Maceió

Maceió (Portuguese pronunciation: [masejˈjɔ]), formerly sometimes Anglicised as Macaio, is the capital and the largest city of the coastal state of Alagoas, Brazil. The name "Maceió" is an Indigenous term for a spring. Most maceiós flow to the sea, but some get trapped and form lakes ("lagoas", in Portuguese).

Maceió
Municipality
The Municipality of Maceió
"The Paradise of Waters"
Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
"The Paradise of Waters"
Location of Maceió in the State of Alagoas
Maceió
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 9°39′57″S 35°44′06″W
Country Brazil
State Alagoas
MesoregionLeste Alagoano
MicroregionMaceió, Alagoas, Brasil
FoundedDecember 5, 1815
Government
 • MayorJoão Henrique Caldas (PSB)
Area
 • Total511 km2 (197 sq mi)
Elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,025,360 [1]
Demonym(s)Maceioenses
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
Postal code
57000-001 a 57099-999
Area code+55 82
Websitewww.maceio.al.gov.br

There are numerous maceiós and lakes in this part of Brazil; because of this, the city was named Maceió, and the state, Alagoas. The new Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport connects Maceió with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights. The city is home to the Federal University of Alagoas.

Etymology

The name "Maceió" has origin in the term tupi maçayó or maçaio-k, that means "what it covers the swamp". The Aurélio Dictionary says that the term "maceió" means a temporary and cyclic lagoon that is located at the edge of the sea at the mouth of a watercourse small enough to be interrupted by a silicate bar until the high tide opens the way temporarily cyclically related to the season, river flow, lunar seasons, etc.

Nineteenth-century shipping reports, which reported on ships bringing cotton from Maceió, spelt it as Macaio.[2][3]

History
Maceió in 1905

The city began in an old sugar mill and plantation complex around the 19th century. Its development started with the arrival of ships taking wood from Jaraguá bay.

With the installation of the sugar mills, Maceió started to export sugar, then tobacco, coconut, leather, and some spices. Prosperity made it possible for the settlement to become a village on December 5, 1815. Thanks to its continued growth, Maceió became the capital of the Alagoas state on December 9, 1839.

Maceió is also a port city and due to its port development about 200 years ago it changed from a village into a city.

Geography

The city is located between Mundaú Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean. The city proper has a total population of 922,458 inhabitants (year 2006) living under a tropical climate with average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F). As of 2010, Maceio metropolitan area had a total population of 1,156,287 inhabitants.

Climate

Maceió has a typical tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification: As), with very warm to hot temperatures and high relative humidity all throughout the year. However, these conditions are relieved by a near absence of extreme temperatures and trade winds blowing from the ocean.

January is the warmest month, with mean maximum of 32 °C (89.6 °F) and minimum of 22 °C (71.6 °F) and more sun; July experiences the coolest temperatures, with mean maximum of 27 °C (80.6 °F) and minimum of 17 °C (62.6 °F) accompanied by higher humidity and much more rain.

The natural vegetation surrounding Maceió is tropical rainforest. Rainforests are characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 2,000 millimetres (79 in; 2 m) and 1,700 millimetres (67 in). The soil can be poor because high rainfall tends to leach out soluble nutrients.

Climate data for Maceió (1981–2010, extremes 1961–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.8
(94.6)		 34.9
(94.8)		 35.0
(95.0)		 35.3
(95.5)		 36.4
(97.5)		 31.8
(89.2)		 31.1
(88.0)		 31.8
(89.2)		 39.3
(102.7)		 34.6
(94.3)		 38.4
(101.1)		 35.4
(95.7)		 39.3
(102.7)
Average high °C (°F) 31.0
(87.8)		 31.4
(88.5)		 31.5
(88.7)		 30.6
(87.1)		 29.5
(85.1)		 28.3
(82.9)		 27.6
(81.7)		 27.6
(81.7)		 28.4
(83.1)		 29.9
(85.8)		 30.8
(87.4)		 31.2
(88.2)		 29.8
(85.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.0
(78.8)		 26.2
(79.2)		 26.5
(79.7)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.1
(77.2)		 24.1
(75.4)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.5
(74.3)		 24.1
(75.4)		 25.1
(77.2)		 25.6
(78.1)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.1
(77.2)
Average low °C (°F) 21.4
(70.5)		 21.8
(71.2)		 22.1
(71.8)		 21.8
(71.2)		 21.2
(70.2)		 20.3
(68.5)		 19.7
(67.5)		 19.7
(67.5)		 19.9
(67.8)		 20.3
(68.5)		 20.9
(69.6)		 21.2
(70.2)		 20.9
(69.6)
Record low °C (°F) 17.9
(64.2)		 17.8
(64.0)		 16.4
(61.5)		 13.2
(55.8)		 17.0
(62.6)		 11.3
(52.3)		 15.0
(59.0)		 15.0
(59.0)		 15.8
(60.4)		 17.0
(62.6)		 17.4
(63.3)		 17.9
(64.2)		 11.3
(52.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 83.0
(3.27)		 72.9
(2.87)		 117.4
(4.62)		 207.5
(8.17)		 296.9
(11.69)		 353.8
(13.93)		 265.2
(10.44)		 201.5
(7.93)		 120.2
(4.73)		 61.6
(2.43)		 46.9
(1.85)		 40.5
(1.59)		 1,867.4
(73.52)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9 7 10 16 18 22 23 20 13 7 5 6 156
Average relative humidity (%) 75.9 74.2 74.9 77.8 81.1 82.6 82.8 81.9 78.7 76.1 74.1 73.9 77.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 241.4 218.6 209.6 202.5 198.5 162.8 169.2 180.6 190.2 220.4 247.9 257.5 2,499.2
Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[4]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[5]

