Lists of Olympic medalists
This article includes lists of all Olympic medalists since 1896, organized by each Olympic sport or discipline, and also by Olympiad.
Olympic Games |
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Main topics |
Games |
Medalist with most medals by sport
Summer Olympic sports
Discipline (link to medalists list) | Contested | Number of | Medals awarded | Athlete(s) with the most medals (gold–silver–bronze) |
Athlete(s) with the most gold medals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olympics (up to 2016) |
Medal events (in 2016) |
Total | |||||||
Archery | 1900–1908; 1920; since 1972 | 16 | 4 | 58 | 57 | 48 | 163 | Hubert van Innis (BEL) (6–3–0) | Hubert van Innis (BEL) (6–3–0) |
Artistic swimming | Since 1984 | 9 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 39 | Anastasia Davydova (RUS) (5–0–0) Miya Tachibana (JPN) (0–4–1) Miho Takeda (JPN) (0–4–1) |
Anastasia Davydova (RUS) (5–0–0) |
Athletics (men, women) |
Since 1896 | 28 | 47 | 886 | 891 | 885 | 2662 | Paavo Nurmi (FIN) (9–3–0) | Paavo Nurmi (FIN) (9–3–0) Carl Lewis (USA) (9–1–0) |
Badminton | Since 1992 | 7 | 5 | 24 | 24 | 28 | 76 | Gao Ling (CHN) (2–1–1) | Gao Ling (CHN) (2–1–1) Kim Dong-moon (KOR) (2–0–1) Zhang Nan (CHN) (2–0–1) Zhao Yunlei (CHN) (2–0–1) Ge Fei (CHN) (2–0–0) Gu Jun (CHN) (2–0–0) Lin Dan (CHN) (2–0–0) Zhang Jun (CHN) (2–0–0) Zhang Ning (CHN) (2–0–0) |
Baseball | 1992–2008; 2020; 2028 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 | Pedro Luis Lazo (CUB) (2–2–0) | Pedro Luis Lazo (CUB) (2–2–0) |
Basketball | Since 1936 | 19 | 2 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 78 | Teresa Edwards (USA) (4–0–1) | Teresa Edwards (USA) (4–0–1) Sue Bird (USA) (4–0–0) Tamika Catchings (USA) (4–0–0) Lisa Leslie (USA) (4–0–0) Diana Taurasi (USA) (4–0–0) |
Boxing | 1904; 1908; since 1920 |
25 | 13 | 226 | 226 | 389 | 841 | László Papp (HUN) (3–0–0) Félix Savón (CUB) (3–0–0) Teófilo Stevenson (CUB) (3–0–0) Boris Lagutin (URS) (2–0–1) Oleg Saitov (RUS) (2–0–1) Zou Shiming (CHN) (2–0–1) Roberto Cammarelle (ITA) (1–1–1) Zbigniew Pietrzykowski (POL) (0–1–2) Arnold Vanderlyde (NED) (0–0–3) |
László Papp (HUN) (3–0–0) Félix Savón (CUB) (3–0–0) Teófilo Stevenson (CUB) (3–0–0) |
Canoeing and Kayaking (men, women) |
Since 1936 | 19 | 16 | 194 | 194 | 194 | 582 | Birgit Fischer (GER) (8–4–0) | Birgit Fischer (GER) (8–4–0) |
Cycling (men, women) |
Since 1896 | 28 | 18 | 206 | 206 | 202 | 614 | Bradley Wiggins (GBR) (5–1–2) | Chris Hoy (GBR) (6–1–0) Jason Kenny (GBR) (6–1–0) |
Diving | Since 1904 | 26 | 8 | 106 | 106 | 108 | 320 | Dmitri Sautin (RUS) (2–2–4) | Wu Minxia (CHN) (5–1–1) Chen Ruolin (CHN) (5–0–0) |
Equestrian | 1900; since 1912 |
25 | 6 | 135 | 133 | 133 | 401 | Isabell Werth (FRG) (6–4–0) | Isabell Werth (FRG) (6–4–0) Reiner Klimke (FRG) (6–0–2) |
Fencing (men, women) |
Since 1896 | 28 | 10 | 191 | 191 | 190 | 572 | Edoardo Mangiarotti (ITA) (6–5–2) | Aladár Gerevich (HUN) (7–1–2) |
Field hockey | 1908; 1920; since 1928 |
