Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)

Cities of London and Westminster is a constituency returning a single Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons in the United Kingdom Parliament. It is a borough constituency for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer. As with all constituencies, the election is decided using the first past the post system of election. Since its creation at the 1950 general election, the constituency has, thus far, always elected the candidate nominated by the Conservative Party.

Cities of London and Westminster
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Boundary of Cities of London and Westminster in Greater London
CountyGreater London
Population110,000 (2011 census)[1]
Electorate65,140 (December 2010)[2]
Major settlementsCity of London, Westminster
Current constituency
Created1950
Member of ParliamentNickie Aiken (Conservative)
Number of membersOne
Created fromCity of London (1298–1950), Westminster Abbey, Westminster St George's

History
Cities of London and Westminster in the Parliamentary County of London, showing boundaries used from 1950 to 1974

Before 1950 the City of London formed a two-member constituency on its own. The Boundary Commission for England began reviewing constituencies in January 1946 using rules defined under the Representation of the People Act 1944, which excluded the City of London from the redistribution procedure;[3][4] the Commission recommended that the borough of Chelsea and the City of Westminster form a single Parliamentary Borough of Chelsea and Westminster with two divisions.[5]

In February 1948 the Government brought forward a new Representation of the People Bill which removed the right of owners of business premises to a second vote; this would have had the effect of reducing the electorate of the City of London from 12,500 to 4,600. The Bill proposed also to end the City of London as a separate constituency and to merge it with the adjacent boroughs of Finsbury and Shoreditch.[6] During debates on the Bill, the Government amended it to substitute a link between the City of London and the City of Westminster.[7] In introducing the amendment the Home Secretary James Chuter Ede noted that the alterations to the constituencies in Westminster, Chelsea and Kensington had been agreed unanimously at a conference between the Members of Parliament and representatives of the boroughs affected.[8]

These changes came into force from the 1950 election.

Boundary changes

No alteration was made by the First Periodical Report on constituency boundaries in 1954.[9] In the Second Periodical Report in 1969, the Boundary Commission wrote that their initial feelings were that "except for a minor alteration to follow a new ward boundary" they felt that there was "no reason to disturb" the constituency, and they received no objections to this proposal. Westminster City Council later suggested that the constituency could be more accurately named as 'The City of London and Westminster South'; the Boundary Commission found opinion divided and left the name unchanged when it published revised proposals for two other constituencies within the City. Subsequent representations on the name were received and the Commission decided that, although justified on historical grounds, the name was "not now entirely accurate" and so proposed the renaming as suggested by the City Council.[10]

In initial proposals during the Third Periodical Review (1983), the Boundary Commission proposed to abolish the St Marylebone constituency and add four wards from it (Cavendish, Baker Street, Bryanston and Regents Park) to the previous City of London and Westminster South constituency; they provisionally named the result 'The City of London and Westminster'. After a local inquiry, the Regents Park ward was removed and Hyde Park ward (from the Paddington constituency) was added; unanimous opinion at the inquiry favoured naming the result 'The City of London and Westminster South'.[11]

For the Fourth Periodical Review (1995), the Boundary Commission paired the City of Westminster with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea for consideration. The Commission's initial proposals, to expand the constituency by two wards (Bayswater and Lancaster Gate) formerly in Westminster North and to return to the name 'Cities of London and Westminster', were upheld after a local inquiry, despite multiple counter-proposals.[12]

At the Fifth Periodical Review (in 2007), the initial proposals of the Boundary Commission paired the City of Westminster with the London Borough of Brent although they involved only minor changes to the Cities of London and Westminster constituency to take account of new ward boundaries. Widespread objections ("almost universal hostility") to the pairing led to a local inquiry, which decided that Westminster and the City of London should be reviewed separately and not paired with any other borough. The Commission proposed a new Cities of London and Westminster constituency in which the revised Bayswater and Lancaster Gate wards were removed.[13]

Early proposals made during the initial stages of the postponed Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies proposed linking the City of London to the southern wards of Islington in a constituency to be known as "The City of London and Islington South".[14] Most of the Westminster wards were proposed to form part of a Westminster and Kensington constituency.[15] This proposal was the first to suggest a split between the two Cities in Parliamentary elections since they were joined and proved unpopular in consultation; the Boundary Commission revised them to return the link between the City of London and the City of Westminster,[16] although the review was subsequently placed on hiatus.

