404.1 | 15.91 | Linda 1997 | Kompot | [59] |
2 | 240.0 | 9.45 | Violet 1964 | Paksa | [60] |
3 | 30.5 | 1.20 | Faith 1998 | Kompong Cham | [61] |
Canada
Tropical cyclones are usually in transition to extratropical cyclones by the time they reach Atlantic Canada, though occasionally they retain their tropical status. No tropical cyclone has ever hit Canada's Pacific coast.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 302.0 | 11.89 | Harvey 1999 | Oxford, NS | [62] |
2 | 249.9 | 9.84 | Beth 1971 | Halifax, NS | [63] |
3 | 238.0 | 9.37 | Igor 2010 | St. Lawrence, NL | [64] |
4 | 224.8 | 8.85 | Matthew 2016 | Sydney, NS | [65] |
5 | 213.6 | 8.41 | Hazel 1954 | Snelgrove, ON | [66] |
6 | 200.4 | 7.89 | Chantal 2007 | Argentia, NL | [67] |
7 | 191.0 | 7.52 | Bertha 1990 | Hunter's Mountain, NS | [68] |
8 | 185.0 | 7.28 | Sandy 2012 | Charlevoix, QC | [69] |
9 | 175.0 | 6.90 | Gabrielle 2001 | St. John's, NL | [70] |
10 | 165.0 | 6.50 | Cristobal 2008 | Baccaro Point, NS | [71] |
10 | 165.0 | 6.50 | Leslie 2012 | Shubenacadie, NS | [72] |
China
China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1,062 millimetres (41.8 in) fell in Henan during a 24‑hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73‑year‑old record.[73] Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) of liquid equivalent precipitation to Che-Ku county in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[74]
Mainland
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2749.0 | 108.21 | Carla 1967 | Hsin-Liao | [75] |
2 | 1248.0 | 49.13 | Gloria 1963 | Paishih | [75] |
3 | 1062.0 | 41.81 | Nina 1975 | ||
4 | 831.1 | 32.72 | Fitow 2001 | [76] | |
5 | 806.0 | 31.73 | Soudelor 2015 | Wenzhou | [77] |
6 | 703.5 | 27.70 | Rananim 2004 | [78] | |
7 | >600.0 | >24.00 | Haikui 2012 | Anhui Province | [79] |
8 | 555.0 | 21.85 | Chanchu 2006 | [80] | |
9 | >400.0 | >15.74 | Saola 2012 | [81] | |
10 | 360.6 | 14.20 | Bilis 2006 | Guangdong | [82] |
Hong Kong
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 616.5 | 24.27 | Sam 1999 | Hong Kong Observatory | [83] |
2 | 597.0 | 23.50 | July 1926 Typhoon | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
3 | 562.0 | 22.13 | June 1916 Typhoon | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
4 | 530.7 | 20.89 | Agnes 1965 | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
5 | 519.0 | 20.43 | Agnes 1978 | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
6 | 516.1 | 20.32 | Ellen 1976 | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
7 | 497.5 | 19.59 | Dot 1993 | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
8 | 491.7 | 19.36 | Dot 1982 | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
9 | 480.9 | 18.93 | Helen 1995 | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
10 | 473.2 | 18.63 | August 1904 Typhoon | Royal Observatory, Hong Kong | [83] |
Costa Rica
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 920.0 | 36.22 | Cesar 1996 | Alto de Tinamaste | [84] |
2 | 487.4 | 19.19 | Nate 2017 | Maritima | [85] |
3 | 466.6 | 18.37 | Mitch 1998 | Jaco | [86] |
4 | 376.4 | 14.82 | Alma 2008 | Quepos | [87] |
5 | 331.5 | 13.05 | Gert 1993 | Unknown | [88] |
6 | 308.0 | 12.11 | Otto 2016 | Miravalles Volcano | [89] |
Cuba
Hurricane Flora of October 1963 drifted across Cuba for four days, leading to extreme rainfall across the mountainous island country. During the heaviest 24‑hour period of rainfall, 735 millimetres (28.9 in) of rain fell at Santiago de Cuba. Total amounts of 2,033 millimetres (80.0 in) over 4 days and 2,550 millimetres (100 in) over 5 days produced staggering loss of life in Cuba, where over 2000 perished.[90]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2,550 | 100.39 | Flora 1963 | [90] | |
2 | 1,092 | 42.99 | Dennis 2005 | [90] | |
3 | 1,025 | 40.35 | T.D. #1 1988 | [90] | |
4 | 1,012 | 39.84 | Alberto 1982 | [90] | |
5 | 870 | 34.25 | Frederic 1979 | [90] | |
6 | 849 | 33.43 | T.D. #1 1992 | [90] | |
7 | 825 | 32.48 | Laura 1971 | [90] | |
8 | 800 | 31.50 | Irene 1999 | [90] | |
9 | 754 | 29.69 | Michelle 2001 | [90] | |
10 | 747 | 29.41 | Lili 1996 | [90] |
Dominica
The islands of the eastern Caribbean are constantly threatened by tropical storms and hurricanes, mainly between August and October. Dominica is a rugged island, with spots of elevation as high as nearly 4,750 feet (1,450 m).[91] As Hurricane Jeanne moved through the region, 422.3 millimetres (16.63 in) of rain fell during the 24‑hour period ending on the morning of September 15, 2004.[92]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 800–850 | 31–33 | Erika 2015 | Morne Diablotins | [93] |
2 | 579.1 | 22.80 | Maria 2017 | Cophall | [94] |
3 | 422.3 | 16.63 | Jeanne 2004 | [92] | |
4 | 246.4 | 9.70 | Edith 1963 | [35] | |
5 | 215.9 | 8.50 | David 1979 | Roseau | [95] |
6 | 150.1 | 5.91 | Abby 1960 | [96] | |
7 | 79.5 | 3.13 | Isaias 2020 | Salisbury | [35] |
8 | 20.6 | 0.81 | Flora 1963 | [35] |
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic, has some of the highest terrain surrounding the Caribbean Sea, with Pico Duarte peaking at 10,700 feet (3,300 m) above sea level.[97] Most of the tropical cyclone rainfall totals on the list below are 24‑hour maxima, which likely underrepresent the storm total.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1001.5 | 39.43 | Flora 1963 | Polo Barahona | [35] |
