Reutlingen

Reutlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔʏtlɪŋən] (listen)) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of June 2018, it has a population of 115,818.[2] Reutlingen has a university of applied sciences, which was founded in 1855, originally as a weavers' school. Today Reutlingen is home to an established textile industry and also houses machinery, leather goods and steel manufacturing facilities. It has the narrowest street in the world, Spreuerhofstraße (width 31 cm).[3]

Reutlingen
A street view of Reutlingen
Coat of arms
Location of Reutlingen within Reutlingen district
GrafenbergHohensteinLichtensteinMünsingenSt. Johann
Reutlingen
Reutlingen
Coordinates: 48°29′N 9°13′E
CountryGermany
StateBaden-Württemberg
DistrictReutlingen
Government
  Lord mayorThomas Keck (SPD)
Area
  Total87.06 km2 (33.61 sq mi)
Elevation
382 m (1,253 ft)
Population
 (2019-12-31)[1]
  Total115,865
  Density1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
72760–72770
Dialling codes07121, 07072, 07127
Vehicle registrationRT
Websitewww.reutlingen.de

Geography

Achalm tower
Reütlingen – excerpt from Topographia Sueviae (Swabia), publishes 1643 by Matthäus Merian the Elder, Swiss copperplate engraver and publisher

Reutlingen is located about 35 km (22 mi) south of the State capital of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart. It lies in the Southwest corner of Germany, right next to the Swabian Jura, and that is why it is often called The gateway to the Swabian Jura (German: Das Tor zur Schwäbischen Alb). The Echaz river, a tributary of the Neckar, flows through the town centre.

Along with the old university town of Tübingen (about 15 km (9.3 mi) to the west), Reutlingen is the centre of the Neckar-Alb region. It is also part of the larger Stuttgart Metropolitan Region.

History

Imperial City of Reutlingen

Reichsstadt Reutlingen
1240–1803
StatusFree Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
CapitalReutlingen
GovernmentRepublic
Historical eraMiddle Ages
 Founded
4th–5th century
 Gained Reichsfreiheit
1240
 Co-founded Swabian League
1331
 Signed Augsburg Confession
1530
 Destroyed by fire
1726
1803
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Duchy of Württemberg
Electorate of Württemberg
View of Reutlingen from the forest register books created by Andreas Kieser
Spendhaus, first home of the weaving school that would become Reutlingen University

The first settlements in the area are believed to date from the 4th or 5th century. Some time around 1030, Count Egino started to build a castle on top of the Achalm, one of the largest mountains in Reutlingen district (about 706 m). One of the towers of this castle was rebuilt in the 19th century and is open to visitors. The name Reutlingen was first mentioned in writing in the so-called Bempflingen Treaty (German: Bempflinger Vertrag) which is dated approximately 1089–90.

Around 1180, Reutlingen received market rights and, between 1220 and 1240 it was promoted to city status and city-walls and fortifications were built. Shortly thereafter, from 1247 to 1343, the town's landmark, the St. Mary's Church (German: Marienkirche) was built.

In 1377 Reutlingen was the scene of a victory by the Swabian League, formed in the previous year by 14 Swabian cities, led by Ulm, over the Count of Württemberg. In 1519, a later Swabian League came to Reutlingen's help when Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg attempted to seize the city; the League landed a crushing blow, conquering Württemberg and selling it to Charles V. In 1495 and 1516 the Jews were exiled from the town.[4]

As a result of such struggles, Reutlingen became an Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire, free from allegiance to the Duke of Württemberg. In 1530, Reutlingen's city council signed the Augsburg Confession, and in 1580 and the Formula of Concord, key documents of Lutheranism. In 1803, in the wake of the French Revolutionary Wars, Reutlingen lost its independence in the German Mediatisation, being restored to Württemberg.

The worst disaster in the history of Reutlingen happened in 1726, when a major fire swept through the city, destroying 80% of all residential houses and almost all public buildings, and making 1,200 families homeless. The impact of this fire, which lasted three days, is still visible today.