In 2016 the Boundary Commission produced a second attempt at the Sixth Periodic Review. Its proposed Cities of London and Westminster comprises the City attached to Regent's Park and Abbey Road to the north-west, Knightsbridge/Belgravia to the west, and Holborn/Covent Garden to the north.[17]

London Assembly constituency

Although united for Parliamentary elections, in the London Assembly, the City of London is covered by the City and East constituency, and the area in Westminster by the West Central constituency. The Local Government Commission for England argued that "combining the City of London with areas to its east could assist in focussing regeneration eastwards" and linked it with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, the London Borough of Newham, and the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham.[18]

Boundaries

1950–1974: From the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster: Charing Cross, Covent Garden, Great Marlborough Conduit, Grosvenor, Hamlet of Knightsbridge, Knightsbridge St. George, Pall Mall, Regent, St. Anne, St. John, St. Margaret, Strand.

In 1959, the boundaries changed, and the wards used instead were Abbey, Alderney, Aldwych, Berkeley, Cathedral, Churchill, Covent Garden, Dolphin, Eaton, Ebury, Grosvenor, Knightsbridge, Millbank, Regent Street, St. James's, Soho, Tachbrook, Victoria, Warwick and Wilton. In 1964, the City of Westminster was created to replace the old Metropolitan Borough of Westminster, which kept the same wards.

The City of London consisted of Aldersgate, Aldgate, Bassishaw, Bassishaw, Billingsgate, Bishopsgate, Bread Street, Bridge Within, Bridge Without, Broad Street, Candlewick, Castle Baynard, Cheap, Coleman Street, Cordwainer, Cornhill, Cripplegate, Dowgate, Farringdon Within, Farringdon Without, Langbourn, Lime Street, Portsoken, Queenhithe, Tower, Vintry and Walbrook.

In 1968, the City of Westminster ward boundaries changed, with the following used for this seat: Charing Cross, Churchill, Knightsbridge, Millbank, Regent Street, Victoria Street and Warwick.

1974–1983: The City of Westminster wards as above, and the City of London, as above.

New boundaries from 1978 meant the following wards from the City of Westminster were used: Baker Street, Belgrave, Bryanston, Cavendish, Churchill, Hyde Park, Knightsbridge, Millbank, St George's, St James's, Victoria, and West End.

In the City of London, Bridge Within and Bridge Without were combined in 1978 to create Bridge.

1983–1997: The City of Westminster wards as above, and the City of London as above.

1997–2010: The City of Westminster wards as above, plus, Bayswater and Lancaster Gate, and the City of London as above.

In 2002, a Local Government Boundary Commission for England review abolished the Baker Street, Belgrave, Bryanston, Cavendish, Knightsbridge, Millbank, St James's and Victoria wards.[19]

For the 2005 general election, the Westminster electoral wards used in this constituency were Bayswater (part), Bryanston and Dorset Square (part), Churchill, Hyde Park, Knightsbridge and Belgravia, Lancaster Gate, Marylebone High Street, St James's, Tachbrook, Vincent Square, Warwick and West End.[20]

2010–present: The City of Westminster wards of Bryanston and Dorset Square, Churchill, Hyde Park, Knightsbridge and Belgravia, Marylebone High Street, St James's, Tachbrook, Vincent Square, Warwick, and West End, and the City of London wards, as above.

The seat covers the entire City of London and most of the City of Westminster lying South of the Marylebone Road and the Westway. In the latter, more residential, city it covers Westminster, Pimlico, Victoria, Belgravia, Knightsbridge, St. James's, Soho, most of Covent Garden, alongside parts of Fitzrovia, Marylebone, Edgware Road, Paddington and Bayswater.