2 | 905.0 | 35.63 | Noel 2007 | Angelina | [98] |
3 | 598.0 | 23.54 | Cleo 1964 | Polo | [35] |
4 | 528.0 | 20.79 | Emily 2011 | Neyba | [99] |
5 | 505.2 | 19.89 | Jeanne 2004 | Isla Saona | [100] |
6 | 479.8 | 18.89 | Inez 1966 | Polo | [101] |
7 | 445.5 | 17.54 | Hurricane Four 1944 | Hondo Valle | [102] |
8 | 391.4 | 15.41 | Hurricane Five 1935 | Barahona | [103] |
9 | 359.9 | 14.17 | Hanna 2008 | Oveido | [104] |
10 | 350.0 | 13.78 | T.S. One 1948 | Bayaguana | [105] |
El Salvador
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1513 | 59.57 | Twelve E (2011) | Huizucar, La Libertad | [106][107] [108] |
2 | 1.017 | 40.03 | Amanda 2020 | [109] | |
3 | 861 | 33.90 | Mitch 1998 | [107] | |
4 | 766 | 30.16 | Stan 2005 | [107] | |
5 | 676 | 26.61 | Paul 1982 | [107] | |
6 | 672 | 26.46 | Agatha 2010 | [110] | |
7 | 603 | 23.74 | Matthew 2010 | [107] |
Fiji
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1,139 | 44.84 | Wally (1980) | Sakisa | [111] |
2 | 1,040 | 40.94 | Kina (1992-93) | Monasavu dam | [112] |
3 | 913 | 35.94 | 04F (2016) | Monasavu dam | [113] |
4 | 755 | 29.72 | Bebe (1972) | Naseuvou | [114] |
5 | 697 | 27.44 | Gavin (1985) | Monasavu dam | [115] |
6 | 615 | 24.21 | Gavin (1997) | Monasavu dam | [116] |
7 | 545 | 21.46 | June (1997) | Matei | [117] |
8 | 529 | 20.83 | Evan (2012) | Monasavu dam | [118] |
9 | 508 | 20.00 | 09F 2017 | Nagado | [119] |
10 | 495 | 19.49 | Mick (2009) | Monasavu dam | [120] |
Orography from the volcanic islands of Fiji has led to significant rainfall during tropical cyclone passages, which occur roughly once a year.
France
French Polynesia
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 550 | 21.65 | 02F 1998 | Tahiti | [121] |
2 | 356 | 14.02 | Judy 2004 | Takaroa | [122] |
3 | 241 | 9.49 | Wasa 1991 | Uturoa | [123] |
4 | 149 | 5.87 | Pam 1997 | Rarotonga | [124] |
5 | 62.1 | 2.44 | Zita 2007 | Rurutu | [125] |
Guadeloupe
Hurricane Marilyn moved directly across the island in mid-September 1995,[126] bringing the highest known rainfall totals to the island from a tropical cyclone.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 582 | 22.91 | Luis 1995 | Dent de l'est (Soufrière) | |
2 | 508 | 20.00 | Marilyn 1995 | Saint-Claude | [35] |
3 | 466 | 18.35 | Lenny 1999 | Gendarmerie | [127] |
4 | 389 | 15.31 | Hugo 1989 | ||
5 | 318 | 12.52 | Hortense 1996 | Maison du Volcan | [128] |
6 | 300 | 11.81 | Jeanne 2004 | [129] | |
7 | 223.3 | 8.79 | Cleo 1964 | Deshaies | [35] |
8 | 200 | 7.87 | Erika 2009 | [130] | |
9 | 165.3 | 6.51 | Earl 2010 | Sainte-Rose (Viard) | [131] |
10 | 53.6 | 2.11 | Edith 1963 | Basse Terre | [35] |
Martinique
Martinique is a mountainous island at the fringe of the eastern Caribbean Sea.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 680.7 | 26.80 | Dorothy 1970 | Fourniols | [132] |
2 | 567.0 | 22.32 | Klaus 1990 | Le Morne-Rouge | [133] |
3 | 475.0 | 18.07 | Beulah 1967 | Les Anses-d'Arlets | [134] |
4 | 450.1 | 17.72 | Iris 1995 | Ducos | [135] |
5 | 349.0 | 13.74 | David 1979 | Saint-Joseph | [136] |
6 | 332.0 | 13.07 | Dean 2007 | Fort-de-France | [137] |
7 | 305.0 | 12.01 | Cindy 1993 | Le Prêcheur | [138] |
8 | 301.5 | 11.87 | Edith 1963 | Saint-Pierre | [35] |
9 | 280.0 | 11.02 | Allen 1980 | Grand-Rivière | [139] |
10 | 230.1 | 9.059 | Marilyn 1995 | Le Morne-Rouge | [140] |
New Caledonia
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 813 | 32.01 | Gyan 1981 | La Ouinné | [141] |
2 | 750 | 29.53 | Beatrice 1959 | Tiwaka | [141] |
3 | 713 | 28.07 | Anne 1988 | Goro | [141] |
4 | 620 | 24.41 | Unnamed 1962 | Houaïlou | [141] |
5 | 528 | 20.79 | Esau 1992 | Kopéto | [141] |
6 | 474 | 18.66 | Drena 1997 | Dzumac | [141] |
7 | 450 | 17.72 | Vania 2011 | Goro (Station Vale NC) | [141] |
8 | 414 | 16.30 | Frank 1999 | Tango (Chaîne) | [141] |
9 | 411 | 16.18 | Cliff 1981 | La Ouinné | [141] |
10 | 409 | 16.10 | Cook 2017 | Thio-Plateau | [142] |
Réunion Island
The mountainous island of Réunion has experienced several of the highest rainfall totals on record from tropical cyclones and holds the rainfall world records for 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten days as a result.[143][144][145] The 12 and 24 hourly rainfall records were set at Foc-Foc by Cyclone Denise in 1966, while an Unnamed Tropical Cyclone between April 8–10, 1958 set the record for 48 hours at Aurere. Tropical Cyclone Gamede between February 24–28, 2007 came close to beating the records for 12, 24 and 48 hours before setting the records for three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine days that were held by Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe 1980.[144][145] Hyacinthe 1980 currently holds the world records for ten and fifteen days with rainfall totals of 5,678 millimetres (223.5 in) and 6,083 millimetres (239.5 in) respectively recorded at Commerson Crater.[145][146]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 6,433 | 253.27 | Hyacinthe 1980 | Commerson | [145] |
2 | 5,512 | 217.01 | Gamede 2007 | Commerson | [144] |
3 | 2,958 | 116.46 | Diwa 2006 | Grand-Ilet | [144] |
4 | 1,825 | 71.85 | Denise 1966 | Foc-Foc | [145] |