Economy

One substantial local industry is based on chemical products from brine pumped from deep wells on the outskirts of Maceió. Another substantial industry is the production of ethanol and sugar from sugarcane grown in the region. In the last thirty years the tourist industry has transformed the coastal areas of the city into vibrant centers of entertainment for Brazilian and foreign tourists (Americans, Italians, French, Germans, Argentinians, etc.).

These coastal neighborhoods include coconut palm trees, playgrounds, squares, open-to-the-public football, volleyball, and basketball fields, residential buildings, bars, nightclubs, tourist-oriented shops, restaurants, banks, hotels, and gambling houses (slot machines and bingo only, since casino games are illegal in Brazil).

The GDP for the city was R$9,143,488,000 (as of 2008);[6] The per capita income for the city was R$9,894 (as of 2008).[7][8]

Strong point in the municipality's economy is tourism. Maceió has a great potential to attract tourists due to its natural beauties and great cultural diversity. In addition, Maceió offers several leisure options and modern spaces for business, such as the new Cultural and Exhibition Center of Maceió, in the Jaraguá district. In September 2005, the Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport, one of the most modern in Brazil, was inaugurated. The Jaraguá neighborhood was very popular during the end of the 1990s, with large investments by the Maceió prefecture. Nowadays, the Jaraguá is a commercial district, equipped with banks, museums and colleges. Nordeste Invest, an event of tourism and real estate investments of international scope, happened in Maceió in the editions of years 2006 and 2009.

Education

University level institutions include:

Top high schools of the city are: Maria Montessori (the best according to ENEM), Colégio Oswaldo Cruz (A.K.A. COC) Colégio Santa Úrsula, Colégio Intensivo, Colégio Marista de Maceió, Colégio Santa Madalena Sofia, Colégio Contato and others. (All private)

Culture
Pajuçara beach.
Hall of the Deodoro Theatre.
2005 Carnival in Maceió.

American jazz and rock and almost all Brazilian styles and dances are played all over the city in bars, pubs, restaurants, nightclubs, street festivals, concerts, private gatherings, and churches all the year round. Some classical music in concerts in the University, in the theater, and museums can also be heard.

Movie theaters can be found in the Maceió Shopping, Pátio Maceió, Parque Shopping Maceió and Farol malls.

Spetacles can be seen at the Deodoro Theatre and Gustavo Leite Theatre.

Théo Brandão Museum (folk and primitive arts), Museum of the Historical and Geografical Institute of Alagoas (fine arts and historical objects), Pierre Chalita Museum (fine arts), Museum of Image and Music (photographic, cinematographic, and sound exhibitions and archives), Museum of sport, Museum of natural history UFAL(museum which serves as the search for the Federal University of Alagoas).

Folk art in the Théo Brandão Museum, and in outdoor markets at Pajuçara Beach and Pontal da Barra where one can buy works by local folk artists.

The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maceió.

Festa Junina

Festa Junina was introduced to Northeastern Brazil by the Portuguese for whom St John's day (also celebrated as Midsummer Day in several European countries), on June 24, is one of the oldest and most popular celebrations of the year. Differently from what happens on the European Midsummer Day, the festivities in Brazil do not take place during the summer solstice but during the tropical winter solstice. The festivities traditionally begin after June 12, on the eve of St Anthony's day, and last until the 29th, which is Saint Peter's day. During these fifteen days, there are bonfires, fireworks, and folk dancing in the streets (step names are in French, which shows the mutual influences between court life and peasant culture in the 17th, 18th, and 19th-century Europe). Typical refreshments and dishes are served. Like during Carnival, these festivities involve costumes-wearing (in this case, peasant costumes), dancing, heavy drinking, and visual spectacles (fireworks display and folk dancing). Like what happens on Midsummer and St John's Day in Europe, bonfires are a central part of these festivities in Brazil.

This is a typical Alagoas revelry that resulted from the union of Reisado (an Epiphany celebration), Auto dos Caboclinhos (Caboclinhos' Play), Chegança (public folk play depicting a naval battle) and Pastoril (outdoor folk play). Its choreography and costumes with colored ribbons and beads reproduce the cathedral's façades on the monumental hats covered with mirrors.

