Tamangic languages
The Tamangic languages, TGTM languages, or West Bodish languages, are a family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in the Himalayas of Nepal. They are called "West Bodish" by Bradley (1997), from Bod, the native term for Tibet. TGTM stands for Tamang-Gurung-Thakali-Manang.
| Tamangic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Nepal |
| Linguistic classification | Sino-Tibetan
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | kaik1248 |
Proto-TGTM has been reconstructed in Mazaudon (1994). Tamangic is united with the Bodish and West Himalayish languages in Bradley's (1997) "Bodish" and Van Driem's (2001) Tibeto-Kanauri.
Languages
Ethnolinguistic groups of Nepal; Tamang region marked in blue, Gurung in green, .
The Tamangic languages are:
- Tamang (several divergent varieties, with a million speakers)
- Gurung (two varieties with low mutual intelligibility)
- Thakali (including the Seke dialect; ethnically Tamang)
- Manang language cluster: the closely related Manang, Gyasumdo, Nar Phu, and Nyeshangte languages.
- Chantyal
- Ghale languages (Ghale and Kutang): spoken by ethnic Tamang, perhaps related to Tamangic.
- Kaike (moribund): may be the most divergent.
Footnotes
References
- Bradley, David (1997). "Tibeto-Burman languages and classification". In Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
- Georg, Stefan (1996). Marphatan Thakali. Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Dorfes Marpha im Oberen Kali-Gandaki-Tal/Nepal. München: LINCOM EUROPA. ISBN 90-04-09905-0.
- Mazaudon, Martine. 1994. Problèmes de comparatisme et de reconstruction dans quelques langues de la famille tibéto-birmane. Thèse d'Etat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.