23 | 2 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 86 | Leslie Claudius (IND) (3–1–0) Udham Singh (IND) (3–1–0) Teun de Nooijer (NED) (2–2–0) Luciana Aymar (ARG) (0–2–2) |
Leslie Claudius (IND) (3–1–0) Udham Singh (IND) (3–1–0) Richard Allen (IND) (3–0–0) Dhyan Chand (IND) (3–0–0) Ranganandhan Francis (IND) (3–0–0) Randhir Singh Gentle (IND) (3–0–0) Rechelle Hawkes (AUS) (3–0–0) Balbir Singh, Sr. (IND) (3–0–0) |
Football (soccer) | 1900–1928; since 1936 |
26 | 2 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 85 | Christie Rampone (USA) (3–1–0) |
Christie Rampone (USA) (3–1–0) Shannon Boxx (USA) (3–0–0) Heather Mitts (USA) (3–0–0) Heather O'Reilly (USA) (3–0–0) |
Golf | 1900–1904, since 2016 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 19 | Margaret Abbott (USA) (1–0–0) Inbee Park (KOR) (1–0–0) George Lyon (CAN) (1–0–0) Justin Rose (GBR) (1–0–0) Charles Sands (USA) (1–0–0) |
Margaret Abbott (USA) (1–0–0) Inbee Park (KOR) (1–0–0) George Lyon (CAN) (1–0–0) Justin Rose (GBR) (1–0–0) Charles Sands (USA) (1–0–0) |
Gymnastics (men, women) |
Since 1896 | 28 | 18 | 330 | 312 | 314 | 956 | Larisa Latynina (URS) (9–5–4) | Larisa Latynina (URS) (9–5–4) |
Handball (men, women) |
1936; since 1972 |
13 | 2 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 60 | Andrey Lavrov (RUS) (3–0–1) Oh Seong-ok (KOR) (1–2–1) |
Andrey Lavrov (RUS) (3–0–1) |
Judo | 1964; since 1972 |
13 | 14 | 109 | 108 | 218 | 435 | Ryoko Tani (JPN) (2–2–1) | Tadahiro Nomura (JPN) (3–0–0) |
Modern pentathlon | Since 1912 | 24 | 2 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 108 | Pavel Lednyov (URS) (2–2–3) | András Balczó (HUN) (3–2–0) |
Rowing (men, women) |
Since 1900 | 27 | 14 | 226 | 226 | 216 | 668 | Elisabeta Lipă (ROU) (5–2–1) | Elisabeta Lipă (ROU) (5–2–1) Georgeta Damian (ROU) (5–0–1) Steve Redgrave (GBR) (5–0–1) |
Rugby | 1900; 1908; 1920; 1924; (Rugby sevens from 2016) |
5 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 16 | Joseph Hunter (USA) (2–0–0) Charles Lee Tilden, Jr. (USA) (2–0–0) Colby Slater (USA) (2–0–0) |
Joseph Hunter (USA) (2–0–0) Charles Lee Tilden, Jr. (USA) (2–0–0) Colby Slater (USA) (2–0–0) |
Sailing | 1900; since 1908 |
26 | 10 | 165 | 157 | 150 | 472 | Ben Ainslie (GBR) (4–1–0) Robert Scheidt (BRA) (2–2–1) Torben Grael (BRA) (2–1–2) |
Ben Ainslie (GBR) (4–1–0) Paul Elvstrøm (DEN) (4–0–0) |
Shooting | 1896; 1900; 1908–1924; since 1932 |
26 | 15 | 242 | 243 | 242 | 727 | Carl Osburn (USA) (5–4–2) | Carl Osburn (USA) (5–4–2) Willis Augustus Lee (USA) (5–1–1) Ole Lilloe-Olsen (NOR) (5–1–0) Alfred Lane (USA) (5–0–1) Morris Fisher (USA) (5–0–0) |
Softball | 1996–2008; 2020; 2028 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 | Lisa Fernandez (USA) (3–0–0) | Lisa Fernandez (USA) (3–0–0) |
Swimming (men, women) |
Since 1896 | 28 | 34 | 490 | 486 | 491 | 1467 | Michael Phelps (USA) (23–3–2) | Michael Phelps (USA) (23–3–2) |
Table tennis | Since 1988 | 8 | 4 | 24 | 24 | 28 | 76 | Wang Nan (CHN) (4–1–0) Wang Hao (CHN) (2–3–0) |