5 | 1,360 | 53.54 | Dina 2002 | Bellecombe | [147] |
6 | 1,196 | 47.09 | Gael 2009 | Commerson | [148] |
7 | 1,196 | 47.09 | Florine 1981 | Foc-Foc | [149] |
8 | 1,025 | 40.35 | Bejisa 2013 | Cilaos | [150] |
9 | 1,000 | 39.37 | Gretelle 1997 | Commerson | [151] |
10 | 875 | 34.45 | Fame 2008 | Grand-Ilet | [152] |
Saint Martin
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 866.6 | 34.12 | Lenny 1999 | Gendarmerie | [2] |
2 | 349.3 | 13.75 | Jose 1999 | Point Blanche | [153] |
3 | 328.7 | 12.94 | Otto 2010 | Charlotte Amalie | [154] |
4 | 98.0 | 3.86 | Earl 2010 | Grand Case | [155] |
6 | 85.1 | 3.35 | Marilyn 1995 | [156] |
Wallis and Futuna
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 674.9 | 26.57 | Raja 1986 | Maopoopo, Futuna Island | [157] |
2 | 556.7 | 21.92 | Fran 1992 | Hihifo, Wallis Island | [157] |
3 | 291.2 | 11.46 | Val 1975 | Hihifo, Wallis Island | [157] |
4 | 220.6 | 8.69 | Hina 1997 | Maopoopo, Futuna Island | [157] |
5 | 186.0 | 7.32 | Evan 2012 | Futuna Island | [157] |
6 | 180.0 | 7.09 | Val 1980 | Maopoopo, Futuna Island | [157] |
7 | 171.6 | 6.76 | Keli 1997 | Hihifo, Wallis Island | [157] |
8 | 160.8 | 6.33 | Unnamed 1966 | Malaetoli, Wallis Island | [157] |
9 | 160.0 | 6.30 | Amos 2016 | Hihifo, Wallis Island | [158] |
10 | 119.0 | 4.69 | Waka 2001 | Hihifo, Wallis Island | [157] |
Guatemala
Tropical Storm Agatha in May 2010 became the second-wettest tropical cyclone in the nation's history when it slowly developed while remaining nearly stationary to the southwest of Guatemala, before turning northeast and dissipating across inland Central America.[159]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 600 | 23.62 | Mitch 1998 | Central Sierra de las Minas | [160] |
2 | 565.6 | 22.62 | Agatha 2010 | Mazatenango | [161] |
3 | ~250 | ~9.84 | Stan 2005 | [162] | |
4 | ~200 | ~7.87 | Adrian 2005 | [163] | |
5 | 184.6 | 7.27 | Francelia 1969 | [164] |
Haiti
Haiti that makes up three-eighths of Hispaniola,[165][166] is a mountainous country that has experienced some of the most powerful hurricanes on record, including Hurricane David. Its three mountain ranges have peaks as high as 8793 feet/2680 meters above sea level.[167]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1,447.8 | 57.00 | Flora 1963 | Miragoâne | [168] |
2 | 654.8 | 25.78 | Noel 2007 | Camp Perrin | [169] |
3 | 604.5 | 23.80 | Matthew 2016 | Anse-á-Veau | [170] |
4 | 410.0 | 16.14 | Lili 2002 | Camp Perrin | [171] |
5 | 323.0 | 12.72 | Hanna 2008 | Camp Perrin | [172] |
6 | 273.0 | 10.75 | Gustav 2008 | Camp Perrin | [173] |
7 | 168.0 | 6.614 | Laura 2020 | Port-Au-Prince | [174] |
8 | 65.0 | 2.56 | Fox 1952 | Ouanaminthe | [35] |
Honduras
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 912 | 35.89 | Mitch 1998 | Choluteca | [175] |
2 | 760 | 29.92 | Alma 1966 | San Rafael | [176] |
3 | 610 | 24.00 | Fifi 1974 | [177] | |
4 | 554 | 21.82 | Beta 2005 | Trujillo | [178] |
5 | 360 | 14.19 | T.D. #16 2008 | Roatán | [179] |
6 | 244 | 9.62 | Felix 2007 | Omoa Cortez | [180] |
7 | 192 | 7.56 | Nana 2020 | Roatan | [181] |
8 | 172 | 6.77 | Gert 1993 | Tegucigalpa | [182] |
9 | 113 | 4.46 | Alma 2008 | Choluteca | [183] |
10 | 96 | 3.77 | Ida 2009 | Rio Cuero en la Masica | [184] |
Swan Island
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 362.7 | 14.28 | Alma 1966 | [35] | |
2 | 228.9 | 9.01 | Debbie 1965 | [35] | |
3 | 220.0 | 8.66 | Ella 1970 | [35] | |
4 | 178.6 | 7.03 | Laurie 1969 | [35] | |
5 | 167.1 | 6.58 | Isbell 1964 | [35] | |
6 | 105.2 | 4.14 | Beulah 1967 | [35] | |
7 | 98.8 | 3.89 | Carla 1961 | [35] | |
8 | 90.7 | 3.57 | Francelia 1969 | [35] | |
9 | 87.1 | 3.43 | Hattie 1961 | [35] | |
10 | 80.5 | 3.17 | Fox 1952 | [35] |
India
India can be struck by cyclones that form in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2,300 | 90.55 | 1968 Severe Cyclonic Storm | Pedong, West Bengal | [185] |
2 | 1,840 | 72.44 | Severe Cyclonic Storm ARB 01 (2004) | Aminidivi, Lakshadweep | [186] |
3 | 1,340 | 52.76 | Depression Six (1961) | Cherrapunji, Meghalaya | [187] |
4 | 1280 | 50.39 | Nisha (2008) | Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu | [188][189][190] |
5 | 1171 | 46.10 | Phyan (2009) | Kethi, Tamil Nadu | [191] |
6 | 1030 | 40.55 | Ogni (2006) | Avanigadda, Andhra Pradesh | [192] |
7 | 953 | 37.52 | 1943 Severe Cyclonic Storm | Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu | [193] |
8 | 910 | 35.83 | Deep Depression Four (1963) | Cherrapunji, Meghalaya | [194] |
9 | 810 | 31.89 | Cyclone 12 (1959) | Bano | [195] |
10 | 800 | 31.50 | Cyclone 5 (1968) | Harnai | [195] |
Indonesia
The precursor tropical disturbance of Tropical Cyclone Inigo in April 2003 dropped heavy rainfall in eastern Indonesia. The rainfall caused flash flooding and mudslides, primarily in Flores but also on West Timor[196] and Sumba.[197] In some locations, the depth of the floodwaters reached 5 metres (16 ft). The Oessao River in West Timor exceeded its banks, which flooded seven villages. In Kupang in West Timor, the system destroyed hundreds of homes and large fields of corn, bean, and rice crop. Heavy damage was reported near Ende, where flooding and mudslides destroyed 20 houses and destroyed the roads connecting to East Flores. The city airport was flooded with one meter (3 ft) of water, preventing aerial transportation and which left the city temporarily isolated. In East Flores Regency in eastern Flores Island, the system left 75 destroyed houses, along with 77 severely damaged and a further 56 receiving light damage.[196]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 223 | 8.78 | Inigo 2003 | Larantuka, Flores | [198] |
