Giant Geyser

Giant Geyser is a cone-type geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Giant Geyser is the namesake for the Giant Group of geysers, which, on its platform, includes Bijou Geyser, Catfish Geyser, Mastiff Geyser, the "Platform Vents," and Turtle Geyser. Giant Geyser's Platform, a raised stone structure incorporating all these geysers. Giant is notable for its spectacular, but sporadic eruptions, as well as for its very large cone of geyserite, which stands about 12 feet tall.[2]

Giant Geyser
Giant geyser eruption 1952
Name originNamed by the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition on September 18, 1870
LocationUpper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, Wyoming
Coordinates44.4707661°N 110.8407669°W / 44.4707661; -110.8407669[1]
Elevation7,323 feet (2,232 m) [1]
TypeCone geyser
Eruption height250 feet (76 m)
Frequencyvariable days to weeks
Northern section of Upper Geyser Basin

History

On September 18, 1870 the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition entered the Upper Geyser Basin and observed geysers erupting. During their day and a half explorations, they named seven geysers in the basin, including Giant. Nathaniel P. Langford in his 1871 Scribner's account described the Giant.

"The Giant" has a rugged crater, ten feet in diameter on the outside, with an irregular orifice five or six feet in diameter. It discharges a vast body of water, and the only time we saw it in eruption the flow of water in a column five feet in diameter, and one hundred and forty feet in vertical height, continued uninterruptedly for nearly three hours. The crater resembles a miniature model of the Coliseum.[3]

Eruptions
Giant Geyser Last Eruption

Giant can go long periods between eruptions.[4] Its activity level varies considerably from year to year.[5] For several years starting in 1955 it was dormant, and from 1963 through 1987 only six eruptions were known to have occurred. By contrast, around 1997 the interval between eruptions averaged as little as four days. The most recent active phase of Giant Geyser started on August 6, 2005 and continued until April 29, 2008, when activity decreased dramatically; there was a single eruption again on August 26, 2008. There were 11 eruptions in 2005, 47 in 2006, 54 in 2007 (the most eruptions for any year since 1955), and 13 in 2008. There were no recorded eruptions in 2009 and 2 in January 2010.[6] Giant Geyser erupted on September 28, 2015.[7] Most recently, Giant Geyser erupted on March 10, 2019. After which, Giant re-entered a state of dormancy. The reasons for this variability are unknown.

The spectacular scale of a Giant eruption, combined with relatively frequent activity in recent years, has caused the geyser to be the object of much study and much has been learned about its eruptive behavior. Giant steams and splashes even during inactive periods, but eruptions can happen only during so-called "hot periods" when there are changes in the activity of the other springs on the Giant Platform as well as more intense splashing in Giant itself. Hot periods typically last a few minutes, and most do not lead to an eruption. When the hot period ends, activity on the Platform returns to normal, and it may be tens of minutes to hours before the next hot period occurs. When Giant does erupt, the activity can be quite dramatic, lasting about an hour and sometimes reaching over 250 feet.[8]

year Number of eruptions
200647
200754
200810-20
20091?
20102
20110
20120
20130
20140
20151
20160
20173
201828
20198
Images of Giant Geyser
  • Original sketch of Giant Geyser as discovered by the Washburn Expedition of 1870[9]
  • Cone of Giant Geyser
  • Giant Geyser, 1909

References
  1. "Giant Geyser". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  2. "Giant Geyser Cone". Yellowstone: Historic 3-D Photographs Featuring Park Geology. US Geologic Survey. Archived from the original on September 23, 2006.
  3. Langford, Nathaniel P. (May–June 1871). "The Wonders of the Yellowstone". Scribner's Monthly. II (1–2): 124.
  4. "Giant Geyser". Geyser Observation and Study Association (GOSA).
  5. Bryan, T. Scott (May 1995). Geysers of Yellowstone, The (3rd ed.). University Press of Colorado. ISBN 0-87081-365-X.
  6. "Giant Geyser, Eruptive activity since 1955". Geyser Observation and Study Association (GOSA).
  7. "Giant Geyser September 28, 2015". Yellowstone Insider.
  8. "Giant Geyser". Old Faithful Area Tour. National Park Service.
  9. Langford, Nathaniel Pitt (1905). The Discovery of Yellowstone Park; Diary of the Washburn Expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers in the Year 1870. St. Paul, MN: Frank Jay Haynes. pp. 123.
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