Cortez, Colorado

The City of Cortez (/ˈkɔːrtɛz/ (listen)) is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Montezuma County, Colorado, United States.[7] The city population was 8,482 at the 2010 United States Census.

Cortez, Colorado
Home Rule Municipality[1]
City of Cortez[1]
Cortez city hall, built in 2017.
Location of the City of Cortez in Montezuma County, Colorado.
Cortez
Location of the City of Cortez in the United States.
Coordinates: 37°20′59″N 108°34′36″W[2]
Country United States
State Colorado
CountyMontezuma County[3]
CityCortez[1]
Government
 • TypeHome Rule Municipality[1]
 • MayorMike Lavey[4]
Area
 • Total6.27 sq mi (16.25 km2)
 • Land6.23 sq mi (16.14 km2)
 • Water0.04 sq mi (0.11 km2)
Elevation
6,191 ft (1,887 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total8,482
 • Estimate 
(2019)[6]
8,736
 • Density1,402.25/sq mi (541.41/km2)
Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
ZIP Code
81321
Area code(s)970
FIPS code08-17375
GNIS feature ID0179044
WebsiteCity of Cortez

History

In 1886, the town was built to provide housing for the men working on the tunnels and irrigation ditches required to divert water out of the Dolores River and into Montezuma Valley.[8] The town was named for Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés.[9]

It is a popular stop for tourists, who stay there because of its central location among surrounding attractions, such as Mesa Verde National Park, Monument Valley, and the Four Corners.

Prehistoric sites

There are many prehistoric sites in the Cortez area, listed on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties or both the state register and the National Register of Historic Places: They include large parks or centers, such as Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Canyon of the Ancients National Monument, Hovenweep National Monument, and Mesa Verde National Park. There are also smaller or individuals sites, such as Cowboy Wash, Hawkins Pueblo and cliff dwellings, Lowry Ruin, Mitchell Springs Archeological Site, also known as the Mitchell Springs Ruin Group, Mud Springs Pueblo, and Yucca House National Monument. Within the McElmo Drainage Unit (AD 1075-1300) is Cannonball Ruins, Maxwell Community, Roy's Ruin, Sand Canyon Archaeological District, and Wallace Ruin.[10][11]

See also: List of prehistoric sites in Colorado

Historic trails or byways

The following are trails or byways through the Cortez area:

1959 U-2 emergency landing

A Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft made an emergency nighttime forced landing August 3, 1959, at the Cortez Municipal Airport.[12] Republic of China Air Force Major H. Mike Hua (now retired as General)[13] was on a training flight originating at Laughlin AFB, Texas; the U-2 aircraft engine flamed out at 70,000 feet MSL. Maj. Hua established best glide and was able to navigate through a valley to a lighted airport that wasn't on his map nor did he know of its existence beforehand. The airport was the only one in the area with a lighted runway which was illuminated overnight.[12]

Geography

Cortez is located at 37°20′57″N 108°34′45″W (37.349270, -108.579225).[14]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.5 square miles (14 km2), of which 5.5 square miles (14 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (0.36%) is water. Cortez is located in the area of the southwest known as the "High Desert", as are most of northwestern, western, southwestern, and southern Colorado.

Climate

Cortez has a dry-summer continental climate (Köppen Dsb), though it borders on a semi-arid climate (BSk) due to low precipitation. The city has hot summer days and cold winter nights, the latter a result of its elevation.

Climate data for Cortez, Colorado
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 63
(17)		 78
(26)		 80
(27)		 88
(31)		 95
(35)		 100
(38)		 102
(39)		 99
(37)		 96
(36)		 86
(30)		 72
(22)		 65
(18)		 102
(39)
Average high °F (°C) 41
(5)		 46
(8)		 53
(12)		 62
(17)		 72
(22)		 83
(28)		 89
(32)		 86
(30)		 79
(26)		 67
(19)		 52
(11)		 42
(6)		 64
(18)
Average low °F (°C) 12
(−11)		 18
(−8)		 25
(−4)		 29
(−2)		 37
(3)		 46
(8)		 53
(12)		 51
(11)		 44
(7)		 33
(1)		 22
(−6)		 14
(−10)		 32
(0)
Record low °F (°C) −27
(−33)		 −31
(−35)		 −15
(−26)		 6
(−14)		 17
(−8)		 27
(−3)		 37
(3)		 36
(2)		 23
(−5)		 12
(−11)		 −14
(−26)		 −22
(−30)		 −31
(−35)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.01
(26)		 0.95
(24)		 1.37
(35)		 0.90
(23)		 1.01
(26)		 0.43
(11)		 1.23
(31)		 1.37
(35)		 1.31
(33)		 1.55
(39)		 1.18
(30)		 0.90
(23)		 13.21
(336)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 17.8
(45)		 13.5
(34)		 13.2
(34)		 3.8
(9.7)		 0.5
(1.3)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 1.2
(3.0)		 5.9
(15)		 17.6
(45)		 73.5
(187)
Source 1: [15]
Source 2: [16]

Economy
View looking SE of Main Street in Cortez, with the cliff faces of the Mesa Verde visible in the distance.