Wang Nan (CHN) (4–1–0) Deng Yaping (CHN) (4–0–0) Zhang Yining (CHN) (4–0–0) |
Taekwondo | Since 2000 | 5 | 8 | 24 | 24 | 32 | 80 | Hwang Kyung-seon (KOR) (2–0–1) Steven López (USA) (2–0–1) Hadi Saei (IRI) (2–0–1) María Espinoza (MEX) (1–1–1) |
Hwang Kyung-seon (KOR) (2–0–1) Steven López (USA) (2–0–1) Hadi Saei (IRI) (2–0–1) Chen Zhong (CHN) (2–0–0) Jade Jones (GBR) (2–0–0) Wu Jingyu (CHN) (2–0–0) |
Tennis | 1896–1924; since 1988 |
15 | 5 | 56 | 56 | 71 | 183 | Venus Williams (USA) (4–1–0) Kitty McKane (GBR) (1–2–2) |
Venus Williams (USA) (4–1–0) Serena Williams (USA) (4–0–0) |
Triathlon | Since 2000 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | Alistair Brownlee (GBR) (2–0–0) Nicola Spirig (SUI) (1–1–0) Simon Whitfield (CAN) (1–1–0) Jonathan Brownlee (GBR) (0–1–1) Bevan Docherty (NZL) (0–1–1) |
Alistair Brownlee (GBR) (2–0–0) |
Volleyball | Since 1964 | 14 | 4 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 96 | Ana Fernández (CUB) (3–0–1) Kerri Walsh Jennings (USA) (3–0–1) Inna Ryskal (URS) (2–2–0) Sérgio Santos (BRA) (2–2–0) Sergey Tetyukhin (RUS) (1–1–2) Samuele Papi (ITA) (0–2–2) |
Ana Fernández (CUB) (3–0–1) Kerri Walsh Jennings (USA) (3–0–1) Regla Bell (CUB) (3–0–0) Marlenis Costa (CUB) (3–0–0) Idalmis Gato (CUB) (3–0–0) Lilia Izquierdo (CUB) (3–0–0) Karch Kiraly (USA) (3–0–0) Mireya Luis (CUB) (3–0–0) Misty May-Treanor (USA) (3–0–0) Regla Torres (CUB) (3–0–0) |
Water polo | 1900; since 1908 |
26 | 2 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 85 | Dezső Gyarmati (HUN) (3–1–1) | Dezső Gyarmati (HUN) (3–1–1) György Kárpáti (HUN) (3–0–1) Tibor Benedek (HUN) (3–0–0) Péter Biros (HUN) (3–0–0) Tamás Kásás (HUN) (3–0–0) Gergely Kiss (HUN) (3–0–0) Tamás Molnár (HUN) (3–0–0) Paulo Radmilovic (GBR) (3–0–0) Charles Sydney Smith (GBR) (3–0–0) Zoltán Szécsi (HUN) (3–0–0) George Wilkinson (GBR) (3–0–0) |
Weightlifting | 1896; 1904; since 1920 |
25 | 15 | 185 | 181 | 182 | 548 | Pyrros Dimas (GRE) (3–0–1) Ronny Weller (GER) (1–2–1) Nikolaj Pešalov (BUL, CRO) (1–1–2) Norbert Schemansky (USA) (1–1–2) |
Pyrros Dimas (GRE) (3–0–1) Kakhi Kakhiashvili (GRE) (3–0–0) Halil Mutlu (TUR) (3–0–0) Naim Süleymanoğlu (TUR) (3–0–0) |
Wrestling (freestyle, Greco-Roman) |
1896; since 1904 |
27 | 18 | 373 | 375 | 392 | 1140 | Wilfried Dietrich (FRG) (1–2–2) | Kaori Icho (JPN) (4–0–0) |
Winter Olympic sports
Discipline (link to medalists list) | Contested | Number of | Medals awarded | Athlete(s) with the most medals (gold-silver-bronze) |
Athlete(s) with the most gold medals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olympics (up to 2014) |
Medal events (in 2014) |
Total | |||||||
Alpine skiing | Since 1936 | 19 | 10 | 132 | 135 | 130 | 397 | Kjetil André Aamodt (NOR) (4–2–2) | Kjetil André Aamodt (NOR) (4–2–2) Janica Kostelić (CRO) (4–2–0) |
Biathlon | 1924[A], Since 1960 | 16 | 11 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 162 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen (NOR) (8–4–1) | Ole Einar Bjørndalen (NOR) (8–4–1) |
Bobsleigh | 1924–1956; since 1964 |