Constituency profile

The Cities of London and Westminster seat contains the two historical centres of the capital. The City of London is an international financial centre - while Westminster, home to the Houses of Parliament, Whitehall and Downing Street, represents Britain's political centre.

The seat includes iconic landmarks such as Buckingham Palace and St Paul's Cathedral, the West End's Theatreland and Soho. Some of the country's wealthiest residents live in exclusive Mayfair, Belgravia and Knightsbridge. Less than half the population was born in the UK - a fifth hail from Europe, while one in twenty is American, according to the 2011 Census.

Around half of the electorate are in the more socially mixed areas of Paddington and Pimlico which includes some large council estates (Churchill Gardens and Millbank Estate).

The Westminster City Council wards are heavily represented by the Conservatives; in the most recent elections in 2018 the Labour Party won two seats in the Churchill ward in the constituency, and one in West End ward.

The constituency also incorporates the City of London Corporation. This includes some of the lowest populated wards in the United Kingdom, such as the Coleman Street ward which has a total electorate of 2 and the Aldgate ward which has a total electorate of 27.[21]

Members of Parliament
Election Member[22][23][24][25] Party
1950 Sir Harold Webbe Conservative
1959 Sir Harry Hylton-Foster Conservative
1959 Speaker
1965 by-election John Smith Conservative
1970[note 1] Sir Christopher Tugendhat Conservative
1977 by-election[note 2] Peter Brooke Conservative
2001 Mark Field Conservative
2019 Nickie Aiken Conservative

Election results

Named Cities of London and Westminster from 1997 to date

Elections in the 2010s
General election 2019: Cities of London and Westminster[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Nickie Aiken 17,049 39.9 6.7
Liberal Democrats Chuka Umunna 13,096 30.7 19.6
Labour Gordon Nardell 11,624 27.2 11.2
Green Zack Polanski 728 1.7 0.4
CPA Jill McLachlan 125 0.3 New
Liberal Dirk van Heck 101 0.2 New
Majority 3,953 9.2 1.0
Turnout 42,723 67.1 4.3
Registered electors 63,700
Conservative hold Swing
General election 2017: Cities of London and Westminster [27][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Mark Field 18,005 46.6 7.5
Labour Ibrahim Dogus 14,857 38.4 11.0
Liberal Democrats Bridget Fox 4,270 11.1 4.1
Green Lawrence McNally 821 2.1 3.3
UKIP Anil Bhatti 426 1.1 4.1
Independent Tim Lord 173 0.4 New
One Love Ankit Love The Maharaja of Kashmir 59 0.2 New
Young People's Benjamin Weenen 43 0.1 New
Majority 3,148 8.2 18.5
Turnout 38,654 62.8 3.5
Registered electors 61,533
Conservative hold Swing 9.3
General election 2015: Cities of London and Westminster[29][30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Mark Field 19,570 54.1 +1.9
Labour Nik Slingsby 9,899 27.4 +5.2
Liberal Democrats Belinda Brooks-Gordon 2,521 7.0 -13.5
Green Hugh Small 1,953 5.4 +3.3
UKIP Robert Stephenson 1,894 5.2 +3.4
CISTA Edouard-Henri Desforges 160 0.4 New
CPA Jill McLachlan 129 0.4 New
Class War Adam Clifford 59 0.2 New
Majority 9,671 26.7 -3.3
Turnout 36,185 59.3 +3.8
Registered electors 60,992
Conservative hold Swing -1.6
General election 2010: Cities of London and Westminster[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Mark Field 19,264 52.2 +3.9
Labour Dave Rowntree 8,188 22.2 -3.1
Liberal Democrats Naomi Smith 7,574 20.5 +2.0
Green Derek Chase 778 2.1 -2.2
UKIP Paul Weston 664 1.8 +0.7
English Democrat Frank Roseman 191 0.5 New
Independent Dennis Delderfield 98 0.3 New
Pirate Jack Nunn 90 0.2 New
Independent Mad Cap'n Tom[32] 84 0.2 New
Majority 11,076 30.0 +7.8
Turnout 36,931 55.5 +4.4
Registered electors 66,849
Conservative hold Swing +3.5

