Socialist International

The Socialist International (SI) is a worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism.[1] It consists mostly of democratic socialist, social-democratic and labour political parties and other organisations.

Socialist International
Socialist International logo
Countries with members of Socialist International
AbbreviationSI
PredecessorLabour and Socialist International
Formation3 June 1951 (1951-06-03)
TypeInternational non-governmental organization
Purpose"Strengthen relations between the affiliated parties and to coordinate their political attitudes and activities"[1]
Location
Region served
Worldwide
Membership
147
President
George Papandreou
Secretary General
Luis Ayala
Main organ
Congress of the Socialist International
Budget
£1.4 million (2014)[2]
Websitesocialistinternational.org
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Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents to the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 147 member parties[3] and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe.

The current secretary general of the SI is Luis Ayala (Chile) and the current president of the SI is the former Prime Minister of Greece, George Papandreou,[4] both of whom were re-elected at the last SI Congress held in Cartagena, Colombia in March 2017.

History

First and Second Internationals (1864–1916)

The International Workingmen's Association, also known as the First International, was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class.[5] It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions.[6] Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia.[7]

The Second International was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an association of the socialist parties.[8] Differences over World War I led to the Second International being dissolved in 1916.

Labour and Socialist International (1919–1940)

The International Socialist Commission (ISC), also known as the Berne International, was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Bern by parties that wanted to resurrect the Second International.[9] In March 1919 communist parties formed Comintern (the Third International) at a meeting in Moscow.[10]

Parties which did not want to be a part of the resurrected Second International (ISC) or Comintern formed the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP, also known as Vienna International/Vienna Union/Two-and-a-Half International) on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna.[11] The ISC and the IWUSP joined to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg.[12] The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940.

Socialist International (1951–present)

The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI.[13]

During the post-World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship gave way to democracy in Portugal (1974) and Spain (1975). Until its 1976 Geneva Congress, the SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America.[14] In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose democratically elected left-wing government was subject to a campaign to overthrow it backed by the United States, which culminated in the Iran–Contra affair after the Reagan administration covertly continued US support for the Contras after such support was banned by Congress.

Willy Brandt with outgoing secretary general Bernt Carlsson (left) and new secretary general Pentti Väänänen (right) at the Socialist International Congress in 1983

In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East–West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALT II, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C. with President Jimmy Carter and Vice-President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev. The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by the Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa.[15]

Since then, the SI has admitted as members an increasing number of parties and organisations from Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America (see below for current list).

Following the Tunisian Revolution, the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011;[16] later that month the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled;[17] and as a result of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis, the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011,[18] in accordance with section 7.1 of the statutes of the Socialist International. These decisions were approved at the subsequent SI Congress in Cape Town in 2012 in line with section 5.1.3 of the statutes.[19]

Progressive Alliance split (2013)

On 22 May 2013 the SPD along with some other current and former member parties of the SI founded a rival international network of social-democratic parties known as the Progressive Alliance, citing their perceived undemocratic and outmoded nature of the SI,[20][21][22][23] as well as the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into the organization.[24][25]

After the 2012 Congress, the SI underwent major changes as many of the large European parties allowed their membership to lapse - for example the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Swedish Social Democratic Labour Party - or downgraded their membership to observer status - for example, the British Labour Party and the Norwegian Labour Party (DNA) . These parties now concentrate their international links on the Progressive Alliance, with the SI's focus now increasingly being on the global south.

Relationship with Latin America

For a long time, the Socialist International remained distant from Latin America, considering the region as a zone of influence of the United States. For example, it did not denounce the coup d'état against Socialist President Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954 or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by the United States in 1965. It was not until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that we discovered "a world we did not know", explains Antoine Blanca, a diplomat for the French PS. According to him, solidarity with the Chilean left was "the first challenge worthy of the name, against Washington, of an International which, until then, had done everything to appear subject to American strategy and NATO". Subsequently, notably under the leadership of François Mitterrand, the SI supported the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and other movements in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras in their struggle against US-supported dictatorships.[26]

