Lake County, Ohio

Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 230,041.[2] The county seat is Painesville.[3] The county was established on March 6, 1840 from land given by Cuyahoga and Geauga Counties. Its name is derived from its location on the southern shore of Lake Erie.[4]

Lake County
U.S. county
Lake County Courthouse
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°49′N 81°14′W
Country United States
State Ohio
FoundedMarch 6, 1840[1]
Named forLake Erie
SeatPainesville
Largest cityMentor
Area
 • Total979 sq mi (2,540 km2)
 • Land227 sq mi (590 km2)
 • Water752 sq mi (1,950 km2)  77%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
230,149
 • Density1,011/sq mi (390/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district14th
Websitewww.lakecountyohio.gov

Lake County is part of the Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The land that became Lake County was home to the indigenous Erie people prior to the arrival of the French in the region during the early 1600s, and considered by the French to be part of their Colony of New France. Ceded to Great Britain in 1763, the area became part of the Province of Quebec through the Quebec Act of 1774. Following the American Revolutionary War, it became part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory, then was purchased by the Connecticut Land Company in 1795.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 979 square miles (2,540 km2), of which 227 square miles (590 km2) is land and 752 square miles (1,950 km2) (77%) is water.[5] It is Ohio's smallest county by land area but the third-largest by total area. It borders Ontario across Lake Erie.

Adjacent counties

Major highways

National protected area

Physical Geography

Ridges on the Lake Plain physiographic region, and on which some roads are laid, are beaches formed by the various glacial lakes which occurred as the glaciers receded.[6] Lake Maumee was the highest glacial lake at about 760 feet, and left Maumee II beach. Whittlesey beach, formed by Lake Whittlesey at 740 feet, is known as South Ridge. Arkona beach (Lake Arkona) is Middle Ridge, and occurs at about 690 feet. North Ridge is the remnant of Warren beach (Lake Warren), at an elevation of 685 feet. Elkton beach is the northernmost ridge, at 625 feet, an occurred at the time of Lake Elkton. Lake Shore Boulevard follows Elkton beach in Mentor Township.

Mentor Marsh is an Ohio State Nature Preserve.[7] Mentor Marsh is an abandoned channel of the Grand River.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
184013,719—
185014,6546.8%
186015,5766.3%
187015,9352.3%
188016,3262.5%
189018,23511.7%
190021,68018.9%
191022,9275.8%
192028,66725.0%
193041,67445.4%
194050,02020.0%
195075,97951.9%
1960148,70095.7%
1970197,20032.6%
1980212,8017.9%
1990215,4991.3%
2000227,5115.6%
2010230,0411.1%
2019 (est.)230,149[8]0.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2019[2]

In 2010, 92.4% spoke English, 2.7% Spanish, and 1.4% Croatian.[13]

2000 census

As of the census[14] of 2000, the county had 227,511 people, 89,700 households, and 62,520 families. The population density was 997 people per square mile (385/km2). There were 93,487 housing units at an average density of 410 per square mile (158/km2). The county's racial makeup was 95.40% White, 1.99% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. 1.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.5% were of German, 14.6% Italian, 12.7% Irish, 8.1% English, 6.2% Polish, 5.7% American and 5.4% Slovene ancestry according to Census 2000. 93.6% spoke English, 1.9% Spanish, and 0.8% Croatian as their first language.[13]

There were 89,700 households, out of which 31.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.10% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.30% were non-families. 25.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.03.

The county's population was spread out, with 24.20% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 24.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.50 males.

The county's median household income was $48,763, and the median family income was $57,134. Males had a median income of $40,916 versus $28,434 for females. The county's per capita income was $23,160. About 3.50% of families and 5.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.50% of those under age 18 and 5.40% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 230,041 people, 94,156 households, and 62,384 families residing in the county.[15] The population density was 1,011.2 inhabitants per square mile (390.4/km2). There were 101,202 housing units at an average density of 444.9 per square mile (171.8/km2).[16] The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 3.2% black or African American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% American Indian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.4% of the population.[15] In terms of ancestry, 26.4% were German, 18.9% were Irish, 16.4% were Italian, 11.5% were English, 7.6% were Polish, 5.4% were Hungarian, and 3.9% were American.[17]

Of the 94,156 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.7% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 42.3 years.[15]

The median income for a household in the county was $54,896 and the median income for a family was $67,206. Males had a median income of $49,240 versus $36,906 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,221. About 6.0% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.[18]

Private/Independent Schools

Hershey Montessori School is an independent Montessori school located in Concord township in Lake County. It serves students from two months old through sixth grade. Its seventh through twelfth grade campus is located in nearby Huntsburg, Ohio.

Environment
Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light, Fairport Harbor viewed from the Headlands Dunes State Nature Preserve

Scorecard[19] report from 2002 ranks Lake County among the worst 10% of counties in the U.S. in terms of cancer risk, developmental and reproductive toxicants, and other categories as well; this is comparable with most major cities and densely populated areas. Scorecard[19] In 2004, this county ranked among the cleanest/best 10% of all counties in the U.S. in terms of the number of designated Superfund sites.

