Ma'anyan language

Ma'anyan
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Kalimantan
Native speakers	150,000 (2003)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian East Barito Central–South Ma'anyan; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mhy
Glottolog	maan1238

Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is closely related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar.

Connection with Malagasy

The Malagasy language is believed to have originated from the Southeast Barito language, and Ma'anyan is believed to be its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.[2][3] It is known that Ma'anyan people were brought as labourer and slaves by Malay and Javanese people in their trading fleets, which reached Madagascar by ca. 50-500 AD.[4][5][6] There is high lexical similarity with other East Barito languages like Paku (77%) and Dusun Witu (75%).

Vocabulary

Vocabulary comparison between Malay, Banjarese, Ma'anyan, and Malagasy.

Malay	Banjarese	Ma'anyan	Malagasy	English
monyet	warik	warik	varika ("lemur")	monkey
bemban	bamban	waman
bulian	balian	wadian
patih	patih	patis		regent
lama	lawas	lawah	lava	long
kawan	kawal	kawal/hengau	namana	friend
obat	tatamba	tatamba	tambavy	medicine
senang	aray	aray	faly	happy, easy
masih	magun	pagun	manangona (ENG: to accumulate)	to keep ...ing
arya	aria	uria
demang	damang	damhong

References

Ma'anyan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Otto Chr. Dahl, Malgache et Maanjan: une comparaison linguistique, Egede-Instituttet Avhandlinger, no. 3 (Oslo: Egede-Instituttet, 1951), p. 13.
There are also some Sulawesi loanwords, which Adelaar attributes to contact prior to the migration to Madagascar: See K. Alexander Adelaar, “The Indonesian Migrations to Madagascar: Making Sense of the Multidisciplinary Evidence”, in Truman Simanjuntak, Ingrid Harriet Eileen Pojoh and Muhammad Hisyam (eds.), Austronesian Diaspora and the Ethnogeneses of People in Indonesian Archipelago, (Jakarta: Indonesian Institute of Sciences, 2006), pp. 8–9.
Dewar, Robert E.; Wright, Henry T. (1993). "The culture history of Madagascar". Journal of World Prehistory. 7 (4): 417–466. doi:10.1007/bf00997802. hdl:2027.42/45256.
Burney DA, Burney LP, Godfrey LR, Jungers WL, Goodman SM, Wright HT, Jull AJ (August 2004). "A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (1–2): 25–63. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005. PMID 15288523.
Kumar, Ann. (1993). 'Dominion Over Palm and Pine: Early Indonesia’s Maritime Reach', in Anthony Reid (ed.), Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past (Sigapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), 101-122.

Gudai, Darmansyah H. (1985). A grammar of Maanyan: a language of Central Kalimantan (PhD thesis). The Australian National University. doi:10.25911/5D763957026A1. hdl:1885/10904.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

Ma'anyan language and grammar (in Ma'anyan)

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[e18-1] Ma'anyan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[2] Otto Chr. Dahl, Malgache et Maanjan: une comparaison linguistique, Egede-Instituttet Avhandlinger, no. 3 (Oslo: Egede-Instituttet, 1951), p. 13.

[3] There are also some Sulawesi loanwords, which Adelaar attributes to contact prior to the migration to Madagascar: See K. Alexander Adelaar, “The Indonesian Migrations to Madagascar: Making Sense of the Multidisciplinary Evidence”, in Truman Simanjuntak, Ingrid Harriet Eileen Pojoh and Muhammad Hisyam (eds.), Austronesian Diaspora and the Ethnogeneses of People in Indonesian Archipelago, (Jakarta: Indonesian Institute of Sciences, 2006), pp. 8–9.

[Dewar19932-4] Dewar, Robert E.; Wright, Henry T. (1993). "The culture history of Madagascar". Journal of World Prehistory. 7 (4): 417–466. doi:10.1007/bf00997802. hdl:2027.42/45256.

[Burney20042-5] Burney DA, Burney LP, Godfrey LR, Jungers WL, Goodman SM, Wright HT, Jull AJ (August 2004). "A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (1–2): 25–63. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005. PMID 15288523.

[6] Kumar, Ann. (1993). 'Dominion Over Palm and Pine: Early Indonesia’s Maritime Reach', in Anthony Reid (ed.), Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past (Sigapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), 101-122.