Ngaju language

Ngaju (also Ngaju Dayak or Dayak Ngaju) is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Borneo, Indonesia. It is closely related to the Bakumpai language. There are three dialects—Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.[2]

Ngaju
Native toIndonesia
RegionKalimantan
Native speakers
890,000 (2003)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nij
Glottologngaj1237

Phonology

Consonants

Ngaju has the following consonants.

Ngaju consonants[3]
Biabial Coronal Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop pb td cɟ kg
Fricative s h
Approximant
(Lateral)		 j w
l
Trill r

Vowels

Ngaju has the following vowels. All vowels except ə can be long.[3]

Ngaju vowels[3]
FrontCentralBack
rounded
High iu
Mid eəo
Low a

Vocabulary

Vocabulary comparison between Bakumpai, Ngaju, Indonesian and English languages.

BakumpaiNgajuIndonesianEnglish
JidaDiaTidakNo
BekenBekenBukanNot
PaiPaiKakiFoot / Leg
KuehKuehManaWhich / Where
Si-kuehBara-kuehDari manaWhere from
HituhHetuhSiniHere
Si-hituhIntu-hetuhDi siniHere
BaraBaraDariFrom
KejawKejawJauhFar
Tukep / ParakTukepDekatNear
KumanKumanMakanEat
MihupMihopMinumDrink
LebuLewuKampungVillage
BatatapasBapukanMencuci pakaianTo wash clothes

Notes
  1. Ngaju at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  3. Mihing & Stokhof (1977)

References
  • Ashn E. Johannes (1971). An Introduction to Dayak Ngaju Morphology (MA thesis). Malang.
  • Mihing, T. W. J.; Stokhof, W. A. L. (1977). "On the Ngaju Dayak sound system (Pulau Petak dialect)" (PDF). In Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo (ed.). Miscellaneous Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia, Part III. NUSA 4. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. pp. 49–59.
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