Lake County has a large public park system, including Lake Metroparks Farmpark. Kirtland is home to the Holden Arboretum and Gildersleeve Mountain. Headlands Beach State Park is in Mentor. The Grand River is a state wild and scenic river and the Chagrin River is a state scenic river.

Transportation
See also: Numbered highways in Lake County, Ohio

Laketran is the transit agency servicing Lake County. Interstate 90 runs northeast–southwest through Lake County, roughly parallel to State Route 2; along with the north–south State Route 44 connecting the two together. These freeways make up the major traffic arteries in the county. Lake County does not have passenger rail service, though Amtrak's New York City-Chicago "Lake Shore Limited" service schedules an eastbound and westbound train through Lake County nightly with stops at Cleveland and Erie. CSXT (former Conrail, née-Penn Central, née-New York Central) and Norfolk Southern (née-Norfolk & Western, née-Nickel Plate Road) provide railroad main line through-freight service. The recently formed Grand River Railroad, operating on former Baltimore & Ohio track, serves the Fairport Harbor area linking the Morton Salt plant with CSXT at Painesville.

Library services

The following libraries serve Lake County:

Additionally, as of 2019, all Lake County libraries are all CLEVNET members.

Politics

Lake County is known as a "purple" or "swing" county within the state. A 2008 analysis of Ohio presidential election results from 1960 to 2004 found no other county more closely follows the statewide Ohio voting pattern.[22] Lake County doesn't always vote with the winner, but consistently is closer to the winner's Ohio vote percentage than any other Ohio county.

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[23][24]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 56.0% 73,278 42.4% 55,514 1.6% 1,990
2016 54.8% 64,255 39.6% 46,397 5.6% 6,538
2012 49.5% 58,744 48.6% 57,680 1.9% 2,241
2008 48.6% 59,142 49.5% 60,155 1.9% 2,345
2004 51.1% 62,193 48.5% 59,049 0.5% 581
2000 50.5% 51,747 45.3% 46,497 4.2% 4,320
1996 41.9% 40,974 44.2% 43,186 13.9% 13,576
1992 38.5% 40,766 35.6% 37,682 26.0% 27,542
1988 56.6% 52,963 42.4% 39,667 1.0% 894
1984 59.1% 54,587 39.8% 36,711 1.1% 1,027
1980 50.3% 43,485 40.8% 35,246 8.9% 7,697
1976 45.8% 36,390 51.3% 40,734 2.9% 2,284
1972 58.9% 42,488 38.2% 27,523 3.0% 2,130
1968 43.4% 28,450 42.6% 27,932 14.0% 9,177
1964 37.7% 23,282 62.4% 38,552
1960 48.9% 32,038 51.1% 33,425
1956 61.1% 31,017 38.9% 19,718
1952 60.5% 23,483 39.5% 15,346
1948 53.8% 12,973 45.0% 10,844 1.2% 291
1944 51.9% 13,697 48.1% 12,713
1940 52.0% 13,464 48.0% 12,408
1936 43.2% 9,386 51.7% 11,213 5.1% 1,108
1932 61.4% 11,792 35.4% 6,801 3.1% 603
1928 74.2% 11,823 25.3% 4,024 0.5% 79
1924 70.7% 7,727 8.9% 974 20.4% 2,226
1920 72.3% 7,465 26.3% 2,711 1.4% 147
1916 51.4% 2,887 46.2% 2,596 2.4% 135
1912 22.9% 1,155 28.3% 1,429 48.8% 2,458
1908 67.0% 3,635 29.6% 1,605 3.5% 188
1904 76.4% 3,824 17.4% 871 6.2% 309
1900 68.4% 3,929 30.2% 1,733 1.4% 81
1896 68.4% 3,745 30.7% 1,682 0.9% 48
1892 67.5% 2,846 27.5% 1,158 5.1% 215
1888 68.4% 2,987 26.5% 1,157 5.2% 225
1884 69.6% 2,925 26.7% 1,120 3.7% 155
1880 71.1% 2,978 26.3% 1,104 2.6% 109
1876 71.3% 2,941 27.7% 1,141 1.1% 44
1872 73.6% 2,751 26.2% 979 0.3% 10
1868 76.6% 2,909 23.4% 889
1864 82.6% 2,787 17.4% 586
1860 77.7% 2,521 19.2% 622 3.1% 100
1856 78.0% 2,371 20.7% 628 1.3% 39

Communities
Map of Lake County, Ohio with Municipal and Township Labels

Cities

Villages

Townships

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

See also

References
  1. "Ohio County Profiles: Lake County" (PDF). Ohio Department of Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2004. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. "Lake County data". Ohio State University Extension Data Center. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  6. White, George W. (1980). Glacial Geology of Lake County, Ohio (PDF). Columbus, Ohio: State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey. p. 8.
  7. "Mentor Marsh State Nature Preserve". State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  8. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  9. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  10. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  11. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  12. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  13. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  15. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  16. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  17. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  18. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  19. scorecard.org
  20. "HAPLR Top Ten by Population". HAPLR Index.
  21. "2005 Ohio Public Library Statistics:Statistics by County and Town". State Library of Ohio. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2006.
  22. Exner, Rich (August 19, 2008). "Ohio's presidential election bellwether: Lake County". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  23. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
  24. "Ohio Historical Election Results". Retrieved January 21, 2021.

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