In the 1990s, it was joined by non-socialist parties that took note of the economic power of the European countries governed or to be governed by their partners across the Atlantic and calculated the benefits they could derive from it. During this period, "the socialist international works in a clientist way; some parties come here to rub shoulders with Europeans as if they were in the upper class," says Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, one of the representatives of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Mexico) at the SI. It is home to "the very centrist Argentinean Radical Civic Union (UCR); the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which was not very democratically in power for seventy years; the Colombian Liberal Party—under whose governments the left-wing formation Patriotic Union (1986–1990) was exterminated—introduced the neoliberal model (1990–1994) and to which, until 2002, Álvaro Uribe will belong". In the following decade, many left-wing parties that came to power (in Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and El Salvador) preferred to keep their distance from the SI.[26]

Presidents, honorary presidents and secretaries general

Presidents

Honorary presidents

Current and honorary presidents include:[27]

Secretaries general

Summits

Members

Full members

The following parties are full members:[28][29]

Country Name Abbr Government Notes
 AlbaniaSocialist Party of Albania[30][31][32]PSin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[33][32] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34]
 AlgeriaSocialist Forces Front[35][36][37]FFSin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][37]
 AndorraSocial Democratic Party[40][41]PSin oppositionPromoted to full member in 2003.[34][41]
 AngolaPopular Movement for the Liberation of Angola[42]MPLAin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][42]
 ArgentinaRadical Civic Union[43]UCRin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][43]
 ArmeniaArmenian Revolutionary Federation [44][45]ARFin oppositionAdmitted (as Armenian Socialist Party) as observer member in 1996.[39][45] Promoted (as ASP) to consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted (as ASP) to full member in 2003.[34]
 AustriaSocial Democratic Party of Austria[46]SPÖin oppositionFull member since 1951.[46]
 AzerbaijanSocial Democratic PartyASDPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[34] Readmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47] Admitted as full member in 2016.[48]
 BelarusBelarusian Social Democratic PartyBSDPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 1999.[33] Promoted to consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
 BelgiumSocialist Party[50]PSconfidence and supply
 BoliviaFrente de Unidad NacionalUNin oppositionPromoted to full member in March 2017.
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaSocial Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina[51][41]SDP BiHin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][41]
 BrazilDemocratic Labour Party[52]PDTin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[53][52] Promoted to full member in 1989.[52][54]
 BulgariaParty of Bulgarian Social Democrats[55]PBSDin opposition
Bulgarian Socialist Party[56]BSPin oppositionAdmitted as full member in 2003.[34][56]
 Burkina FasoPeople's Movement for ProgressMPPin governmentAdmitted as full member in 2016.[48]
 CameroonSocial Democratic Front[57]SDFin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][57]
 Cape VerdeAfrican Party for the Independence of Cape Verde[58]PAICVin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][58]
 Central African Republic Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People MLPCin opposition Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Upgraded to full member in 2018.
 Chad National Union for Democracy and Renewal UNDRin opposition Admitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[47] Upgraded to full member in 2017.
 ChileParty for Democracy[60]PPDin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][60]
Radical Social Democratic Party[61]PRSDin opposition
Socialist Party of Chile[62]PSin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][62]
 ColombiaColombian Liberal Party[63]PLCjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][63]
 Costa RicaNational Liberation Party[64]PLNin oppositionFull member since 1987.[64]
 CroatiaSocial Democratic Party of Croatia[65][66]SDPin oppositionAdmitted as full member in 1999.[33][66]
 CyprusMovement for Social Democracy[67][68]EDEKin oppositionFull member since 1987.[68] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
Cyprus (North)Republican Turkish PartyCTPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2008 (pending consultation).[59] Promoted to full member in June/July 2014.[47]
Cyprus (North)Communal Democracy PartyTDPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in November 2015.[49] Promoted to full member in March 2017.
 Czech RepublicCzech Social Democratic Party[69][70]ČSSDjunior party in coalition
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Union for Democracy and Social Progress UDPSin government Admitted as observer member in 2003.[34]
 Dominican RepublicDominican Revolutionary Party[71]PRDjunior party in coalitionFull member since 1987.[71]
 Equatorial GuineaConvergence for Social Democracy[72]CPDSin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][72]
 FinlandSocial Democratic Party of FinlandSDPsenior party in coalition
 FranceSocialist Party[73]PSin opposition
 GhanaNational Democratic CongressNDCin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
 GreecePanhellenic Socialist MovementPASOKin oppositionPart of the Movement for Change coalition. Full member since 1990.[74]
 GuatemalaNational Unity of HopeUNEin oppositionAdmitted as full member in 2008.[59]
 GuineaRally of the Guinean People[75][76]RPGin governmentAdmitted (as Guinean People's Assembly) as consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted (as GPA) to full member in 2003.[34][76]
 HaitiFusion of Haitian Social Democrats[77]PFSDHin oppositionFull member since 1989.[77]
