List of state leaders in 1999

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1999.

See also

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

References
  1. Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
  2. Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
  3. Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  4. Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  5. Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
  6. "Hussein's cancer relapse prompts 10 more days of chemotherapy". CNN. 28 January 1999. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  7. Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
  8. The position of the Chairman was declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
  9. In exile between 1990 and 1991.
  10. In exile between 1990 and 1991.
  11. Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
  12. Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
  13. Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
  14. Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
  15. Croatia only became independent in 1991.
  16. Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
  17. Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
  18. Russia only became independent in 1991.
  19. The capital was retaken by Russia in 2000 and Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards. President in exile until 2005.
  20. Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
  21. The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  22. Palau only became independent in 1994.
  23. Tonga only became independent in 1970.
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