Elections in the 2000s
General election 2005: Cities of London and Westminster[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Mark Field 17,260 47.3 +1.0
Labour Hywel Lloyd 9,165 25.1 −8.0
Liberal Democrats Marie-Louise Rossi 7,306 20.0 +4.6
Green Tristan Smith 1,544 4.2 +0.3
UKIP Colin Merton 399 1.1 –0.3
Independent Brian Haw 298 0.8 New
CPA Jillian McLachlan 246 0.7 New
Veritas David Harris 218 0.6 New
Independent Cass Cass-Horne 51 0.1 New
Majority 8,095 22.2 +9.0
Turnout 36,487 50.3 +3.1
Registered electors 71,935
Conservative hold Swing +4.5
General election 2001: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Mark Field 15,737 46.3 –1.0
Labour Michael Katz 11,238 33.1 –2.0
Liberal Democrats Martin Horwood 5,218 15.4 +3.1
Green Hugo Charlton 1,318 3.9 New
UKIP Colin Merton 464 1.4 +0.9
Majority 4,499 13.2 +1.0
Turnout 33,975 47.2 –7.0
Registered electors 71,935
Conservative hold Swing +0.5

Elections in the 1990s
General election 1997: Cities of London and Westminster[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 18,981 47.3 –12.0
Labour Kate Green 14,100 35.1 +11.0
Liberal Democrats Michael Dumigan 4,933 12.3 –1.8
Referendum Alan Walters 1,161 2.9 New
Independent Patricia Wharton 266 0.7 New
UKIP Colin Merton 215 0.5 New
Natural Law Richard Johnson 176 0.4 +0.1
Monster Raving Loony Nicholas Walsh 138 0.3 -0.1
Hemp Coalition Gordon Webster 112 0.3 New
Rainbow Dream Ticket Jerry Sadowitz 73 0.2 New
Majority 4,881 12.2 -26.3
Turnout 40,155 54.2 -8.9
Registered electors 74,035
Conservative win (new seat)

Named City of London and Westminster South between 1974 and 1997

General election 1992: City of London and Westminster South[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 20,938 60.3 +2.5
Labour Charlie Smith 7,569 21.8 +1.4
Liberal Democrats Jane Smithard 5,392 15.3 –6.5
Green Guy Herbert 458 1.3 New
Monster Raving Loony Peter Stockton 147 0.4 New
Irish Freedom Movement Alex Farrell 107 0.3 New
Natural Law Richard Johnson 101 0.3 New
Majority 13,369 38.5 +2.5
Turnout 34,712 63.1 +4.9
Registered electors 55,021
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1980s
General election 1987: City of London and Westminster South[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 19,333 57.8 −1.3
Liberal Jane Smithard 7,291 21.8 +0.8
Labour Ruth Bush 6,821 20.4 +3.3
Majority 12,042 36.0 -2.0
Turnout 33,445 58.2 +6.4
Registered electors 57,428
Conservative hold Swing -1.1
General election 1983: City of London and Westminster South[37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 20,754 59.1 -1.6
Liberal Adrian Walker-Smith 7,367 21.0 +8.8
Labour Stephen Jones 6,013 17.1 -8.4
Ecology Roger Shorter 419 1.2 New
National Front Anthony Reeve 258 0.7 -1.0
Communist A. W. Spence 161 0.5 N/A
Independent - Pro Nuclear War Gay Rights Victor Litvin 147 0.4 New
Majority 13,387 38.1 +2.9
Turnout 35,119 51.8 -3.4
Registered electors 67,773
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s
General election 1979: City of London and Westminster South
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 16,851 60.7 +9.0
Labour R. Profitt 7,067 25.5 -5.4
Liberal H. Ball-Wilson 3,375 12.2 -2.7
National Front K. Mathews 478 1.7 -0.8
Majority 9,784 35.2 +14.4
Turnout 27,771 55.2 +2.0
Registered electors 50,357
Conservative hold Swing +7.2

1979 figure changes based on the October 1974 election, not the 1977 by-election.