Social Democratic Assembly for the Progress of Haiti (RSD) RSDin opposition Admitted as full members in 2018[78]
 HungaryHungarian Socialist Party[79][80]MSzPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[38][80] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39]
 IndiaIndian National CongressINCin oppositionOriginally joined in 1993.[81] Readmitted as full member December 2014.[82]
 IranKurdistan Democratic PartyKDPN/AAdmitted as a full member in November 2015.[49]
 IraqPatriotic Union of KurdistanPUKjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
 IrelandLabour Party[83][84]in opposition
 IsraelMeretz[85][68]in opposition
 ItalyItalian Socialist PartyPSIjunior party in coalition
 JamaicaPeople's National Party[86]PNPin oppositionFull member since 1952.[86] Temporarily demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28]
 JapanSocial Democratic Party[87]SDPin oppositionFull member since 1951 as the Japan Socialist Party.[87]
 KazakhstanNationwide Social Democratic PartyOSDPN/AAdmitted as consultative member in 2012.[88] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
 KyrgyzstanSocial Democratic Party of KyrgyzstanSDPKin governmentPromoted to full member in June 2018.
 LebanonProgressive Socialist Party[89]PSPin oppositionFull member since 1980.[89]
 LithuaniaSocial Democratic Party of Lithuania[90]LSDPjunior party in coalitionFull member since the 1990s.[90]
 Luxembourg Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party[91][92] LSAP/POSLjunior party in coalitionFull member since 1951.[92]
 MaliAlliance for Democracy in Mali[93]ADEMA-PASJin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][93] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Rally for MaliRPMin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
 MauritaniaRally of Democratic ForcesRFDin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
 MauritiusLabour Party[94]PTin oppositionFull member since 1969.[94]
Mauritian Militant Movement[95]MMMin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][95] Part of the Alliance of the Heart.
 MexicoInstitutional Revolutionary Party[96]PRIin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][96]
 MoldovaDemocratic Party of Moldova[97]PDMjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in 2012.[88]
Part of Alliance for European Integration.
 MongoliaMongolian People's Party[98][99]MPPin governmentAdmitted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) as observer member in 1999.[33][99]
Promoted (as Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) to full member in 2003.[34][99]
 MontenegroDemocratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro[100]DPSsenior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Social Democratic Party of Montenegro[100][101][102]SDPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][102]
 MoroccoSocialist Union of Popular Forces[103][104][105]USFPin oppositionPromoted to full member in 1992.[38]
 MozambiqueFrelimo Party[106]FRELIMOin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33]
 NamibiaSouth West Africa People's OrganisationSWAPOin governmentPromoted to full member in 2008.[59]
NepalNepali Congress[107][108]NCin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33][108]
 NigerNigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism[109]PNDSin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][109]
 PakistanPakistan Peoples Party[110]PPPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][110]
 PalestineFatah[111][112]in governmentAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 1999.[33]
Promoted to full member in 2012.[88]
 PanamaDemocratic Revolutionary Party[113]PRDin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[53][113] Admitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34]
 ParaguayDemocratic Progressive PartyPDPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
 PeruAmerican Popular Revolutionary Alliance[114]APRAin oppositionPromoted to full member in 1999.[33]
 Philippines Philippine Democratic Socialist Party PDSPin opposition Admitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014. Reinstated in 2019.
 PortugalSocialist Party[115]PSin government
 Puerto RicoPuerto Rican Independence Party[116]PIPin oppositionConsultative member in 1987, full member in 1994.[116] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
 RomaniaSocial Democratic Party[117][118]PSDin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33] Consultative member in 1992, full member in 2001.[118] Admitted as full member in 2003.[34]
 RussiaA Just Russia[119][120]SRin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2010. Promoted to full member in 2012.[88][121]
 San MarinoParty of Socialists and Democrats[109]PSDin oppositionConsultative member in 1961, full member in 1980.[109]
 SenegalSocialist Party of Senegal[122][123]PSN/AFull member since the 1970s.[123] Boycotted last election.
 SlovakiaDirection – Social Democracy[124]SMER-SDin oppositionFull member since 1994.[124]
 South AfricaAfrican National Congress[125]ANCin governmentAdmitted as full member in 1999.[33][125]
 SpainSpanish Socialist Workers' Party[126]PSOEin governmentFull member since 1951.[126]
 TunisiaDemocratic Forum for Labour and LibertiesFDTLjunior party in coalitionAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Promoted to full member in 2012.[88]
 TurkeyRepublican People's Party[127][128][129]CHPin oppositionTook Social Democratic Populist Party's place in 1995.[129]
 United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)Social Democratic and Labour Party[130][131]SDLPin oppositionFull member since 1974.[131]
 UruguayNew Space[132][133]PNEin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[33] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][133]
 VenezuelaA New EraUNTin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[134] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49]
Democratic Action[135][136]ADin oppositionObserver member in 1966, consultative member in 1981, full member mid 1980s.[136]
Popular WillVPin oppositionAdmitted as full member in December 2014.[82]
 YemenYemeni Socialist PartyYSPin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[59]
Promoted to full member in 2012.[88]

