Thiocolchicoside

Thiocolchicoside (Muscoril, Myoril, Neoflax) is a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.[3][4][5][6] It acts as a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist and also glycine receptor antagonist with similar potency and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to a much lesser extent.[7][8] It has powerful convulsant activity and should not be used in seizure-prone individuals.[9][10][11]

Thiocolchicoside
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Oral, Topical, IM
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability25%[1]
Elimination half-life5-6 hours[1][2]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.009.107
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC27H33NO10S
Molar mass563.62 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Side effects

Side effects of thiocolchicoside can include nausea, allergy and vasovagal reactions.[12] Liver injury, pancreatitis, seizures, blood cell disorders, severe cutaneous disorders, rhabdomyolysis, and reproductive disorders have all been recorded in the French and European pharmacovigilance databases and in the periodic updates that the companies concerned submit to regulatory agencies. These data do not specify the frequency of the disorders nor do they identify the most susceptible patient populations. Thiocolchicoside is teratogenic in experimental animals and also damages chromosomes. Human data are limited to a follow-up of about 30 pregnant women (no major malformations) and reports of altered spermatogenesis, including cases of azoospermia. In practice, there is no justification for exposing patients to the adverse effects of thiocolchicoside. It is better to use an effective, well-known analgesic for patients complaining of muscle pain, starting with paracetamol.[13]

Although muscle relaxants may have the major side effect of sedation, thiocolchicoside is free from sedation effects possible due to non-interference with nicotinic receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

Thiocolchicoside is broken down in the body to a metabolite called 3-demethylthiocolchicine (also known as SL59.0955 or M2) that could damage dividing cells therefore inducing toxicity in the embryo, neoplastic changes and fertility reduction in males.[14] Therefore, recommended oral dose should not exceed 7 days and intramuscular dose duration should not exceed 5 days.[15] Local skin preparations are less toxic.

References
  1. Perucca E, Poitou P, Pifferi G (1995). "Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of two oral formulations of thiocolchicoside, a GABA-mimetic muscle relaxant drug, in normal volunteers". European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 20 (4): 301–5. doi:10.1007/bf03190249. PMID 8983937. S2CID 13325496.
  2. Sandouk P, Bouvier d'Yvoire M, Chretien P, Tillement JP, Scherrmann JM (January 1994). "Single-dose bioavailability of oral and intramuscular thiocolchicoside in healthy volunteers". Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 15 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510150108. PMID 8161719. S2CID 6712875.
  3. Tüzün F, Unalan H, Oner N, Ozgüzel H, Kirazli Y, Içağasioğlu A, Kuran B, Tüzün S, Başar G (September 2003). "Multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of thiocolchicoside in acute low back pain". Joint, Bone, Spine. 70 (5): 356–61. doi:10.1016/S1297-319X(03)00075-7. PMID 14563464.
  4. Ketenci A, Basat H, Esmaeilzadeh S (July 2009). "The efficacy of topical thiocolchicoside (Muscoril) in the treatment of acute cervical myofascial pain syndrome: a single-blind, randomized, prospective, phase IV clinical study". Agri. 21 (3): 95–103. PMID 19780000.
  5. Soonawalla DF, Joshi N (May 2008). "Efficacy of thiocolchicoside in Indian patients suffering from low back pain associated with muscle spasm". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 106 (5): 331–5. PMID 18839644.
  6. Ketenci A, Ozcan E, Karamursel S (July 2005). "Assessment of efficacy and psychomotor performances of thiocolchicoside and tizanidine in patients with acute low back pain". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 59 (7): 764–70. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00454.x. PMID 15963201. S2CID 20671452.
  7. Carta M, Murru L, Botta P, Talani G, Sechi G, De Riu P, Sanna E, Biggio G (September 2006). "The muscle relaxant thiocolchicoside is an antagonist of GABAA receptor function in the central nervous system". Neuropharmacology. 51 (4): 805–15. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.05.023. PMID 16806306. S2CID 11390033.
  8. Mascia MP, Bachis E, Obili N, Maciocco E, Cocco GA, Sechi GP, Biggio G (March 2007). "Thiocolchicoside inhibits the activity of various subtypes of recombinant GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes". European Journal of Pharmacology. 558 (1–3): 37–42. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.076. PMID 17234181.
  9. De Riu PL, Rosati G, Sotgiu S, Sechi G (August 2001). "Epileptic seizures after treatment with thiocolchicoside". Epilepsia. 42 (8): 1084–6. doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.0420081084.x. PMID 11554898. S2CID 24017279.
  10. Giavina-Bianchi P, Giavina-Bianchi M, Tanno LK, Ensina LF, Motta AA, Kalil J (June 2009). "Epileptic seizure after treatment with thiocolchicoside". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 5 (3): 635–7. doi:10.2147/tcrm.s4823. PMC 2731019. PMID 19707540.
  11. Sechi G, De Riu P, Mameli O, Deiana GA, Cocco GA, Rosati G (October 2003). "Focal and secondarily generalised convulsive status epilepticus induced by thiocolchicoside in the rat". Seizure. 12 (7): 508–15. doi:10.1016/S1059-1311(03)00053-0. PMID 12967581. S2CID 14308541.
  12. Efe C, Purnak T, Ozaslan E, Milanlioglu A (Mar 2011). "Thiocolchicoside-induced liver injury". Clinics. 66 (3): 521–2. doi:10.1590/s1807-59322011000300029. PMC 3072020. PMID 21552685.
  13. "Thiocolchicoside: review of adverse effects". Prescrire International. 25 (168): 41–3. February 2016. PMID 27042729.
  14. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2013/11/news_detail_001967.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1%5B%5D
  15. http://www.aifa.gov.it/en/content/thiocolchicoside-containing-products-systemic-use-important-information-regarding-indication%5B%5D
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