Nimruz Province

Nimruz or Nimroz (Dari/Persian: ولایت نیمروز‎; Pashto: نيمروز ولايت‎) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southwestern part of the country. It lays to the east of the Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran and north of Balochistan, Pakistan, also bordering the Afghan provinces of Farah and Helmand. It has a population of about 630,000 people.[2] The province is divided into five districts, encompassing about 649 villages.

"Nimruz" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Nimruz, Iran.
Nimruz

نيمروز
Province
Chakhansur in Nimruz Province
Map of Afghanistan with Nimruz highlighted
Coordinates (Capital): 31.0°N 62.5°E / 31.0; 62.5
Country Afghanistan
CapitalZaranj
Government
 • GovernorSayed Wali Sultan
Area
 • Total43,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total630,000
 • Density15/km2 (38/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time)
ISO 3166 codeAF-NIM
Main languagesPashto
Dari
Balochi[2]

The city of Zaranj serves as the provincial capital and Zaranj Airport, which is located by that city, serves as a domestic airport for the province. The recently-built Kamal Khan Dam is located in Chahar Burjak District.

The name Nimruz means "mid-day" or "half-day" in Persian. The name is believed to indicate that the meridian cutting the old world in half passes through this region. Nimruz covers 43,000 km².[2] It is the most sparsely populated province in the country,[3] located in the Sistan Basin. A substantial part of the province is the barren desert area of Dashti Margo.

History
Further information: History of Afghanistan

The area now composing Nimruz province of Afghanistan was once part of the historical region of Sistan, which over the many centuries was held by the Achaemenid Empire, Alexander the Great and others before being conquered and converted to Islam by the Muslim Arabs in the 7th century. The region became part of the Saffarid dynasty in 860 CE with its capital at Zaranj, which was one of the first local dynasties of the Islamic era. Its founder Yaqub Saffari was born and raised in this region. The territory became part of the Ghaznavids followed by the Ghurids, Timurids, and Safavids.

In the early 18th century, the region fell to the Afghan Hotaki dynasty until they were removed from power in 1738 by Nader Shah. By 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani made it part of Afghanistan after he conquered the territory from northeastern Iran to Delhi in India. Under the modern Afghan governments, the province was known as Chakhansur Province until 1968, when it was separated to form the provinces of Nimruz and Farah.[4] The city of Zaranj became the capital of Nimroz province at that time. During the Soviet–Afghan War, Nimruz province was used by mujahideen crossing back and forth between Afghanistan and neighboring countries. It was also used by Afghan refugees escaping the war as well as by smugglers.

As the Taliban came to power in 1995, they seized the road-controlling town of Delaram (now within Farah Province), and came to an agreement with local mujahideen commanders that the fate of the province would not be decided until a clear victor emerged in the capture of Kabul. However, the Taliban advanced on Nimruz only days later, and the mujahideen under command of Abdul Karim Brahui fled to Iran.

NATO presence and the Karzai administration
Former Governor Abdul Karim Barahawi and Maj. Gen. John A. Toolan, commanding general of Regional Command Southwest, discussing local issues in 2011.

Following US-led invasion in October 2001, the Taliban began losing control of the province to the new Afghan government under President Hamid Karzai.[5] The area is historically known for drugs and weapons smuggling between Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many foreign militants also use the province to go back and forth between the 3 nations. The Delaram–Zaranj Highway was built by the Indian government in 2009, which is one of the main trade route of the country and is expected to boost the socio economic development in the province.

Since 2002, members of the U.S. Marine Corps were present in the province. When the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) arrived to Kandahar, Nimruz province became part of the Regional Command Southwest. The local Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) are being trained by these forces. ISAF is also involved in development activities.

Politics and governance
Further information: Politics of Afghanistan and List of governors of Nimruz

The current governor is Sayed Wali Sultan.[1] His predecessor was Mohammad Samiullah. All law enforcement activities throughout the province are managed by the Afghan National Police (ANP). The borders with neighboring Iran and Pakistan are monitored by the Afghan Border Police (ABP). A provincial police chief is assigned to lead both the ANP and the ABP. The Police Chief represents the Ministry of the Interior in Kabull. The ANP and ABP are backed by the military, including the NATO-led forces.