Iran
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 74 mm | 2.91 inches | Gonu 2007 | Chabahar | [199] |
Jamaica
This mountainous island country of Jamaica can get lashed with rainfall by slow-moving tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean Sea. Its interior, the Blue Mountains, reach a height of 7,400 feet (2,300 m) above sea level.[200]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 3429.0 | 135.00 | Nov. 1909 Hurricane | Silver Hill Plantation | [201] |
2 | 1524.0 | 60.00 | Flora 1963 | Silver Hill | [202] |
3 | 1057.9 | 41.65 | Michelle 2001 | [203] | |
4 | 950.0 | 37.42 | Nicole 2010 | Negril | [204] |
5 | 938.3 | 36.94 | Gilda 1973 | Top Mountain | [202] |
6 | 863.6 | 34.00 | June 1979 T.D. | Western Jamaica | [205] |
7 | 823.0 | 32.40 | Gilbert 1988 | Interior mountains | [203] |
8 | 720.6 | 28.37 | Ivan 2004 | Ritchies | [206] |
9 | 713.5 | 28.09 | Sandy 2012 | Mill Bank | [207] |
10 | 690.9 | 27.20 | Isidore 2002 | Cotton Tree Gully | [208] |
Japan
The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Namtheun of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record with 1,317 millimetres (51.9 in) observed in Kisawa village,[209] surpassing the previous record of 1,140 mm (45 in) set during Typhoon Fran in 1976.[210]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2781.0 | 109.50 | Fran 1976 | Hiso | [210] |
2 | >2000.0 | >78.74 | Namtheum 2004 | Kisawa | [209] |
3 | 1805.5 | 71.08 | Talas 2011 | Kamikitayama | [211] |
4 | 1518.9 | 59.80 | Olive 1971 | Ebino | [212] |
5 | 1322.0 | 52.04 | Nabi 2005 | Mikado | [213] |
6 | 1286.0 | 50.62 | Kent 1992 | Hidegadake | [214] |
7 | 1167.0 | 45.94 | Judy 1989 | Hidegadake | [215] |
8 | 1138.0 | 44.80 | Abby 1983 | Amagisan | [216] |
9 | 1124.0 | 44.25 | Flo 1990 | Yanase | [217] |
10 | ~1092.0 | ~43.00 | Trix 1971 | Yangitake | [218] |
Okinawa
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1065.0 | 41.92 | Sinlaku 2008 | Yonagunijima | [219] |
2 | 1059.0 | 41.70 | Emma 1956 | Kadena Air Force Base | [220] |
3 | 1014.0 | 41.00 | Muifa 2011 | [221] | |
4 | 575.6 | 22.66 | Charlotte 1959 | Naha Air Force Base | [35] |
5 | 535.0 | 21.06 | Bolaven 2012 | Kunigami | [222] |
6 | 473.7 | 18.65 | Cora 1969 | Kadena Air Force Base | [35] |
7 | 452.0 | 17.80 | Sinlaku 2002 | Oku | [223] |
8 | 407.2 | 16.03 | Grace 1961 | Kadena Air Force Base | [35] |
9 | 345.0 | 13.50 | Conson 2004 | Tarama | [224] |
10 | 342.0 | 13.46 | Kujira 2003 | [225] |
Ryukyu Islands
Typhoon Rusa caused 409 millimetres (16.1 in) of rain to fall at Naze on August 29–30, 2002.[226] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5 millimetres (12.38 in) of rain in the 65‑hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25, 2004 at Ishigakihima.[227] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2 millimetres (23.08 in) of rainfall on Marcus Island.[35] In 1972, Typhoon Rita dumped 31.87 in (809 mm) on Okinoerabu Shima.[228]
Johnston Atoll
Tropical cyclones occasionally threaten this central Pacific island. Hurricane Celeste of 1972 brought 6.21 inches (158 mm) to the isle around August 19.[229]
Korea
The Korean Peninsula experiences typhoons regularly. Tropical cyclones which impact southern China also lead to, on average, five heavy rainfall events per year across the Korean peninsula.[230]
North Korea
Very heavy rains fell across Tongchon and Kosong counties during Typhoon Rusa in 2002, where up to 510 millimetres (20 in) of precipitation fell in a 5- to 10-hour period.[226]
South Korea
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | >1,500 | >59.05 | Nakri 2014 | Mount Halla, Jeju Island | [231] |
2 | 1250.5 | 49.23 | Chan-hom 2015 | Mount Halla, Jeju Island | [232] |
3 | 898.0 | 35.35 | Rusa 2002 | Gangneung | [233] |
4 | 710.0 | 28.00 | Agnes 1981 | [234] | |
5 | 660.4 | 26.00 | Gladys 1991 | [235] | |
6 | 634.0 | 24.96 | Muifa 2011 | Eorimok | [236] |
7 | 590.0 | 23.23 | Nari 2007 | Jeju | [237] |
8 | 491.0 | 19.33 | Saomai 2000 | [238] | |
9 | 374.0 | 14.72 | Meari 2011 | Boeun | [239] |
10 | 332.5 | 13.09 | Megi 2004 | Wando | [227] |
Madagascar
The north end of the island, known as the Tsaratanana Massif region, contains terrain with elevations up to 9417 feet/2880 meters.[240]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 891.0 | 35.07 | Kesiny 2002 | Toamasina | [241] |
2 | 715.0 | 28.14 | Elita 2004 | [242] | |
3 | 707.0 | 27.8 | Guillaume 2002 | Toamasina | [243] |
4 | 355.2 | 13.9 | Indlala 2007 | Antalaha | [244] |
5 | 300.0 | 12.0 | Cela 2003 | [245] | |
6 | 279.4 | 11.0 | Chanda 2012 | [246] | |
7 | 261.0 | 10.2 | Ivan 2008 | Toamasina | [244] |
8 | 255.4 | 10.0 | Gafilo 2004 | Nosy-be | [247] |
9 | 237.2 | 9.3 | Ernest 2005 | Toliara | [247] |
10 | 229.0 | 9.0 | Jade 2009 | Toamasina | [248] |
Malaysia
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 220 | 8.66 | Jelawat/Domeng 2006 | Kampung Bundu | [249] |