1977 City of London and Westminster South by-election[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Peter Brooke 11,962 59.07 +7.35
Labour Malcolm Noble 3,997 19.74 -11.21
Liberal Angus Scrimgeour 1,981 9.78 -5.07
National Front Paul Kavanagh 1,051 5.19 +2.72
Pro-Homosexual Civil Rights Peter Mitchel 449 2.22 New
National Party Michael Lobb 364 1.80 New
New Britain Dennis Delderfield 306 1.51 New
Air, Road, Public Safety, White Resident Bill Boaks 61 0.30 New
Christian Outreach to Britain, Anti-Pornography William Thompson 43 0.21 New
Christ, Crown, Country, Commonwealth, Christian Constitution Ralph Herbert 37 0.18 New
Majority 7,965 39.33 +18.56
Turnout 20,251 39.60 -13.60
Conservative hold Swing +9.28
General election October 1974: City of London and Westminster South[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Christopher Tugendhat 14,350 51.7 -1.5
Labour Phil Turner 8,589 30.9 +3.5
Liberal T. G. Underwood 4,122 14.9 -4.0
National Front D. Baxter 686 2.5 New
Majority 5,761 20.8 -5.1
Turnout 27,747 53.2 -8.2
Registered electors 52,170
Conservative hold Swing -2.5
General election February 1974: City of London and Westminster South
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Christopher Tugendhat 16,945 53.3 -6.1
Labour Phil Turner 8,698 27.4 -3.9
Liberal T. G. Underwood 6,015 18.9 +10.5
Independent Conservative C. D. Wertheim 134 0.4 New
Majority 8.247 25.9 -2.2
Turnout 31,792 61.4 +6.9
Registered electors 51,943
Conservative hold Swing -1.1

Named from 1950 to 1974 Cities of London and Westminster

General election 1970: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Christopher Tugendhat 19,102 59.4 +4.7
Labour Alf Dubs 10,062 31.3 -3.8
Liberal David Nicholson 2,708 8.4 -1.8
Independent - Anti-Labour Willoughby Clark 157 0.5 New
Independent - Young Ideas Lord Sutch 157 0.4 New
Majority 9,040 28.1 +8.5
Turnout 32,186 54.5 -5.5
Registered electors 58,987
Conservative hold Swing +4.3

Elections in the 1960s
General election 1966: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Smith 19,242 54.7 -3.67
Labour Alexander Pringle 12,349 35.1 +4.52
Liberal Thomas Houston 3,576 10.2 -0.85
Majority 6,893 19.6 -8.19
Turnout 35,167 60.0 +0.34
Registered electors 58,630
Conservative hold Swing -4.1
1965 Cities of London and Westminster by-election[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Smith 15,037 59.33 +1.16
Labour Alexander Pringle 8,300 32.86 +2.28
Liberal Stephen Jakobi 1,595 6.31 -4.74
Independent Desmond Burgess 326 6.71 New
Majority 6,737 26.47 -1.32
Turnout 25,258 41.80 -17.86
Registered electors
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Speaker Harry Hylton-Foster 21,588 58.37 -6.73
Labour Ronald Wallace 11,309 30.58 +6.18
Liberal John W Derry 4,087 11.05 +0.55
Majority 10,279 27.79 -12.91
Turnout 36,984 59.66 -1.64
Registered electors 61,988
Speaker hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s
General election 1959: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harry Hylton-Foster 27,489 65.1 -5.1
Labour Will Howie 10,301 24.4 -5.4
Liberal Derek Monsey 4,409 10.5 New
Majority 17,188 40.7 +0.2
Turnout 42,199 61.3 +1.2
Registered electors 68,896
Conservative hold Swing +0.2
General election 1955: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harold Webbe 31,314 70.2 +3.4
Labour Dennis Nisbet 13,270 29.8 -3.4
Majority 18,044 40.5 +6.9
Turnout 44,584 60.1 -7.1
Registered electors 74,162
Conservative hold Swing +3.4
General election 1951: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harold Webbe 35,275 66.8 +5.2
Labour Hugh Sutherland 17,527 33.2 -5.2
Majority 17,738 33.6 0.0
Turnout 52,802 67.2 +5.2
Registered electors 78,628
Conservative hold Swing -5.2
General election 1950: Cities of London and Westminster
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Harold Webbe 32,672 61.6
Labour John Lewis Curthoys 14,849 28.0
Liberal Jacob Gorsky 4,670 8.8
Communist Gabriel Carritt 888 1.7
Majority 17,823 33.6
Turnout 53,079 72.4
Registered electors 73,316
Conservative win (new seat)

