Martuni, Nagorno-Karabakh

Martuni (Armenian: Մարտունի) or Khojavend (Azerbaijani: Xocavənd (listen)) is a town and de jure centre of the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, de facto in the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh as the centre of its Martuni Province. It is approximately 41 kilometers east of the regional capital, Stepanakert. It has a population of 5,700 as of 2015.[1] The town has an ethnic Armenian-majority population, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989.[2]

For other uses, see Martuni.

Martuni

Մարտունի
Xocavənd
Street in Martuni
Martuni
Martuni
Coordinates: 39°47′43″N 47°06′47″E
Country Azerbaijan (de jure)
 Artsakh (de facto)
DistrictKhojavend (de jure)
ProvinceMartuni (de facto)
Elevation
390 m (1,280 ft)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total5,700[1]
Time zoneUTC+4 (UTC)
Area code(s)(+374) 478

History

Excavations in Martuni have uncovered a number of tombs dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Martuni is also home to several ruined medieval churches and remains of settlements, and khachkars have also been preserved.[3]

During the Soviet period, Martuni was the capital of the Martuni District in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. The population of the town, grouped into kolkhozes, largely occupied itself with raising livestock, grape growing, wheat cultivation, and gardening.[3]

Martuni, and the district itself, became a frontline city during the latter stages of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. In early February 1992, Vazgen Sargsyan, the then Defence Minister of Armenia, appointed Monte Melkonian as Chief of Headquarters and assigned him to lead the defense of Martuni and the surrounding regions.[4] On October 2, 1992, Armenian armed forces captured the region around Martuni. According to an Azerbaijani source, considerable damage was done to the infrastructure of 10 villages settled by Azerbaijanis in the region during the war.[5] Melkonian remained as regional commander until he was killed in combat in June 1993.[6]

Climate
Climate data for Martuni (Khojavend)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9)		 6.4
(43.5)		 10.1
(50.2)		 17.5
(63.5)		 21.7
(71.1)		 26.6
(79.9)		 29.8
(85.6)		 29.7
(85.5)		 24.8
(76.6)		 19.1
(66.4)		 12.6
(54.7)		 8.0
(46.4)		 17.7
(63.8)
Average low °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 1.8
(35.2)		 7.6
(45.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.5
(67.1)		 18.4
(65.1)		 15.2
(59.4)		 10.2
(50.4)		 4.9
(40.8)		 0.6
(33.1)		 8.7
(47.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20
(0.8)		 26
(1.0)		 36
(1.4)		 49
(1.9)		 68
(2.7)		 55
(2.2)		 23
(0.9)		 23
(0.9)		 28
(1.1)		 44
(1.7)		 31
(1.2)		 25
(1.0)		 428
(16.8)
Source: http://en.climate-data.org/location/21894/

Demographics
Ethnic structure of the population of Martuni (town)
Ethnic group Number, 1939 sa.[7] Ratio, 1939 sa.[7] Number, 1970 sa.[8] Ratio, 1970 sa.[8] Number, 1979 sa.[9] Ratio, 1979 sa.[9] Number, 2005 sa.[10] Ratio, 2005 sa.[10]
Total1,906100 %4,654100 %5,497100 %4,878100 %
Armenian1,70189,2 %3,12067 %3,58865.3 %4,86399,7 %
Azerbaijani522,7 %1,48231.8 %1,86233.9 %--
Russian1367,1 %440.9 %410.7 %80,2 %
Ukrainian70,4 %30.1 %10.0 %1<0,1 %
Other100,5 %50.2 %50.1 %60,1 %

References
  1. http://stat-nkr.am/files/publications/2015/LXH_tverov_2015.pdf
  2. Андрей Зубов. "Андрей Зубов. Карабах: Мир и Война". drugoivzgliad.com.
  3. (in Armenian) Anon. «Մարտունի» (Martuni). Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. vol. vii. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1981, p. 352.
  4. See Markar Melkonian (2005). My Brother's Road: An American's Fateful Journey to Armenia. New York: I.B. Tauris, pp. 207ff. ISBN 1-85043-635-5.
  5. https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh/25-years-passed-since-occupation-of-khojavend-region/
  6. Melkonian 2005, p. 264.
  7. Ethno-Caucasus, Этнодемография Кавказа: Мартунинский район (1939 г.)
  8. Ethno-Caucasus, Этнодемография Кавказа: Мартунинский район (1970 г.)
  9. Ethno-Caucasus, Этнодемография Кавказа: Мартунинский район (1979 г.)
  10. "Национальный состав населения самопровозглашённой Нагорно-Карабахской Республики по переписи 2005 года". Population statistics of Eastern Europe & former USSR.
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