Mauritius
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 745.2 | 29.34 | Dina 2002 | Pierrefonds | [250] |
2 | 711 | 27.99 | Hollanda 1994 | Mare-aux-Vacoas | |
3 | 227 | 8.937 | Davina 1999 | Arnaud | [251] |
3 | 202.8 | 7.98 | Hennie 2005 | Sans-Souci | |
4 | 192.8 | 7.59 | Dumile 2013 | Arnaud | [252] |
5 | 58.8 | 2.31 | Crystal 2002 | Providence | [253] |
Marshall Islands
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 271 | 10.65 | Bavi 2015 | Kwajalein Atoll | [254] |
Mexico
Hurricane Wilma of 2005 drifted over the northeast portion of the Yucatán peninsula for a couple of days, dropping significant rains. A report of 1,576 millimetres (62.0 in) was reported by the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional in Mexico,[255] which is the wettest known 24-hour rainfall amount ever measured in Mexico. Second on the list is from Tropical Storm Frances in 1998, which accumulated up to 1,019 millimetres (40.1 in) of rain at Independencia in southern Chiapas.[256] Below is a list of the highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across Mexico. Most of the rainfall information was provided by the Mexico's National Weather Service, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, which is a part of the National Water Commission, Comisión Nacional del Agua.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1576 | 62.05 | Wilma 2005 | Quintana Roo | [257] |
2 | 1119 | 44.06 | Frances 1998 | Escuintla | [258] |
3 | 1098 | 43.23 | TD 11 (1999) | Jalacingo | [259] |
4 | 1011 | 39.80 | Juliette 2001 | Cuadano/Santiago | [260] |
5 | 950 | 37.41 | Dolly 1996 | Igual | [261] |
6 | 941 | 37.06 | Fifi–Orlene 1974 | Tlanchinol | [262] |
7 | 890 | 35.04 | Alex 2010 | Monterrey | [263] |
8 | 805 | 31.69 | Gert 1993 | Aquismón | [264] |
9 | 791 | 31.15 | Hermine 1980 | San Pedro Tapanatepec | [265] |
10 | 774 | 30.49 | Isidore 2002 | Campeche | [266] |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk
Elevations of the islands surrounding Chuuk lagoon reach a height of about 1,450 feet (440 m).[267] Typhoon Chataan led to excessive rainfall on this island from June 23 – July 3, 2002, when a total of 939 mm (37.0 in) fell. During the time frame when Chataan was declared a tropical cyclone from July 1–3, 622 mm (24.5 in) fell, with 506 mm (19.9 in) falling on the 2nd alone at the international airport.[268]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 939.0 | 36.96 | Chataan 2002 | Chuuk Int'l Airport | [269] |
2 | 447.0 | 17.60 | Dale 1996 | Chuuk WSO AP | [35] |
3 | 427.5 | 16.83 | Sudal 2004 | Chuuk WSO AP | [35] |
4 | 405.1 | 15.95 | Andy 1989 | Truk WSO Airport | [35] |
5 | 381.1 | 15.03 | Jean 1968 | Truk WSO Airport | [35] |
6 | 371.9 | 14.64 | Karen 1962 | Truk WSO Airport | [35] |
7 | 370.6 | 14.59 | Pamela 1976 | Truk WSO Airport | [35] |
8 | 344.7 | 13.57 | Harriet 1959 | Truk WSO Airport | [35] |
9 | 234.2 | 9.22 | Kulap 2005 | Chuuk WSO AP | [35] |
10 | 214.1 | 8.43 | Pongsona 2002 | Chuuk WSO AP | [35] |
Kosrae
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 509.3 | 20.05 | Faxai 2001 | Kosrae | [35] |
2 | 434.1 | 17.09 | Phanfone 2002 | Kosrae | [35] |
Pohnpei State
The state is mountainous island lies in the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean. Pohnpei State
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 603 | 23.74 | Dolphin 2015 | Pohnpei | |
2 | 247 | 9.72 | Axel 1992 | [270] | |
3 | 118 | 4.65 | Haishen 2015 | Pohnpei | [271] |
Yap State
The wettest known tropical cyclone for the state was Ruby in 1982, which drifted in the island's vicinity for several days during its initial development phase.[272]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 594.4 | 23.40 | Ruby 1982 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
2 | 390.9 | 15.39 | Imbudo 2003 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
3 | 318.5 | 12.54 | Winnie 1969 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
4 | 313.9 | 12.36 | Fern 1996 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
5 | 301.8 | 11.88 | Wilda 1967 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
6 | 289.1 | 11.38 | Ophelia 1958 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
7 | 288.5 | 11.36 | Hope 1985 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
8 | 250.2 | 9.85 | Georgia 1962 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
9 | 236.5 | 9.31 | Fran 1976 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
10 | 231.9 | 9.13 | Faye 1963 | Yap Island WSO Airport | [35] |
Mozambique
The elevation of the country increases to the west, with mountains on its highest plateau reaching nearly 8,000 feet (2,400 m).[273]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 600 | 24.00 | Idai 2019 | Chimoio | |
2 | 502 | 19.76 | Eline 2000 | Levubu | [274] |
3 | 281 | 11.06 | Delfina 2003 | [253] | |
4 | 200 | 7.87 | Jokwe 2008 | Nampula | [275] |
5 | 190 | 7.50 | Japhet 2003 | [276] |
Myanmar
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 600 | 23.62 | Nargis 2008 | [277] | |
2 | 343.9 | 13.54 | T.D. No. 2 2007 | [278] | |
3 | 300 | 11.81 | Komen 2015 | [279] |
Nepal
