List of state leaders in 1910

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1910.

Africa

Dervish state (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
Ethiopia –
- Monarch - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
- Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
Liberia –
- President - Arthur Barclay, President of Liberia (1904–1912)
Morocco –
- Monarch - Abd al-Hafid of Morocco, Sultan of Morocco (1908–1912)
South Africa –
- formed on 31 May 1910
- Monarch -
  1. Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
  2. George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - Viscount Gladstone, Governor-General of South Africa (1910–1914)
- Prime Minister - Louis Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa (1910–1919)
Wadai Empire –
- Monarch - 'Asil, Kolak of Wadai (1909–1912)

Asia

Afghanistan –
- Monarch - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
Asir –
- Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1906–1923)
Bhutan –
- Monarch - Ugyen Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan (1907–1926)[1]
- Prime Minister - Ugyen Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1907–1916)
Bukhara –
- Monarch - 'Abd al-Ahad Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1885–1911)
China –
- Emperor - Puyi, Emperor of China (1908–1912)
- Regent - Zaifeng, Prince Chun (1908–1911) + Empress Dowager Longyu (1908–1912)
- Premier - Yikuang, Prince Qing, Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet (1903–1911)
Hejaz (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca (1908–1924)[2]
Jabal Shammar –
- Monarch -
- Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1908–1920)
Japan –
- Monarch - Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister - Katsura Tarō, Prime Minister of Japan (1908–1911)
Khiva –
- Monarch -
  1. Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II, Khan of Khiva (1864–1910)
  2. Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur, Khan of Khiva (1910–1918)
Korean Empire –
- annexed by Japan on 29 August 1910
- Monarch - Sunjong, Emperor of Korea (1907–1910)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Pak Chesoon, Prime Minister of Korea (1909–1910)
  2. Ye Wanyong, Prime Minister of Korea (1910)
Muscat and Oman –
- Monarch - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1888–1913)
Nejd and Hasa –
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)[3]
Nepal –
- Monarch - Prithvi, King of Nepal (1881–1911)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
Ottoman Empire –
- Monarch - Mehmed V, Emperor of the Ottomans (1909–1918)
- Head of Government -
  1. Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1909–1910)
  2. Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1910–1911)
Persia –
- Monarch - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
- Regent - Nasir al-Mulk, Regent of Persia (1910–1914)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni, Prime Minister of Persia (1909–1910)
  2. Mostowfi ol-Mamalek, Prime Minister of Persia (1910–1911)
Rajpipla State - Chhatrasinhji (1897-1915)
Siam
- Monarch –
  1. Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (1868–1910)
  2. Vajiravudh, King of Siam (1910–1925)

Europe

Andorra –
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Armand Fallières, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1906–1913)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1907–1919)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Pallerola i Gabriel (1886–1915)
- First Syndic - Pere Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1906–1911)
Austria-Hungary –
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
- Heads of Government -
  - Cisleithania (Austria) - Count Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling, Minister-President of Austria (1908–1911)
  - Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary) -
    1. Sándor Wekerle, Prime Minister of Hungary (1906–1910)
    2. Károly Khuen-Héderváry, Prime Minister of Hungary (1910–1912)
Belgium –
- Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Prime Minister - Frans Schollaert, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1908–1911)
Bulgaria –
- Monarch - Ferdinand I, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1887–1918)[4]
- Premier - Aleksandar Malinov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1908–1911)
Denmark –
- Monarch - Frederick VIII, King of Denmark (1906–1912)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Carl Theodor Zahle, Council President of Denmark (1909–1910)
  2. Klaus Berntsen, Council President of Denmark (1910–1913)
France –
- President - Armand Fallières, President of France (1906–1913)
- Prime Minister - Aristide Briand, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1909–1911)
Germany –
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Head of Government - Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (1909–1917)
Greece –
- Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis, Prime Minister of Greece (1909–1910)
  2. Stefanos Dragoumis, Prime Minister of Greece (1910)
  3. Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1910–1915)
Holy See –
- Monarch - Pope Pius X, Pope (1903–1914)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val, Cardinal Secretary of State (1903–1914)
Italy –
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sidney Sonnino, Prime Minister of Italy (1909–1910)
  2. Luigi Luzzatti, Prime Minister of Italy (1910–1911)
Liechtenstein –
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
Luxembourg –
- Monarch - William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1905–1912)
- Regent - Grand Duchess Marie Anne, Regent of Luxembourg (1908–1912)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
Monaco –
- Monarch - Albert I, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
Montenegro –
- the Principality of Montenegro was succeeded by the Kingdom of Montenegro on 28 August 1910
- Monarch - Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (1860–1918)[5]
- Prime Minister - Lazar Tomanović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1907–1912)
Netherlands –
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[6]
- Prime Minister - Theo Heemskerk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1908–1913)
Norway –
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[6]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1908–1910)
  2. Wollert Konow, Prime Minister of Norway (1910–1912)
Portugal –
- the Kingdom of Portugal was succeeded by the Republic of Portugal on 5 October 1910
- Monarch - Manuel II, King of Portugal (1908–1910)
- Head of Government -
  1. Francisco da Veiga Beirão, Prime Minister of Portugal (1909–1910)
  2. António Teixeira de Sousa, Prime Minister of Portugal (1910)
  3. Teófilo Braga, President of the Provisional Government of Portugal (1910–1911)
Romania –
- Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1866–1914)
- Premier -
  1. Ion I. C. Brătianu, Prime Minister of Romania (1909–1910)
  2. Petre P. Carp, Prime Minister of Romania (1910–1912)
Russian Empire –
- Emperor - Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia (1894–1917)
- Prime Minister - Pyotr Stolypin, Prime Minister of Russia (1906–1911)
San Marino –
- Captains Regent -
  1. Marino Borbiconi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1909–1910)
  2. Alfredo Reffi and Giovanni Arzilli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1910)
  3. Giovanni Belluzzi and Luigi Lonfernini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1910–1911)
Serbia –
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)[7]
- Prime Minister - Nikola Pašić, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1909–1911)
Spain –
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Segismundo Moret, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1909–1910)
  2. José Canalejas, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1910–1912)
Sweden –
- Monarch – Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Arvid Lindman, Prime Minister of Sweden (1906–1911)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:[8]
  Adolf Deucher (1883–1912), Eduard Müller (1895–1919), Ernst Brenner (1897–1911), Robert Comtesse (1899–1912, President), Marc-Émile Ruchet (1899–1912), Ludwig Forrer (1902-1917), Josef Anton Schobinger (1908–1911)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch -
  1. Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910)
  2. George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Prime Minister - H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916)

