Honi language
The Honi language (豪尼語), also known as Haoni, Baihong, Hao-Bai, or Ho, is a language of the Loloish (Yi) branch of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group spoken in Yunnan, China. The Chinese government groups speakers of this language into the Hani nationality, one of China's 56 recognized nationalities and considers the language to be a dialect of the wider Hani languages. Honi itself is divided into two distinct dialects, Baihong and Haoni, which may be separate languages.
| Honi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Burma |
| Ethnicity | Hani |
Native speakers | 140,000 (2007)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | how |
| Glottolog | honi1244 |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts | tɕ | tʃ | ||
| aspirated | tsʰ | tɕʰ | tʃʰ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ɕ | ʃ | x |
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ȵ | ŋ | ||
| Approximant | voiceless | l̥ | ||||
| voiced | w | l | j | |||
A voiceless /l̥/ may also be realized as a lateral fricative [ɬ].
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɯ | u | ||
| High-mid | ɤ | o | |||
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Low | æ | a | |||
| Syllabic | v̩ | ɹ̩ | |||
In the Mojiang dialect, vowel length is distinctive among vowels /iː ɛː/ and syllabic vowels /v̩ː ɹ̩ː/.[2]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diphthong | Close | iu | ui | |
| Mid | io | iɔ | uɛ | |
| Open | ia | ua | ||
| Nasal | Close | ĩ | ||
| Mid | ɛ̃ | õ | ||
| Open | ã | |||
| Nasal Diphthong |
Mid | ĩɛ̃ | ĩõ | ũɛ̃ |
| Open | ĩã | ũã | ||
References
- Honi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Yongsui, Li; Ersong, Wang (1986). 哈尼语简志 / Ha ni yu jian zhi. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe. pp. 3–16.
- Wang Hongxiao [王红晓]; Zhao Dewen [赵德文]. 2017. Zhongguo Mojiang Hanizu Haoniren wenhua shilu [中国墨江哈尼族豪尼人文化实录]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].
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