See also

Notes and references
Notes
  1. constituency renamed 'City of London and Westminster South' in 1974
  2. constituency renamed 'Cities of London and Westminster' in 1997
References
  1. "Cities of London and Westminster: Usual Resident Population, 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  2. "Electorate Figures". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  3. Whether the City of London returned one or two members was left for the decision of Parliament.
  4. "Initial Report of the Boundary Commission for England", Cmd. 7260, p. 4.
  5. "Initial Report of the Boundary Commission for England", Cmd. 7260, p. 33.
  6. "Redistribution of Seats". The Times. 16 February 1948. p. 4.
  7. "Proposals For New Seats". The Times. 14 June 1948. p. 4.
  8. HC Debs 5ser vol 452 col 326.
  9. "Boundary Commission for England", First Periodical Report, Cmd. 9311, p. 25.
  10. "Boundary Commission for England", Second Periodical Report, Cmnd. 4084, pp. 26-27.
  11. "Boundary Commission for England", Third Periodical Report, Cmnd. 8797-I, pp. 37–8.
  12. "Boundary Commission for England", Fourth Periodical Report, HC 433-i of session 1994-95, pp. 38-45.
  13. "Boundary Commission for England", Fifth Periodical Report, Cm 7032-I, pp. 42–51.
  14. Brannen, Aimee (13 September 2011). "Islington parliamentary boundaries could change". Islington Gazette.
  15. Eysenck, Juliet (13 September 2011). "Boundary changes to affect Westminster". Westminster Chronicle.
  16. White, Isobel; Johnston, Neil (4 February 2013). "Constituency boundaries: the Sixth General Review in England" (PDF). House of Commons Library. p. 13.
  17. Cities of London and Westminster - Revised Proposal Boundary Commission for England
  18. "Draft Recommendations: Electoral Areas for the Assembly of the Greater London Authority" (PDF). Local Government Commission for England. August 1998. paragraph 73.
  19. Boothroyd, David (n.d.). "Westminster City Council Ward Maps". Westminster City Council Election Results. David Boothroyd. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  20. "North London Ward Breakdown". Electoral Calculus. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  21. "Seat Details". www.electoralcalculus.co.uk.
  22. "Cities of London and Westminster 1950-1974". Hansard 1803-2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  23. "City of London and Westminster South 1974-1997". Hansard 1803-2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  24. "Cities of London and Westminster 1997-". Hansard 1803-2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  25. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 4)
  26. "Cities of London & Westminster parliamentary constituency - Election 2019 - BBC News". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  27. "<Election Title>" (PDF). Westminster City Council. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  28. Baker, Carl; Hawkins, Oliver; Audickas, Lukas; Bate, Alex; Cracknell, Richard; Apostolova, Vyara; Dempsey, Noel; McInnes, Roderick; Rutherford, Tom; Uberoi, Elise (29 January 2019). General Election 2017: results and analysis (PDF) (Report). House of Commons Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  29. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  30. "7 May 2015 - UK general election". Westminster City Council. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  31. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  32. Tom Scott; Matt Gray (1 April 2016). The Ballad of Mad Cap'n Tom, Part 2 (Vlog). Matt and Tom. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  33. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  34. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  35. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  36. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  37. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  38. "1977 By Election Results". Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  39. https://web.archive.org/web/20110811154424/http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge74b/i06.htm
  40. "1965 By Election Results". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Cirencester and Tewkesbury		 Constituency represented by the Speaker
1959–1965		 Succeeded by
Southampton Itchen

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