Consultative parties

The following parties are consultative parties:[28][29]

Country Name Abbr Government Notes
 BotswanaBotswana Democratic PartyBDPin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Unified Lumumbist Party PALUin opposition Admitted as observer member in December 2014.[82] Upgraded to consultative in 2019.
 Djibouti Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development MRD in opposition Admitted as consultative members in 2019.
 EswatiniPeople's United Democratic MovementPUDEMON/AAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[134] Political parties are banned in Eswatini.
 GabonGabonese Progress PartyPGPN/AAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39]
 GambiaUnited Democratic PartyUDPN/AAdmitted as consultative member in 2012.[88] Boycotted last election.
 GeorgiaSocial Democrats for the Development of GeorgiaSDDN/AAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[134]
 Ghana Convention People's Party CPP Admitted as consultative member in 2018
 Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape VerdePAIGCin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
 IranDemocratic Party of Iranian KurdistanPDKIN/AAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to consultative member in 2008.[59]
Komala Party of Iranian KurdistanKPIKN/A
 PalestinePalestinian National Initiative[112]PNIin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2012.[88]
Palestine Popular Struggle Front PPSF Admitted as consultative member in 2018.
 Sahrawi RepublicPolisario FrontPOLISARIOin governmentAdmitted as observer member in 2008.[59] Promoted to consultative member in 2017.[137][138]
 São Tomé and PríncipeMovement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic PartyMLSTP/PSDin governmentAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[134]
 SyriaDemocratic Union PartyPYDAdmitted as consultative member in November 2015.[49]
 TogoDemocratic Convention of African PeoplesCDPAAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[33]
 TurkeyPeoples' Democratic PartyHDPin oppositionAdmitted as consultative member in 2015.
 UkraineSocial Democratic Party of Ukraine[139]SDPUN/AAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]

Observer parties

The following parties are observer parties:[28][29]

Country Name Abbr Government Notes
 SwazilandSwaziland Democratic PartySWADEPAAdmitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[47]
 IranKomala Party of KurdistanKPKAdmitted as observer member in December 2014.[82]
 KenyaLabour Party of KenyaAdmitted as observer member in 2012.[88]
 KosovoVetëvendosjeVVin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in 2018.
 LesothoLesotho Congress for DemocracyLCDin oppositionAdmitted as observer member in June/July 2014.[47]
 SerbiaSocial Democratic Party of SerbiaSDPSjunior party in coalition governmentAdmitted as observer member in 2018.
 SomalilandJustice and Welfare PartyJWP
 United KingdomLabour Party[140]in oppositionMember since 1951.[140] Welsh Labour is in government in Wales and London Labour holds the London Mayoralty. The party asked to be downgraded to observer status in February 2013 "in view of ethical concerns, and to develop international co-operation through new networks."[141]