Some of the highest elevations on the planet lie in Nepal. Eight out of fourteen highest peaks in the world lie in the Nepalese Himalaya including the highest peak of the World, Mt. Everest (8848 m).[280] During a tropical depression that affected the Indian Subcontinent in 2004, 51.3 millimetres (2.02 in) of rain fell at Kathmandu airport in the 24‑hour period ending at 1200 UTC on October 7.[74]
Netherlands Antilles
Saba
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 286.3 mm | 11.27 inches | Alice (1954) | [281] |
St. Eustatius
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 203.2 mm | 8.00 inches | Alice (1954) | [281] |
Saint Martin/Sint Maarten
This hilly island is partially owned by France and partially claimed by the Netherlands.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 700.0 | 27.56 | Lenny 1999 | Meteorological Office, Phillpsburg | [2] |
2 | 280.2 | 11.03 | Jose 1999 | Princess Juliana International Airport | [282] |
3 | 165.1 | 6.50 | Luis 1995 | [283] | |
4 | 111.7 | 4.40 | Otto 2010 | Princess Juliana International Airport | [284] |
5 | 92.3 | 3.63 | Rafael 2012 | Princess Juliana International Airport | [285] |
6 | 7.9 | 0.31 | Ernesto 2012 | Princess Juliana International Airport | [285] |
7 | 7.0 | 0.28 | Chantal 2013 | Princess Juliana International Airport | [286] |
8 | 6.6 | 0.26 | Dorian 2013 | Princess Juliana International Airport | [286] |
New Zealand
Most tropical cyclones which pass near New Zealand are in extratropical transition (ET) or have become extratropical, which can enhance their heavy rainfall threat.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 970 | 38.19 | Hilda 1990 | North Egmont Visitor Centre | [287] |
2 | 917 | 36.10 | Bola 1988 | Glenross station | [288] |
3 | 762 | 30.00 | Rewa 1994 | Collier Creek | [289] |
4 | 425 | 16.73 | Fergus 1996 | The Pinnacles | [290][291] |
5 | 415 | 16.34 | Delilah 1989 | Puhipuhi | [292] |
6 | 321 | 12.64 | Dinah 1967 | Mangahoe | [293] |
7 | 311 | 12.24 | Beti 1996 | The Pinnacles | [294] |
8 | 306 | 12.05 | Giselle 1968 | Leatham | [295] |
9 | 290 | 11.42 | Ivy 2004 | The Pinnacles | [296] |
10 | 280 | 11.02 | Wilma 2011 | Northland | [297] |
Nicaragua
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1597 | 62.87 | Mitch 1998 | Picacho/Chinandega | [298] |
2 | 1447 | 56.97 | Aletta 1982 | Chinandega | [299] |
3 | 500 | 19.69 | Joan 1988 | [300] | |
4 | 447 | 17.60 | Gert 1993 | Chinandega | [299] |
5 | 368 | 14.49 | Fifi 1974 | Chinandega | [299] |
6 | 298 | 11.72 | Alma 2008 | Punto Sandino | [301] |
7 | 272 | 10.70 | Cesar 1996 | Bluefields | [302] |
8 | 231 | 9.10 | Ida 2009 | Puerto Cabezas | [303] |
9 | 181 | 7.11 | Felix 2007 | Puerto Cabezas | [304] |
10 | 162 | 6.39 | Beta 2005 | Puerto Cabezas | [305] |
Niue
During the passage of Tropical Cyclone Heta in January 2004, the Niue Meteorological Station reported a record 24-hour rainfall of 999.2 millimetres (39.34 in).[306]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 999.2 mm | 39.34 in | Heta 2004 | Niue Meteorological Station | [306] |
2 | 107.5 mm | 4.23 in | 01F 2014-15 | [307] | |
3 | 101.8 mm | 4.01 in | Winston 2016 | [307] | |
4 | 77.6 mm | 3.06 in | Tino 2015 | [307] | |
5 | 28.4 mm | 1.12 in | Ula 2015 | [307] | |
6 | 23.9 mm | 0.94 in | Victor 2016 | [307] |
Oman
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 617.0 | 24.29 | Mekunu 2018 | Salalah | [308] |
2 | 610.0 | 24.02 | Gonu 2007 | [309] | |
3 | 488.0 | 19.21 | Phet 2010 | JabalHilm | |
4 | 482.4 | 18.99 | Masirah Cyclone 1977 | Salalah | [310] |
5 | 300.2 | 11.82 | T.S. 02A (1996) | Dhofar | [311] |
6 | 285.5 | 11.24 | Muscat Cyclone 1890 | Muscat | [310] |
7 | 251.0 | 9.88 | Oman Cyclone 2002 | Qairoon | [312] |
8 | 250.0 | 9.84 | Ashobaa 2015 | Masirah Island | [313] |
9 | 230.0 | 9.06 | Salalah Cyclone 1963 | Salalah | [310] |
10 | 82.0 | 3.23 | Salalah Cyclone 1959 | Salalah | [310] |
Pakistan
Tropical cyclones for the Arabian Sea usually affect Pakistan. Tropical cyclones from the Bay of Bengal can affect Pakistan, though they usually weaken by the time they reach the Pakistani coastline.[314]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 370 | 14.57 | Phet (2010) | Gwadar | [315] |
2 | 285 | 11.22 | Cyclone (1999) | Keti Bandar | [316] |
3 | 245 | 9.64 | BOB 03 (2009) | Karachi | [317][318][319] |
4 | 191 | 7.51 | BOB 06 (2007) | Karachi | [320][321][322] |
5 | 145 | 5.71 | Onil (2004) | Thatta | [323] |
6 | 110 | 3.94 | Yemyin (2007) | Karachi | |
7 | 43 | 1.69 | BOB 04 (2007) | Karachi | [324][325] |
8 | 18 | 0.70 | BOB 03 (2009) | Karachi | [326] |
Palau
Palau consists of a string of islands that is rugged and surrounds a lagoon. Elevations up to 2,060 feet (630 m) exist within the island group.[327]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 470.9 | 18.54 | Marie 1976 | Koror | [328] |
2 | 293.1 | 11.54 | Nathan 1993 | Nekken Forestry | [35] |
3 | 281.4 | 11.08 | Ruby 1982 | Koror | [35] |
4 | 248.9 | 9.799 | Mike 1990 | Koror | [329] |
5 | 121.7 | 4.79 | Dianmu 2004 | Koror | [330] |
6 | 84.3 | 3.32 | Bopha 2012 | Koror | [331] |
7 | 47.8 | 1.88 | Ewiniar 2006 | Koror | [332] |
Panama
Inflow to the south of Hurricane Mitch brought impressive rainfalls to the Panama. Veledero de Tole recorded 695 millimetres (27.4 in) of rainfall between October 22 and 31, 1998.