Cortez is a local commercial center, competing with Durango in the east, and Farmington, New Mexico in the south, and draws trade from southeastern Utah, the extreme northeastern corner of Arizona, the Shiprock area of Northwestern New Mexico, and San Miguel, Dolores, Montezuma, and parts of La Plata County in Colorado. Its economy is based very heavily on tourism, both to nearby Mesa Verde National Park as well as to San Juan National Forest, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands in the area (including Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, as well as the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe and Navajo Indian Reservations).

Mesa Verde National Park, featuring Ancestral Pueblo cliff dwellings, is situated southeast of Cortez.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1890332—
1900125−62.3%
1910565352.0%
1920541−4.2%
193092170.2%
19401,77893.1%
19502,68050.7%
19606,764152.4%
19706,032−10.8%
19807,09517.6%
19907,2842.7%
20007,9779.5%
20108,4826.3%
2019 (est.)8,736[6]3.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]

As of the census[18] of 2010, there were 8,482 people, 3,590 households, and 2,234 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,449.9 people per square mile (560.0/km2). There were 3,885 housing units at an average density of 637.6 per square mile (246.3/km2). The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male (4,083) and 51.9% female (4,399). The racial makeup of the city was 79.2% White, 0.4% African American, 11.8% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 6.04% from other races, and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.30% of the population.

There were 3,590 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,776, and the median income for a family was $35,533. Males had a median income of $30,755 versus $20,280 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,040. About 14.8% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Cortez Public Schools are part of the Montezuma-Cortez School District RE-1. The district has one preschool, five elementary schools, one middle school and one high school. The educational system is currently suffering a loss of 1.6% according to the Transitional Colorado Assessment Program.

Montezuma-Cortez RE-1 Pre-School, Kemper Elementary School, Lewis-Arriola Elementary School, Manaugh Elementary School, Mesa Elementary Schools, Pleasant View Elementary School, Cortez Middle School and Montezuma-Cortez High School are located in Cortez. The high school mascot is the Panther.

Government

The City Council of Cortez is composed of seven members including the Mayor and Mayor Pro-tem. The current mayor of Cortez is Karen Sheek.[19]

Transportation

Cortez Municipal Airport serves Cortez. Cortez is part of Colorado's Bustang network. It is on the Durango-Grand Junction Outrider line.[20]

Notable people
  • Eli Tomac, motocross champion.
  • Scott Tipton, U.S. House of Representatives - Colorado's 3rd District
  • William B. Ebbert, popular rancher and politician, represented Cortez in the Colorado General Assembly in early 20th century.
  • Michael Milenski, Cortez native who was founder and general director of Long Beach Opera.
  • Vince Lee, American architect, climber, mountaineer, Andean explorer, environmentalist, megalith researcher
  • Chuck Nevitt, former NBA basketball player

See also

References
  1. "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  2. "2014 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Places". United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  3. "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  4. "Cortez City Council Chooses Mike Lavey As Mayor, Rachel Medina As Mayor Pro Tem". KSJD. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  5. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  6. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  7. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  8. "History of Cortez". The City of Cortez. Archived from the original on 2012-05-14. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
  9. Dawson, John Frank. Place names in Colorado: why 700 communities were so named, 150 of Spanish or Indian origin. Denver, CO: The J. Frank Dawson Publishing Co. p. 15.
  10. National Register of Historic Places in Montezuma County, Colorado American Dreams, Inc. Retrieved 2011-10-7.
  11. National & State Registers. Archived 2012-04-24 at the Wayback Machine Colorado Historical Society, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 10-7-2011.
  12. "1959 "alien landing" was an ROC pilot in a spy plane 「外星人登陸」？ U2機台灣駕駛啦！". Taipei Times. February 27, 2010. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  13. "2009 Cortez Aviation Heritage Celebration". Cortez Aviation Heritage Society. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  14. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  15. "Historic Averages for Cortez, Colorado". Retrieved 2017-07-04.
  16. "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  17. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  18. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  19. "City Council - Cortez, CO - Official Website". City of Cortez. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  20. "Bustang Schedule". RideBustang. CDOT.
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