Healthcare
Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 38% in 2005 to 24% in 2011.[6] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 7% in 2005 to 28% in 2011.[6]

Education
Further information: Education in Afghanistan

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 22% in 2005 to 23% in 2011.[6] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 33% in 2005 to 49% in 2011.[6]

Transport and economy
Further information: Transport in Afghanistan
Delaram-Zaranj Highway at the Afghan-Iranian border crossing in Zaranj.

As of June 2014 Zaranj Airport which is located near the city of Zaranj had regularly scheduled flights to Herat.

The Delaram–Zaranj Highway has been constructed by India via Chaknasur, which is expected to boost the socio economic development in the region.

Trade, farming, and herding is the main source of income for the majority. This includes agriculture and animal husbandry. Animals include sheep, goat, cattle, and poultry. The province produces the following: Wheat, corn, melons, poppies; almost all irrigated.[7]

Nimruz has always been isolated the past. This led to one author in 2010 calling it Afghanistan's "forgotten province." Historically, the territory served as a major smuggling hub due to its border with Iran and Pakistan. The province became popular after the trade route between Iran and Afghanistan became operational, which provides another large income to the Afghan government.[8]

Geography

The Sistan Basin dominates the province. Many parts of the south are covered by the Godzareh depression which includes marshes and dry lakes.[9]

Demography
Ethnolinguistic groups of Afghanistan
Districts of Nimruz

Latest sources put the population of Nimruz Province at approximately 630,000 people.[2] This estimate includes the many Kuchi nomads who inhabit the province seasonally and the native settled people.[10] It is the only province of Afghanistan where the Baloch ethnic group forms a majority.[8] The Balochs are followed by Pashtun, Brahui, Tajik, Uzbek, and Hazara.[2] The Pashtun tribes are mostly Barakzai and Nurzai. Almost all inhabitants except Hazaras follow Sunni Islam.[7] Languages spoken in the province are Pashto, Dari and Balochi.[2]

Population by districts
Districts of Nimruz Province
District Capital Population[11] Area Number of villages and ethnic groups
Chahar Burjak8,08021,864 km265 villages. 88% Baloch, 10% Brahawi, 1% Pashtun, and 1% Tajik.[12]
ChakhansurChakhansur11,1659,699 km2160 villages. Pashtun, Tajik, Baloch and Hazara.[13]
Kang13,5141,250 km2119 villages. 60% Pashtun, 25% Baloch, 15% Tajik.[14]
Khash RodKhash35,3815,766 km263 villages. 55% Pashtun, 20% Baluch, 15% Brahawi, 10% Tajik.[15]
ZaranjZaranj49,851755 km2242 villages. 44% Baloch, 34% Pashtun, and 22% Tajik.[16]

See also

References
  1. "Al-Qaeda and Taliban collaborate in Nimroz in breach of peace agreement". Salaam Times. August 6, 2020. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  2. "Name of the Province: Nimroz". Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: President. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  3. https://communitypolicing.eu/2016/03/30/soldiers-or-police/
  4. Frank Clements. Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1-85109-402-4, ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8. Pg 181
  5. Robert D. Crews, Amin Tarzi. The Taliban and the crisis of Afghanistan. Harvard University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-674-02690-X, 9780674026902. Pg 185-187
  6. Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, https://www.cimicweb.org/AfghanistanProvincialMap/Pages/Nimroz.aspx
  7. "Nimroz" (PDF). Program for Culture & Conflict Studies. Naval Postgraduate School. Retrieved 2012-12-28.
  8. "Afghanistan's Forgotten Province". The Diplomat. December 1, 2010. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  9. https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/LIB100035066
  10. "Settled Population of Nimroz province by Civil Division, Urban, Rural and Sex-2012-13" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Central Statistics Organization. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  11. "Nimrooz Province". Government of Afghanistan and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  12. Charborjak District Archived 2013-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
  13. Chakhansor District Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  14. Kang District Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
  15. Khashrod District
  16. Zaranj District
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