21 | 3 | 39 | 37 | 39 | 115 | Bogdan Musioł (GDR) (1–5–1) | Kevin Kuske (GER) (4–2–0) André Lange (GER) (4–1–0) |
Cross-country skiing | Since 1924 | 22 | 12 | 134 | 132 | 133 | 399 | Marit Bjørgen (NOR) (8–4–3) | Marit Bjørgen (NOR) (8–4–3) Bjørn Dæhlie (NOR) (8–4–0) |
Curling | 1924; since 1998 |
6 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 21 | Anna Le Moine (SWE) (2–0–0) Cathrine Lindahl (SWE) (2–0–0) Eva Lund (SWE) (2–0–0) Anette Norberg (SWE) (2–0–0) John Morris (CAN) (2–0–0) Kaitlyn Lawes (CAN) (2–0–0) Kevin Martin (CAN) (1–1–0) Torger Nergård (NOR) (1–1–0) Mirjam Ott (SUI) (0–2–0) |
Anna Le Moine (SWE) (2–0–0) Cathrine Lindahl (SWE) (2–0–0) Eva Lund (SWE) (2–0–0) Anette Norberg (SWE) (2–0–0) John Morris (CAN) (2–0–0) Kaitlyn Lawes (CAN) (2–0–0) |
Figure skating | Summer: 1908; 1920 Winter: since 1924[B] |
24 | 5 | 77 | 75 | 76 | 228 | Scott Moir (CAN) (3–2–0) Tessa Virtue (CAN) (3–2–0) |
Scott Moir (CAN) (3–2–0) Tessa Virtue (CAN) (3–2–0) Gillis Grafström (SWE) (3–1–0) Sonja Henie (NOR) (3–0–0) Irina Rodnina (URS) (3–0–0) |
Freestyle skiing | Since 1992 | 7 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 54 | Kari Traa (NOR) (1–1–1) | Alexandre Bilodeau (CAN) (2–0–0) David Wise (USA) (2–0–0) |
Ice hockey | Summer: 1920 Winter: since 1924[C] |
23 | 2 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 72 | Jayna Hefford (CAN) (4–1–0) Hayley Wickenheiser (CAN) (4–1–0) |
Jayna Hefford (CAN) (4–1–0) Hayley Wickenheiser (CAN) (4–1–0) Caroline Ouellette (CAN) (4–0–0) |
Luge | Since 1964 | 14 | 4 | 37 | 35 | 36 | 108 | Armin Zöggeler (ITA) (2–1–3) | Natalie Geisenberger (GER) (4–0–1) Tobias Arlt (GER) (4–0–0) Tobias Wendl (GER) (4–0–0) |
Nordic combined | Since 1924 | 22 | 3 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 84 | Felix Gottwald (AUT) (3–1–3) | Samppa Lajunen (FIN) (3–2–0) Felix Gottwald (AUT) (3–1–3) Eric Frenzel (GER) (3–1–2) Ulrich Wehling (GDR) (3–0–0) |
Short track speed skating | Since 1992 | 7 | 8 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 96 | Viktor Ahn (RUS) / Ahn Hyun-soo (KOR) (6–0–2) Apolo Anton Ohno (USA) (2–2–4) Arianna Fontana (ITA) (1–2–5) |
Viktor Ahn (RUS) / Ahn Hyun-soo (KOR) (6–0–2) |
Skeleton | 1924; 1948; Since 2002 |
6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | Lizzy Yarnold (GBR) (2–0–0) Martins Dukurs (LAT) (0–2–0) John Heaton (USA) (0–2–0) Gregor Stähli (SUI) (0–0–2) |
Lizzy Yarnold (GBR) (2–0–0) |
Ski jumping | Since 1924 | 22 | 4 | 38 | 39 | 37 | 114 | Matti Nykänen (FIN) (4–1–0) | Matti Nykänen (FIN) (4–1–0) Simon Ammann (SUI) (4–0–0) |
Snowboarding | Since 1998 | 5 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 42 | Shaun White (USA) (3–0–0) Jamie Anderson (USA) (2–1–0) Kelly Clark (USA) (1–0–2) Žan Košir (SLO) (0–1–2) |
Shaun White (USA) (3–0–0) |
Speed skating | Since 1924 | 22 | 12 | 152 | 155 | 148 | 455 | Ireen Wüst (NED) (5–5–1) | Lidiya Skoblikova (URS) (6–0–0) |
^ A. Including military patrol event at 1924 Games, which IOC now refers to biathlon.