This is a dramatic dance motivated by the sea. It tells the sea adventures of the first navigators in its songs accompanied by guitar and ukulele.

Boi do Carnaval is a popular culture display derived from Bumba-Meu-Boi. It is always presented together with La Ursa (The Bear), Vaqueiro (Cowboy) and a percussion band whose rhythm captivates everyone that hears it.

Gogó da Ema was a famous palm tree with a crooked trunk roughly shaped like a curvilinear letter N. The tree fell on July 27, 1955 at 2:20 in the afternoon.[9] It has become a symbol for Maceian culture and tourism, and there is a beach named after the celebrated tree. The tree also appears in folkloric art and music throughout northeastern Brazil.

Main sights

Maceió is home to numerous beaches, the color of sea varying from emerald green to blue; the water is always clear. The sand is white and there are many coconut plantations.

The Maceió sea has natural pools and reefs a few meters off the coast, that can be accessed by boat or raft sailings. The Mundaú lake is another option for sailing and bathing in transparent water.

Historical buildings include the Cathedral of Our Lady of Pleasures (1840), the Deodoro Theatre, the Municipal Market, the Historical Institute Museum and the Floriano Peixoto Palace, seat of Alagoas State government.

Panoramic view of Pajuçara beach and Ponta Verde (in the background)

Food

Gastronomy include fishes, shrimps, crabs and lobsters are some of Maceió's specialties. Fresh seafood is prepared from local recipes, such as tapioca, acaraje, carne-de-sol, cuscuz de tapioca. A kind of mollusk, the sururu, is appreciated in the city and is incorporated in many typical dishes.

Transportation

Public Transportation
Maceió Light Train
Aeroporto Internacional de Maceió-Zumbi dos Palmares entrance photographed 2007.

Maceió is served by Maceió Urban Rail, a light rail system.

International Airport

Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport located outside Maceió serves the area with international connections to Milan in Italy and Buenos Aires in Argentina, as well as cities throughout Brazil.

In 2012 the airport handled 1,719,979 passengers.

Port

The Port of Jaraguá is a Brazilian port located in Maceió. The commercial and economic development of the Port of Jaraguá, next to the margins of the Mundaú lagoon, was responsible for the emergence of an important settlement that received the name of Maceió and later became the present capital of Alagoas. The Port of Jaraguá is situated in a natural port area that facilitates the ships docking. During the Brazilian colonial period, the most important products exported from there port were sugar, tobacco, coconut and spices.

Highways

Maceió is connected to the main cities of Brazil by the BR-104, BR-101, BR-316 and AL-101 highways. The distances to other Braziian cities are below.

Twin towns – sister cities

Neighborhoods

There are today about 50 boroughs in Maceió:

  • Antares
  • Barro Duro
  • Bebedouro
  • Benedito Bentes
  • Bom Parto
  • Canaã
  • Centro de Maceió (Downtown)
  • Chã de Bebedouro
  • Chã da Jaqueira
  • Cidade Universitária
  • Clima Bom
  • Cruz das Almas
  • Farol
  • Feitosa
  • Fernão Velho
  • Garça Torta
  • Gruta de Lourdes
  • Guaxuma
  • Ipioca
  • Jacarecica
  • Jacintinho
  • Jaraguá
  • Jardim Petrópolis
  • Jatiúca
  • Levada
  • Mangabeiras
  • Mutange
  • Ouro Preto
  • Pajuçara
  • Pescaria
  • Pinheiro
  • Pitanguinha
  • Poço
  • Ponta da Terra
  • Ponta Grossa
  • Ponta Verde
  • Pontal da Barra
  • Prado
  • Petrópolis
  • Riacho Doce
  • Rio Novo
  • Santa Amélia
  • Santo Amaro
  • Santos Dumont
  • São Jorge
  • Serraria
  • Tabuleiro do Martins
  • Trapiche da Barra
  • Vergel do Lago.

Surrounding highlights
A cast metal statue of a wild boar made by the Fonderies du Val d'Osne, France, in a square in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.

Notable people
Zagallo football coach born in Maceió.

References
  1. IBGE 2020
  2. "Brazil)". Liverpool Mercury. Imports (705). 26 Nov 1824 – via British Library via Gale via State Library of South Australia free home access. (Microfilm reel 3463).
  3. "Liverpool, Friday, November 26th". Liverpool Mercury (705). 26 Nov 1824 – via British Library via Gale via State Library of South Australia free home access. (Microfilm reel 3463).
  4. "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  5. "Station Maceio" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  6. GDP (PDF) (in Portuguese). Maceió, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  7. per capita income (PDF) (in Portuguese). Maceió, Brazil: IBGE. 2005. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  8. "Maceió at Cidades@ of the IBGE". IBGE.gov.br. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
  9. "Praça Gogó da Ema" from Coisas de Maceió: O portal dos alagoanos (Things from Maceió: The port of the Alagoans) (website) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2008-02-05.
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