Philippines
This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2210.0 | 87.01 | July 1911 cyclone | Baguio | [333] |
2 | 1854.3 | 73.00 | Pepeng (2009) | Baguio | [334] |
3 | 1216.0 | 47.86 | Trining (1967) | Baguio | [333] |
4 | 1116.0 | 43.94 | Iliang (1998) | La Trinidad, Benguet | [335] |
5 | 1085.8 | 42.74 | Feria (2001) | Baguio | [336] |
6 | 1077.8 | 42.43 | Lando (2015) | Baguio | [334] |
7 | 1012.7 | 39.87 | Igme (2004) | [337] | |
8 | 902.0 | 35.51 | Dante (2009) | [338] | |
9 | 879.9 | 34.64 | September 1929 typhoon | Virac, Catanduanes | [339] |
10 | 869.6 | 34.24 | Openg (1977) | Western Luzon | [340] |
Samoa
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 508.2 | 20.01 | Tuni, 2015 | Afimalu | [341] |
2 | 470.5 | 18.52 | Ula, 2016 | Afimalu | [341] |
3 | 404.0 | 15.91 | Evan, 2012 | Alaoa, Upolu | [342] |
4 | 382.4 | 15.06 | Amos, 2016 | Afimalu | [341] |
5 | 320.0 | 12.60 | Gita, 2018 | Le-Pue | [343] |
6 | 190.0 | 7.48 | 01F 2014 | Salani | [341] |
7 | 171.8 | 6.76 | 05F 2014 | Salani | [341] |
8 | 170.6 | 6.72 | 08F, 2015 | Letui | [341] |
9 | 169.5 | 6.67 | 19F, 2017 | Lepiu | [343] |
10 | 138.4 | 5.45 | 09F, 2017 | Afimalu | [343] |
Singapore
Typhoon Vamei of December 20, 2001 was the only known storm to ever hit the island state. It dropped 165.1 millimetres (6.50 in) of rainfall.
Solomon Islands
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | >2100 | >82.68 | Namu 1986 | Mount Popomanaseu, Guadalcanal | [344] |
2 | >1000 | >39.37 | Ita 2014 | Gold Ridge mine | [345] |
3 | 495 | 19.49 | Pam 2015 | Lata, Santa Cruz Island | [346] |
4 | 305 | 12.01 | Angela 1966 | Guadalcanal | [347] |
5 | 282 | 11.10 | Raquel 2015 | Munda, Western Province | [348] |
South Africa
Tropical Cyclone Eline in February 2000 dropped significant rains on portions of South Africa. The highest amount noted was 480 mm (19 in) at Thohoyandou.[349]
Spain
The only tropical cyclone to reach mainland Europe was 2005's Hurricane Vince. It dropped 3.3 inches (84 mm) of rain on the plain near Cordoba.[350]
Sri Lanka
A tropical depression in early October 2004 led to heavy rains across Sri Lanka. The maximum was measured at Galle where 117.2 mm (4.61 in) fell in the 24‑hour period ending at 0600 UTC on the 2nd.[74]
St. Brandon, South Indian Ocean
Tropical Cyclone Darius of New Year's Eve/Day of 2003/2004 passed about 45 miles (72 km) west-northwest of the island. Rainfall over the 24‑hour period of closest approach was 135 mm (5.3 in).[351]
St. Kitts and Nevis
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 153.7 | 6.05 | Alice (1954) | [281] |
Taiwan
The mountainous island of Taiwan experiences an average of 1.8 tropical cyclone landfalls each year. Due to its rugged topography, Taiwan sees extreme rains from tropical cyclones, particularly in its central mountain range.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 3,060 | 120.47 | Morakot 2009 | Alishan, Chiayi | [352] |
2 | 2,319 | 91.30 | Nari 2001 | Wulai, New Taipei | [353] |
3 | 2,162 | 85.12 | Flossie 1969 | Beitou, Taipei | [352] |
4 | 1,987 | 78.23 | Herb 1996 | Alishan, Chiayi | [354] |
5 | 1,774 | 69.84 | Saola 2012 | Yilan City | [355] |
6 | 1,700 | 66.93 | Lynn 1987 | Taipei | [356] |
7 | 1,672 | 65.83 | Clara 1967 | Dongshan, Yilan | [357] |
8 | 1,611 | 63.43 | Sinlaku 2008 | Heping, Taichung | [358] |
9 | 1,561 | 61.46 | Haitang 2005 | Sandimen, Pingtung | [359] |
10 | 1,546 | 60.87 | Aere 2004 | Miaoli County | [360] |
Thailand
Tropical cyclones occasionally cross the Malay Peninsula from the northwest Pacific into the Bay of Bengal.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 493.8 | 19.44 | Zeke 1991 | Khlong Yai | [35] |
2 | 470.0 | 18.50 | Tilda 1962 | At Somat | [361] |
3 | 342.0 | 13.46 | Vae 1952 | Chantaburi | [361] |
4 | 328.7 | 12.94 | Ira 1990 | Lop Buri | [35] |
5 | 322.6 | 12.70 | Ed 1990 | Takua Pa | [35] |
6 | 279.5 | 11.00 | 18W (2013) | Muang district | [362] |
7 | 273.6 | 10.77 | Fred 1991 | Khon Kaen | [35] |
8 | 257.3 | 10.13 | Brian 1989 | Takua Pa | [35] |
9 | 251.5 | 9.902 | Muifa 2004 | Prachaup Khirikhan | [363] |
10 | 239.5 | 9.429 | Nell 1990 | Ko Samui | [35] |
Tonga
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 200.0 | 7.87 | Waka 2001 | ||
2 | 167.0 | 6.57 | Unnamed 1949 | Nuku‘alofa | [364] |
3 | 153.0 | 6.02 | Lin 2009 | Niuafo'ou | [365] |
4 | 152.2 | 6.00 | Mick 2010 | Fua'amotu | |
5 | 149.0 | 5.87 | Rene 2011 | Fua'amotu | |
6 | 120.0 | 4.72 | Isaac 1982 | Nuku‘alofa | [366] |
7 | 120.0 | 4.72 | Jasmine 2012 | Tongatapu | [367] |
8 | 97.7 | 3.85 | Vaianu 2006 | Fuaʻamotu | [368] |
9 | 44.8 | 1.76 | Cyril 2011 | Vava'u | [369] |
10 | 37.5 | 1.48 | Wilma 2010 | Fua'amotu | [370] |
United Kingdom
Anguilla