^ B. Figure skating was held at the 1908 and 1920 Summer Olympic games prior to the establishment of the Winter Olympics. 21 medals (seven of each color) were awarded in seven events.
^ C. A men's ice hockey tournament was held at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and then added as a Winter Olympics event. Three medals were awarded.
Discontinued summer sports
Discipline | Contested | Number of Olympics |
Medals awarded | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | ||||||
Basque pelota | 1900 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Cricket | 1900 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Croquet | 1900 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
Jeu de paume | 1908 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Lacrosse | 1904–1908 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Polo | 1900; 1908; 1920; 1924; 1936 |
5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 16 |
Rackets | 1908 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
Roque | 1904 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Tug of war | 1900–1920 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 13 |
Water motorsports | 1908 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Medalist with most medals by Olympiad
Summer Olympic Games
^ D. The IOC site for the 1900 Olympic Games gives erroneous figure of 95 events, while the IOC database for the 1900 Olympic Games lists 85 ones.
^ E. The IOC site for the 1904 Olympic Games gives erroneous figure of 91 events, while the IOC database for the 1904 Olympic Games lists 94 ones.
^ F. The IOC site for the 1920 Olympic Games gives erroneous figure of 154 events, while the IOC database for the 1920 Olympic Games lists 156 ones.
^ G. Due to Australian quarantine laws, 6 equestrian events were held in Stockholm several months before the rest of the 1956 Games in Melbourne.
^ H. The IOC site for the 1956 Olympic Games gives figure of 145 events, however actually there was 151 (145 events in Melbourne and 6 equestrian events in Stockholm).
Winter Olympic Games
Medalists by age
By sport
Title | Age | Medalist | Details | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Freestyle skiing | ||||
Youngest freestyle skiing medalist | 19 years 321 days | Justine Dufour-Lapointe | [1] | |
Youngest freestyle skiing gold medalist | 19 years 321 days | Justine Dufour-Lapointe | [1] | |
Youngest female freestyle skiing medalist | 19 years 321 days | Justine Dufour-Lapointe | [1] | |
Youngest female freestyle skiing gold medalist | 19 years 321 days | Justine Dufour-Lapointe | At the 2014 Winter Olympics, Justine Dufour-Lapointe became the youngest freestyle skiing gold medalist. In the women's moguls, she finished just ahead of her older sister, Chloé, who took the silver medal; her eldest sister, Maxime, finished 12th. They became the third pair of sisters to finish 1-2 in an event at the Winter Games. It was the fifth time three siblings have competed at the same event at the Winter Games. | |
Biathlon | ||||
Oldest biathlon medalist | 40 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen | [3] | |
Oldest biathlon gold medalist | 40 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen | [3] | |
Oldest male biathlon medalist | 40 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen | [3] | |
Oldest male biathlon gold medalist | 40 | Ole Einar Bjørndalen | At 2014 Winter Olympics, Ole Einar Bjørndalen won gold at the 10 km sprint biathlon event, tying the record number of total medals in the Winter Olympics at 12, along with Bjørn Dæhlie, and becoming the oldest Winter Olympics medalist at age 40. | [3] |
Skeleton | ||||
Oldest skeleton gold medalist | 39 | Duff Gibson | [4] | |
Oldest male skeleton gold medalist | 39 | Duff Gibson | At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Duff Gibson became the oldest Winter Games gold medalist by winning gold in skeleton. He has subsequently been eclipsed as the oldest gold medalist at the Winter Games. | [4] |
Luge | ||||
Youngest luge gold medalist | 20 | Felix Loch | [5] | |
