Tavoyan dialects

Tavoyan
	Dawei
Region	Southeast
Ethnicity	incl. Taungyo
Native speakers	ca. 440,000 (2000)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Lolo–Burmese Burmish Southern Burmese Tavoyan; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; tvn – Tavoyan proper; tco – Dawei Tavoyan (Taungyo)
Glottolog	tavo1242 Tavoyan; taun1248 Taungyo

The Tavoyan or Dawei dialect of Burmese (ထားဝယ်စကား) is spoken in Dawei (Tavoy), in the coastal Tanintharyi Region of southern Myanmar (Burma).

Tavoyan retains /-l-/ medial that has since merged into the /-j-/ medial in standard Burmese and can form the following consonant clusters: /ɡl-/, /kl-/, /kʰl-/, /bl-/, /pl-/, /pʰl-/, /ml-/, /m̥l-/. Examples include မ္လေ (/mlè/ → Standard Burmese /mjè/) for "ground" and က္လောင်း (/kláʊɴ/ → Standard Burmese /tʃáʊɴ/) for "school".[2] Also, voicing only with unaspirated consonants, whereas in standard Burmese, voicing can occur with both aspirated and unaspirated consonants. Also, there are many loan words from Malay and Thai not found in Standard Burmese. An example is the word for goat, which is hseit (ဆိတ်) in Standard Burmese but bê (ဘဲ့) in Tavoyan, most likely from Mon /həbeˀ/ (ဗၜေံ) or Thai /pʰɛ́ʔ/ (แพะ).[3]

In the Tavoyan dialect, terms of endearment, as well as family terms, are considerably different from Standard Burmese. For instance, the terms for "son" and "daughter" are ဖစု (/pʰa̰ òu/) and မိစု (/mḭ òu/) respectively.[4] Moreover, the honorific နောင် (Naung) is used in lieu of မောင် (Maung) for young males.[4]

Rhymes

The following is a list of rhyme correspondences unique to the Tavoyan dialect[5]

Written Burmese	Standard Burmese	Tavoyan dialect	Notes
-င် -န် -မ်	/-ɪɴ -aɴ -aɴ/	/-aɴ/
-ဉ် -ျင်	/-ɪɴ -jɪɴ/	/-ɪɴ -jɪɴ/
ောင်	/-aʊɴ/	/-ɔɴ/
ုန်	/-oʊɴ/	/-uːɴ/
ုမ်	/-oʊɴ/	/-aoɴ/
ိမ်	/-eɪɴ/	/-iːɴ/
ုတ်	/-oʊʔ/	/-ṵ/
ုပ်	/-oʊʔ/	/-aoʔ/
-က် -တ် -ပ်	/-ɛʔ -aʔ -aʔ/	/-aʔ/
-ိတ် -ိပ်	/-eɪʔ/	/-ḭ/
-ည်	/-ɛ, -e, -i//	/-ɛ/
-စ် -ျက်	/-ɪʔ -jɛʔ/	/-ɪʔ -jɪʔ/
ေွ	/-we/	/-i/	ေ is pronounced as in standard Burmese

Rhymes
Open syllables	weak = ə full = i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u
Closed syllables	nasal = iːɴ, ɪɴ, aɪɴ, an, ɔɴ, ʊɴ, uːɴ, aoɴ stop = ɪʔ, aɪʔ, aʔ, ɔʔ, ʊʔ, aoʔ

References

Tavoyan proper at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Dawei Tavoyan (Taungyo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
"ထားဝယ်စကား ဗမာစကား". မြန်မာအပိုင်းအစည်အစဥ် (in Burmese). BBC. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
Census of India, 1901 - Burma. XII. Burma: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 1902. p. 76.
"အလင်္ကာပုလဲပန်း ထားဝယ်စကား". မြန်မာအပိုင်းအစည်အစဥ် (in Burmese). BBC. 10 June 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
Barron, Sandy; John Okell; Saw Myat Yin; Kenneth VanBik; Arthur Swain; Emma Larkin; Anna J. Allott; Kirsten Ewers (2007). Refugees From Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences (PDF) (Report). Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

Wang Dayou [汪大年]. 2007. "Miandianyu Dongyou fangyang" (The Taungyo dialect of Burmese) [缅甸语东友方言]. Minzu Yuwen 2007:3.

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[e18-1] Tavoyan proper at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Dawei Tavoyan (Taungyo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[2] "ထားဝယ်စကား ဗမာစကား". မြန်မာအပိုင်းအစည်အစဥ် (in Burmese). BBC. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.

[census-1901-3] Census of India, 1901 - Burma. XII. Burma: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 1902. p. 76.

[alin27-4] "အလင်္ကာပုလဲပန်း ထားဝယ်စကား". မြန်မာအပိုင်းအစည်အစဥ် (in Burmese). BBC. 10 June 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.

[5] Barron, Sandy; John Okell; Saw Myat Yin; Kenneth VanBik; Arthur Swain; Emma Larkin; Anna J. Allott; Kirsten Ewers (2007). Refugees From Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences (PDF) (Report). Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-20.