List of state leaders in 1957
Africa
- Egypt
- President - Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954–1970)[1]
- Prime Minister - Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime Minister of Egypt (1954–1962)[2]
- Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)[3]
- Prime Minister -
- Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
- Abebe Aregai, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1957–1960)
- Ghana
- Gold Coast gained independence on 6 March 1957
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ghana (1957–1960)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Charles Noble Arden-Clarke, Governor of the Gold Coast (1949–1957), Governor-General of Ghana (1957)
- William Hare, Earl of Listowel, Governor-General of Ghana (1957–1960)
- Prime Minister - Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana (1952–1960)
- Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
- Libya
- Monarch - Idris, King of Libya (1951–1969)
- Prime Minister -
- Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime Minister of Libya (1954–1957)
- Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime Minister of Libya (1957–1960)
- Morocco
- Monarch - Mohammed V, King of Morocco[4] (1955–1961)[5]
- Prime Minister - Mbarek Bekkay, President of the Council of Ministers of Morocco (1955–1958)[5]
- South Africa
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of South Africa (1952–1961)
- Governor-General - Ernest George Jansen, Governor-General of South Africa (1951–1959)
- Prime Minister - Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime Minister of South Africa (1954–1958)
- Sudan
- Head of State - Sovereignty Council, Head of State of Sudan (1956–1958)
- Prime Minister - Abdallah Khalil, Prime Minister of Sudan (1956–1958)
- Tunisia
- Kingdom of Tunisia superseded by the Republic of Tunisia on 25 July 1957
- Monarch - Muhammad VIII al-Amin, King of Tunisia (1943–1957)[6]
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957–1987)
- Prime Minister - Habib Bourguiba, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1956–1957)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1953–1963)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1952–1972)
- Prime Minister - Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1952–1964)
- Burma
- President -
- Ba U, President of Burma (1952–1957)
- Win Maung, President of Burma (1957–1962
- Prime Minister -
- President -
- Cambodia
- Monarch - Norodom Suramarit, King of Cambodia (1955–1960)
- Prime Minister -
- Sam Yun, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1956–1957)
- Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1957)
- Sim Var, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1957–1958)
- Ceylon
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Ceylon (1952–1972)
- Governor-General - Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, Governor-General of Ceylon (1954–1962)
- Prime Minister - S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1956–1959)
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader - Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1935–1976)
- Head of State - Mao Zedong, Chairman of China (1949–1959)
- Premier - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of China (1949–1976)
- India
- President - Rajendra Prasad, President of India (1950–1962)
- Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
- Indonesia
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister -
- Ali Sastroamidjojo, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1956–1957)
- Djuanda Kartawidjaja, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1957–1959)
- Islamic State of Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- Leader - Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962)
- Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister
- Hossein Ala', Prime Minister of Iran (1955–1957)
- Manouchehr Eghbal, Prime Minister of Iran (1957–1960)
- Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Prime Minister
- Nuri as-Said, Prime Minister of Iraq (1954–1957)
- Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1957)
- Abdul-Wahab Mirjan, Prime Minister of Iraq (1957–1958)
- Israel
- President - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President of Israel (1952–1963)
- Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1955–1963)
- Japan
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Tanzan Ishibashi, Prime Minister of Japan (1956–1957)
- Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (1957–1960)
- Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Suleiman Nabulsi, Prime Minister of Jordan (1956–1957)
- Abdelhalim al-Nimr, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957)
- Husayn al-Khalidi, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957)
- Ibrahim Hashem, Prime Minister of Jordan (1957–1958)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)[7]
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
- Laos
- Monarch - Sisavang Vong, King of Laos (1946–1959)[8]
- Prime Minister - Prince Souvanna Phouma, Prime Minister of Laos (1956–1958)
- Lebanon
- President - Camille Chamoun, President of Lebanon (1952–1958)
- Prime Minister - Sami as-Solh, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1956–1958)
- Malaya
- gained independence on 31 August 1957
- High Commissioner - Sir Donald MacGillivray, High Commissioner to Malaya (1954–1957)
- Monarch - Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya (1957–1960)
- Prime Minister - Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaya (1955–1970)
- Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Dashiin Damba, First secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1954–1958)
- Head of State - Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Hural of Mongolia (1954–1972)
- Premier - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1952–1974)
- Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Mahendra, King of Nepal (1955–1972)
- Prime Minister
- Tanka Prasad Acharya, Prime Minister of Nepal (1956–1957)
- Kunwar Inderjit Singh, Prime Minister of Nepal (1957–1958)
- Pakistan
- President - Iskander Mirza, President of Pakistan (1955–1958)[9]
- Prime Minister -
- Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1956–1957)
- Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957)
- Feroz Khan Noon, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1957–1958)
- Philippines
- President -
- Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines (1953–1957)