Youngest male luge gold medalist | 20 | Felix Loch | At the 2010 Winter Olympics, he became the youngest ever Olympic luge gold medalist. | [5] |
Cycling | ||||
Oldest cycling gold medalist | 42 | Kristin Armstrong | At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she became the oldest cycling gold medalist, when she won the women's road time trial race, defending her gold medal from Beijing 2008. She repeated her success at the 2016 Summer Olympics, winning third gold in a row and setting a new record. | [6] |
Oldest female cycling gold medalist | 42 | Kristin Armstrong | [6] | |
Athletics | ||||
Oldest athletics medalist | 48 | Terence Lloyd Johnson | [7] | |
Oldest athletics gold medalist | 42 | Pat McDonald | [7] | |
Oldest male athletics medalist | 48 | Terence Lloyd Johnson | At the 1948 Summer Olympics, he won bronze in the men's 50 km walk. | [7] |
Oldest male athletics gold medalist | 42 | Pat McDonald | At the 1920 Summer Olympics, he won the men's 56 lbs toss. | [7] |
Oldest female athletics medalist | 40 | Merlene Ottey | At the 2000 Summer Olympics, she won bronze in the women's 100m dash. | [7] |
Oldest female athletics gold medalist | 39 | Ellina Zvereva | At the 2000 Summer Olympics, she won gold for the discus throw. | [7] |
Swimming | ||||
Oldest swimming medalist | 41 | Dara Torres | Torres won silver for the women's 4x100 freestyle team relay as anchor at the 2008 Summer Olympics. | [8] |
Oldest male swimming medalist | 38 | William Robinson | Robinson won silver for the men's 200m breaststroke at the 1908 Summer Olympics. | [8] |
Oldest female swimming medalist | 41 | Dara Torres | [8] | |
Sailing | ||||
Oldest male sailing gold medalist | 54 | Santiago Lange | Lange won gold for the Nacra 17 at the 2016 Summer Olympics. | [9] |
See also
- List of sport awards
- List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
- List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
- List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event
- List of multiple Olympic medalists
- List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games
- List of multiple Olympic medalists in one event
- List of Olympians who won medals in the Summer and Winter Games
- List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games
- Lists of Paralympic medalists
- List of Olympic medalists in art competitions
References
- General
- "Factsheet: Records and medals Games of the Olympiad" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- "Factsheet: Records and medals at the Olympic Winter Games" (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- "Results database". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- "Olympic sports index". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- "Summer games index". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. Retrieved 2009-02-26.
- "Winter games index". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- Specific
- The Canadian Press (8 February 2014). "Dufour-Lapointe sisters win gold and silver in Olympic moguls". CTV News. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014.
- Rod Perry (8 February 2014). "Dufour-Lapointe sisters could make history in women's moguls final". CBC News.
- Eric Williamsen (8 February 2014). "Ole Einar Bjoerndalen Becomes Oldest Winter Olympic Gold Medalist In 10-Kilometer Sprint". Huffington Post.
- Rob Gloster (9 February 2014). "All the winners on day two at Sochi". Sidney Morning Herald.
- Justin Palmer (8 February 2014). "Germany's Loch in pole position to win second gold". Reuters.
- "Kristin Armstrong wins third consecutive gold in women's cycling time trial". ESPN. Associated Press. 11 August 2016.
- Steven Lynch (14 September 2013). "The oldest Olympic medalist". Ask Steven. ESPN.
- Emily Brandon (13 August 2008). "Dara Torres: The Oldest Olympic Swimming Medalist in History". US News and World Report. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014.
- "Rio Olympics 2016: Santiago Lange wins gold with Cecilia Carranza Saroli". www.bbc.com. 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-09-20.
The 54-year-old, the oldest sailor competing in Rio, and his compatriot won the Nacra 17 mixed category.