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 490.0 | 19.29 | Lenny 1999 | [371] | |
2 | 380.0 | 14.96 | Jose 1999 | [371] | |
3 | 250.0 | 9.84 | Klaus 1990 | [371] | |
4 | 171.5 | 6.75 | Alice 1954 | [281] |
Bermuda
Bermuda has not historically received overwhelming rains out of tropical cyclones. This could be because of the rapid pace storms usually pass the island and the lack of mountains on the island.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 186.7 | 7.35 | October 1939 Hurricane | [372] | |
2 | 172.0 | 6.77 | Nicole 2016 | [373] | |
3 | 153.7 | 6.05 | Arlene 1963 | [35] | |
4 | 151.4 | 5.96 | Cristobal 2002 | ||
5 | 148.0 | 5.83 | Nicole 2004 | ||
6 | 134.1 | 5.28 | T.D. #23A 1967 | [35] | |
7 | 126.2 | 4.97 | Franklin 2005 | ||
8 | 125.0 | 4.92 | Emily 1981 | [35] | |
9 | 124.0 | 4.88 | Harvey 2005 | ||
10 | 123.2 | 4.85 | September 1948 hurricane | [372] |
Cayman Islands
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 794.8 | 31.29 | Unnamed, 1944 | Grand Cayman Island | [374] |
2 | 577 | 22.72 | Alberto, 2006 | Owen Roberts International Airport | [375] |
3 | 552.2 | 21.74 | Isidore, 2002 | Cayman Brac | [376] |
4 | 451.4 | 17.77 | Paloma, 2008 | Cayman Brac | [377] |
5 | 308.4 | 12.14 | Ivan, 2004 | Grand Cayman Island | [378] |
6 | 292.1 | 11.50 | Hattie, 1961 | Grand Cayman Island | [379] |
7 | 229.1 | 9.02 | Nicole, 2010 | Owen Roberts International Airport | [380] |
8 | 165.6 | 6.52 | Michelle, 2001 | Grand Cayman Island | [381] |
United States
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1538.7 | 60.58 | Harvey 2017 | Nederland, Texas | [35] |
2 | 1321 | 52.02 | Lane 2018 | Mountainview, Hawaii | [382][383] |
3 | 1321 | 52.00 | Hiki 1950 | Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station, Hawaii | [384] |
4 | 1219 | 48.00 | Amelia 1978 | Medina, Texas | [35] |
5 | 1148 | 45.20 | Easy 1950 | Yankeetown, Florida | [35] |
6 | 1143 | 45.00 | Claudette 1979 | Alvin, Texas | [35] |
7 | 1096 | 43.15 | Imelda 2019 | Jefferson County, Texas | [385] |
8 | 1058.7 | 41.68 | T. D. #15 1970 | Jayuya, Puerto Rico | [35] |
9 | 1033 | 40.68 | Allison 2001 | Northwest Jefferson County, Texas | [35] |
10 | 985 | 38.76 | Paul 2000 | Kapapala Ranch 36, Hawaii | [386] |
Vanuatu
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 847.6 | 33.37 | Bola 1988 | Lamap | [387] |
2 | 545.0 | 21.46 | Dani 1999 | Bauerfield Airport | [388] |
3 | 369.1 | 14.53 | Vania 2011 | Aneityum | [389] |
4 | 270.0 | 10.63 | Eric 1985 | Surukavian, Pentecost | [390] |
5 | 266.6 | 10.50 | Sarah 1994 | Santo-Pekoa International Airport | [391] |
6 | 254.4 | 10.02 | Ivy 2004 | Bauerfield Airport | [392] |
7 | 247.6 | 9.748 | Anne 1988 | Santo-Pekoa International Airport | [391] |
8 | 246.6 | 9.709 | Nigel 1985 | Santo-Pekoa International Airport | [391] |
9 | 223.7 | 8.807 | Zuman 1998 | Santo-Pekoa International Airport | [391] |
10 | 219.3 | 8.634 | Esau 1992 | Santo-Pekoa International Airport | [391] |
Venezuela
A few tropical cyclones have skimmed the northern coast of South America over recent decades. Tropical Storm Bret (1993) dropped 339 millimetres (13.3 in) of rain in ten hours at Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela.[393]
Vietnam
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1,773 | 69.8 | Peipah 2007 | Nam Đông | [394] |
2 | 1,691 | 66.6 | Tropical Depression Ofel 2020 | Kỳ Thượng | [395] |
3 | 1,369 | 53.9 | Tropical Depression 06W 2007 | Hương Khê | [394] |
4 | 1,239 | 48.8 | September 2009 Vietnam tropical depression | Da Nang | [396] |
5 | 914 | 36.0 | Ketsana 2009 | Quảng Nam | [396] |
6 | 788 | 31.0 | Lekima 2007 | [394] | |
7 | 747 | 29.4 | Aere 2016 | Đồng Hới, Quảng Bình | [397] |
8 | 699 | 27.5 | Ira 1990 | [329] | |
9 | 666 | 26.2 | Mirinae 2009 | Vân Canh | [396] |
10 | 550 | 21.7 | Xangsane 2006 | [398] |
See also
- China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
- Extratropical cyclone
- List of wettest tropical cyclones
- List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States
- Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
- Tropical cyclone
- Tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
- Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting
- Tropical cyclogenesis
- United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
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External links
- Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data from the United States Weather Prediction Centre
- Camp Perrin, Haiti Rainfall Records
- Hurricane Impacts on Jamaica
- Major Hydrologic Events in Cuba since 1962
- Maximum 24-hour rainfall totals on Guam 1924–1992
- Pacific ENSO update – 1st quarter 2005
- Typhoon Rainfall Statistics and Forecasting (China)
- World Records for Tropical Cyclone Rainfall