During World War II, the wings of the V-1 flying bomb were manufactured in Reutlingen, making the city the target of several allied bombing raids.

The reconstruction of Reutlingen and its democratization is closely linked to the name Oskar Kalbfells, who was the first democratically elected mayor of the city to shape Reutlingen's political history until 1973 after World War II.

In 1947 Reutlingen came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which merged with the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

On 24 July 2016 a Syrian killed a pregnant woman in a machete attack.[5]

Significant minority groups
NationalityPopulation (2018)
 Romania3,173
 Turkey2,594
 Greece2,013
 Poland1,875
 Kazakhstan1,732
 Russia1,391
 Italy1,305
 Croatia960
 Bosnia and Herzegovina955
 Syria726
 Serbia674

Lord mayors

  • 1929–1933: Karl Haller
  • 1933–1945: Richard Dederer, NSDAP
  • 1945–1973: Oskar Kalbfell, SPD
  • 1973–1994: Manfred Oechsle, CDU
  • 1995–2003: Stefan Schultes, CDU
  • 2003–2019: Barbara Bosch, independent
  • since 2019 Thomas Keck, SPD

Mutscheltag

On Mutscheltag (the first Thursday after Epiphany), townspeople gather in halls and homes to play games of dice, the winner of which earns parts or whole Mutschel loaves of bread. The Mutschelspiele (Mutschel games) consist of small games scored by tally marks, and are won both independently and by grand total at the end of the hour or night. This tradition is unique to the city of Reutlingen.

Notable people

Transport

Bus 4 to Hohbuch on Pestalozzistrasse in Reutlingen

City buses are run by Reutlinger Stadtverkehr (RSV), while trains from Reutlingen Hauptbahnhof and Reutlingen West, -Sondelfingen and Reutlingen-Betzingen are run by Deutsche Bahn and Abellio Rail Baden-Württemberg.

Main sights

  • Church of the Virgin Mary, built in Gothic style in the 13th–14th centuries. Nearby is a statue of emperor Frederick II.
  • Marktbrunnen ("Market Fountain", 16th century), surmounted by the statue of emperor Maximilian II.
  • Spitalhof, built as a hospital in the 14th century. Damaged by a fire, it was largely rebuilt in the 18th century.
  • Church of St. Nicholas, built in the 14th century as a chapel.
  • Gerber- und Färberbrunnen ("Tanners' and Dyers' Fountain"), 1920.
  • City Hall, built in 2013.
  • Spreuerhofstraße, the world's narrowest street.

University

Reutlingen University is a university of applied sciences, focusing on hands-on learning, which is apparent in their mandatory internship for all business majors. The university is an internationally friendly school with over 200 university cooperations worldwide. Classes are generally taught in German; however, in some Bachelor programs and in the Master's programs classes are taught in English.

Climate

Reutlingen
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
112
 
 
−2
−7
 
 
81
 
 
1
−5
 
 
40
 
 
9
−2
 
 
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16
4
 
 
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18
10
 
 
143
 
 
19
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23
14
 
 
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18
9
 
 
102
 
 
14
7
 
 
127
 
 
6
1
 
 
113
 
 
−3
−7
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [6]

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Reutlingen is twinned with:[7]

References

  1. "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2019". Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg (in German). September 2020.
  2. "Einwohnerzahl | Stadt Reutlingen". www.reutlingen.de (in German). Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  3. Engste Straße der Welt (in German)
  4. Erich Keyser (Herausgeber): „Württembergisches Städtebuch"; Band IV Teilband Baden-Württemberg Band 2 aus „Deutsches Städtebuch. p. 99
  5. Darko Janjevic. "Police arrest Syrian man after woman killed in knife attack in Germany". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 25 July 2016. An attacker has allegedly killed one woman and injured five in the city of Reutlingen in southwest Germany, according to local police.
  6. "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  7. "Unsere sieben partnerstädte in Europa, asien, afrika und amerika". reutlingen.de (in German). Reutlingen. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
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