North America

Canada –
- Monarch -
  1. Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
  2. George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor General - Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, Governor General of Canada (1904–1911)
- Prime Minister - Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (1896–1911)
Costa Rica –
- President -
  1. Cleto González Víquez, President of Costa Rica (1906–1910)
  2. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1910–1914)
Cuba –
- President - José Miguel Gómez, President of Cuba (1909–1913)
Dominican Republic –
- President - Ramón Cáceres, President of the Dominican Republic (1905–1911)
El Salvador –
- President - Fernando Figueroa, President of El Salvador (1907–1911)
Guatemala –
- President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti –
- President - François C. Antoine Simon, President of Haiti (1908–1911)
Honduras –
- President - Miguel R. Dávila, President of Honduras (1907–1911)
Mexico –
- President - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884–1911)
Newfoundland –
- Monarch -
  1. Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
  2. George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor - Ralph Champneys Williams, Governor of Newfoundland (1909–1913)
- Prime Minister - Sir Edward Patrick Morris, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
Nicaragua –
- President -
  1. José Madriz, President of Nicaragua (1909–1910)
  2. José Dolores Estrada, Acting President of Nicaragua (1910)
  3. Juan José Estrada, President of Nicaragua (1910–1911)
Panama –
- President -
  1. José Domingo de Obaldía, President of Panama (1908–1910)
  2. Carlos Antonio Mendoza, President of Panama (1910)
  3. Federico Boyd, Acting President of Panama (1910)
  4. Pablo Arosemena, President of Panama (1910–1912)
United States –
- President - William Howard Taft, President of the United States (1909–1913)

Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch -
  1. Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
  2. George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General - William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley, Governor-General of Australia (1908–1911)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Alfred Deakin, Prime Minister of Australia (1909–1910)
  2. Andrew Fisher, Prime Minister of Australia (1910–1913)
New Zealand –
- Monarch -
  1. Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
  2. George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor -
  1. William Plunket, Governor of New Zealand (1904–1910)
  2. John Dickson-Poynder, Governor of New Zealand (1910–1912)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Ward, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1906–1912)

South America

Argentina –
- President -
  1. José Figueroa Alcorta, President of Argentina (1906–1910)
  2. Roque Sáenz Peña, President of Argentina (1910–1914)
Bolivia –
- President - Eliodoro Villazón, President of Bolivia (1909–1913)
Brazil –
- President -
  1. Nilo Peçanha, President of Brazil (1909–1910)
  2. Hermes da Fonseca, President of Brazil (1910–1914)
Chile –
- President -
  1. Pedro Montt, President of Chile (1906–1910)
  2. Elías Fernández Albano, Acting President of Chile (1910)
  3. Emiliano Figueroa, Acting President of Chile (1910)
  4. Ramón Barros Luco, President of Chile (1910–1915)
Colombia –
- President -
  1. Ramón González Valencia, President of Colombia (1909–1910)
  2. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo, President of Colombia (1910–1914)
Ecuador –
- President - Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1906–1911)
Paraguay –
- President -
  1. Emiliano González Navero, President of Paraguay (1908–1910)
  2. Manuel Gondra, President of Paraguay (1910–1911)
Peru –
- President - Augusto B. Leguía, President of Peru (1908–1912)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Rafael Fernández de Villanueva Cortez, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1909–1910)
  2. Javier Prado y Ugarteche, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1910)
  3. Germán Schreiber Waddington, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1910)
  4. José Salvador Cavero Ovalle, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1910)
  5. Enrique C. Basadre Stevenson, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1910–1911)
Uruguay –
- President - Claudio Williman, President of Uruguay (1907–1911)
Venezuela –
- President - Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (1908–1913)

References

Ugyen Wangchuck was Druk Gyalpo until 1926, but the Kingdom of Bhutan was only sovereign until 1910.
Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.
Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.
In exile between 1940 and 1945.
Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

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[1] Ugyen Wangchuck was Druk Gyalpo until 1926, but the Kingdom of Bhutan was only sovereign until 1910.

[2] Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.

[Saud-3] Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.

[4] Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.

[5] Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.

[In_exile_between_1940_and_1945-6] In exile between 1940 and 1945.

[Serbs_1921-7] Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.

[8] The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.