- Carlos P. Garcia, President of the Philippines (1957–1961)
- President -
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1953–1964)
- Prime Minister - Crown Prince Faisal, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1954–1960)
- Syria
- President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1955–1958)
- Prime Minister - Sabri al-Assali, Prime Minister of Syria (1956–1958)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Chiang Kai-shek, President of Taiwan (1950–1975)
- Premier - Yu Hung-Chun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1954–1958)
- Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister
- Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Thailand (1948–1957)
- Pote Sarasin, Prime Minister of Thailand (1957–1958)
- Turkey
- President - Celâl Bayar, President of Turkey (1950–1960)
- Prime Minister - Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960)
- North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Hồ Chí Minh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1956–1960)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1955–1987)[10]
- South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
- President - Ngô Đình Diệm, President of South Vietnam (1955–1963)
- Yemen
- Monarch - Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1955–1962)
Europe
- Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1953–1982)
- Premier - Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1954–1981)
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - René Coty, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1954–1959)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Yves Michel (1956–1958)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- French Co-Prince - René Coty, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1954–1959)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
- Monarchs -
- Austria
- President -
- Theodor Körner, Federal President of Austria (1951–1957)
- Julius Raab, Acting Federal President of Austria (1957)
- Adolf Schärf, Federal President of Austria (1957–1965)
- Chancellor - Julius Raab, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1953–1961)
- President -
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister - Achille Van Acker, Prime Minister of Belgium (1954–1958)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
- Head of State - Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1950–1958)
- Premier - Anton Yugov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1956–1962)
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist Party Leader - Antonín Novotný, First Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1953–1968)
- President -
- Antonín Zápotocký, President of Czechoslovakia (1953–1957)
- Viliam Široký, Acting President of Czechoslovakia (1957)
- Antonín Novotný, President of Czechoslovakia (1957–1968)
- Prime Minister - Viliam Široký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1953–1963)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister - H. C. Hansen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1955–1960)
- Finland
- President - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (1956–1981)
- Prime Minister -
- Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (1956–1957)
- V. J. Sukselainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1957)
- Rainer von Fieandt, Prime Minister of Finland (1957–1958)
- France
- President - René Coty, President of France (1954–1959)
- Prime Minister -
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader - Walter Ulbricht, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1950–1971)
- President - Wilhelm Pieck, President of East Germany (1949–1960)
- Premier - Otto Grotewohl, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1949–1964)
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President - Theodor Heuss, Federal President of West Germany (1949–1959)
- Chancellor - Konrad Adenauer, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1949–1963)
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
- Governing Mayor -
- Otto Suhr, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1955–1957)
- Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1957–1966)
- Governing Mayor -
- Greece
- Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
- Prime Minister - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1955–1958)
- Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
- Head of State - István Dobi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1952–1967)
- Premier - János Kádár, President of the Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Government of Hungary (1956–1958)
- Iceland
- President - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President of Iceland (1952–1968)
- Prime Minister - Hermann Jónasson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1956–1958)
- Ireland
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister -
- John A. Costello, Taoiseach of Ireland (1954–1957)
- Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1957–1959)
- Italy
- President - Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy (1955–1962)
- Prime Minister -
- Antonio Segni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1955–1957)
- Adone Zoli, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1957–1958)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)[11]
- Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1953–1958)
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Henry Soum, Minister of State of Monaco (1953–1959)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- Governor -
- Frans E.J. van der Valk, Acting Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1956–1957)
- Antonius B. Speekenbrink, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1957–1961)
- Prime Minister - Efraïn Jonckheer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1954–1968)
- Governor -
- Suriname (constituent country)
- Governor-General - Jan van Tilburg, Governor-General of Suriname (1956–1963)
- Prime Minister - Johan Ferrier, Prime Minister of Suriname (1955–1958)
- Norway
- Monarch -
- Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[11]
- Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Regent - Crown Prince Olav, Regent of Norway (1955–1957)
- Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1955–1963)
- Monarch -
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1956–1970)
- Head of State - Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1952–1964)
- Premier - Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1954–1970)
- Portugal
- President - Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of Portugal (1951–1958)
- Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
- Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, First Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1955–1965)
- Head of State - Petru Groza, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1952–1958)
- Premier - Chivu Stoica, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1955–1961)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Mariano Ceccoli and Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1956–1957)
- Giordano Giacomini and Primo Marani, Captains Regent of San Marino (1957)
- Federico Bigi + Alvaro Casali + Pietro Giancecchi + Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti, Provisional Government of San Marino (1957)
- Marino Valdes Franciosi and Federico Micheloni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1957–1958)
- Captains Regent -
- Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
- Head of State - Kliment Voroshilov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1953–1960)
- Premier - Nikolai Bulganin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1955–1958)
- Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (1950–1973)
- Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[12]
- Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Markus Feldmann (1951–1958), Hans Streuli (1953–1959, President), Paul Chaudet (1954–1966), Giuseppe Lepori (1954–1959), Thomas Holenstein (1955–1959)
- Federal Council:[12]
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Sir Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1955–1957)
- Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963)
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Domenico Tardini, Pro-Secretary of State (1952–1961)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1936–1980)
- President - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1953–1980)
- Premier - Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)
North America
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada (1952–1959)
- Prime Minister -
- Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
- John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada (1957–1963)
- Costa Rica
- President - José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1953–1958)
- Cuba
- President - Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1952–1959)
- Prime Minister -
- Jorge García Montes, Prime Minister of Cuba (1955–1957)
- Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime Minister of Cuba (1957–1958)
- Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President - Héctor Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1952–1960)
- El Salvador
- President - José María Lemus, President of El Salvador (1956–1960)
- Guatemala
- President -
- Haiti
- Head of State -
- Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President of Haiti (1956–1957)
- Franck Sylvain, Provisional President of Haiti (1957)
- Léon Cantave, Army Chief of General Staff of Haiti (1957)
- Executive Government Council, President of Haiti (1957)
- Léon Cantave, Army Chief of General Staff of Haiti (1957)
- Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President of Haiti (1957)
- Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council of Haiti (1957)
- François Duvalier, President of Haiti (1957–1971)
- Head of State -
- Honduras
- President -
- Military Government Council, President of Honduras (1956–1957)
- Ramón Villeda Morales, President of Honduras (1957–1963)
- President -
- Mexico
- President - Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President of Mexico (1952–1958)
- Nicaragua
- President - Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1956–1963)
- Panama
- President - Ernesto de la Guardia, President of Panama (1956–1960)
- United States of America
- President - Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States (1953–1961)
Oceania
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir William Slim, Governor-General of Australia (1953–1960)
- Prime Minister - Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia (1949–1966)
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Willoughby Norrie, Governor-General of New Zealand (1952–1957)
- Sir Harold Eric Barrowclough, Administrator of the Government of New Zealand (1957)
- Charles Lyttelton, Viscount Cobham, Governor-General of New Zealand (1957–1962)
- Prime Minister -
- Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949–1957)
- Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957)
- Walter Nash, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1957–1960)
South America
- Argentina
- President - Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, President of Argentina (1955–1958)
- Bolivia
- President - Hernán Siles Zuazo, President of Bolivia (1956–1960)
- Brazil
- President - Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil (1956–1961)
- Chile
- President - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President of Chile (1952–1958)
- Colombia
- Head of State -
- Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President of Colombia (1953–1957)
- Gabriel París Gordillo, Chairman of the Military Junta of Colombia (1957–1958)
- Head of State -
- Ecuador
- President - Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President of Ecuador (1956–1960)
- Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
- Peru
- President - Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru (1956–1962)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Cisneros Sánchez, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1956–1958)
- Uruguay
- Head of State -
- Venezuela
- President - Marcos Pérez Jiménez, President of Venezuela (1952–1958)
References
- Gamal Abdel Nasser was President of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
- Gamal Abdel Nasser was Prime Minister of the United Arab Republic 1958-1961.
- In exile between 1936 and 1941.
- The monarch's title changed from Sultan to King on 14 August 1957.
- Morocco only became independent in 1956.
- Tunisia only became independent in 1956.
- North Korea only became independent in 1948.
- Laos only became independent in 1953.
- Iskander Mirza was titled Governor-General of Pakistan between 1955 and 1956, under the monarchy.
- Prime minister of Vietnam from 1976 to 1987.
- In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
External links
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