Former members
Country Name Abbr Notes
 AlbaniaSocial Democratic Party of Albania[142]PSDAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][142] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 Algeria National Liberation FrontFLNExpelled following the 2019 Algerian protests.
 AndorraNew DemocracyNDAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[33]
 Antigua and BarbudaAntigua Labour PartyALPAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
 ArgentinaPopular Socialist PartyPSPAdmitted as full member in 1992.[38] Merged with the Democratic Socialist Party to form the Socialist Party.
Socialist Party[143][144]PSFull member since 1951.[144]
 ArubaPeople's Electoral Movement[42]MEPPromoted to full member in 1992.[38] Full member since 1994.[42] Delisted in December 2014.
 AustraliaAustralian Labor Party[145]ALPAdmitted as full member in 1966.[145] Delisted in December 2014.
 BarbadosBarbados Labour Party[146]BLPAdmitted as full member in 1987.[146] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 BelgiumBelgian Socialist PartyPSB/BSPFounder member. Split in 1978.
Socialist Party DifferentSP.aDelisted in 2017.
 BeninDemocratic Union of Progressive ForcesUDFPAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[38]
Social Democratic Party[147] PSDAdmitted as consultative member in 1999.[33][147] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][147]
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance of Independent Social DemocratsSNSDAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008[59] Expelled in August 2012.[88]
 BotswanaBotswana National FrontBNFAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
 BoliviaRevolutionary Left Movement[148]MIRAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Consultative member in 1987.[148] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38][148]
 BulgariaEuropean LeftBEL[149]Admitted as observer member in 1999.[33]
 Burkina FasoParty for Democracy and Progress / Socialist Party[60]PDP/PSAdmitted as full member circa 1995.[60] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 BurundiFront for Democracy in BurundiFRODEBUAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28]
Delisted in December 2014.
 CanadaCo-operative Commonwealth FederationCCFBecame the New Democratic Party in 1961.
 CanadaNew Democratic Party[150]NDP/NPDDelisted in 2018.[151]
 Central African RepublicMovement for Democracy and Social ProgressMDPSAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[38]
 Ivory CoastIvorian Popular Front[152]FPIAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39][152] Expelled in March 2011.[18]
 ColombiaAlternative Democratic PolePDAFormer observer member. Delisted in December 2014.
M-19 Democratic AllianceAdmitted as observer member in 1992.[38]
 CuraçaoPartido MANMANPromoted to full member in 1989.[54] Delisted in 2017.
 DenmarkSocial DemocratsSDFounding member. Withdrew in 2017.
 DominicaDominica Labour PartyDLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 EcuadorDemocratic Left[153]PIDMember since 1987.[153] Delisted in 2017.
 Egypt Egyptian Social Democratic PartyESDP (or HMDI in Arabic)Admitted as consultative member in 2012.[88] Promoted to full member in November 2015.[49] Delisted in 2019 due to non-payment of membership fees.
National Democratic Party[64]NDPAdmitted as full member in 1989.[54] Full member since 1992.[64] Expelled in January 2011.[17][154][155]
 El SalvadorDemocratic PartyPDAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
 EstoniaSocial Democratic Party[156][157]SDEMember since 1990.[157] Withdrew in 2017.
 FijiFiji Labour PartyFLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Expelled in 2008, due to the party's participation in a government issued from a military coup.[59]
 GeorgiaUnion of Citizens of GeorgiaCUGAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
 GermanySocial Democratic Party of GermanySPDFounding member. Withdrew in 2017.
 GreenlandForwardAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 GuatemalaSocial Democratic Convergence[158]CSDAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34][158]
 HaitiParty of the National Congress of Democratic MovementsKONAKOMAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39]
Struggling People's OrganizationOPLAdmitted (as Lavalas Political Organisation) as observer member in 1996.[39]
Revolutionary Progressive Nationalist PartyPANPRAAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Promoted to full member in 1992.[38]
 Hungary Social Democratic Party of Hungary MSZDPMember since 1990. Admitted as observer member in 1992. Promoted to consultative member in 1999.

Promoted to full member in 2003. Delisted in 2020 due to inactivity

 IcelandSocial Democratic PartyAMember since 1987.[159] Formed Social Democratic Alliance in 2000.
Social Democratic AllianceSWithdrew in 2017.
 IranLeague of Iranian SocialistsJoined in 1960.[160] It was dissolved in 1980s.
 IsraelIsraeli Labor Party[85][68]AvodaUntil May 2020, it temporarily suspended membership in July 2018 over SI's adoption of BDS policies.[161]
 ItalyDemocratic Party of the LeftPDSAdmitted as full member in 1992.[38] Merged with others to form Democrats of the Left in 1998.
Democrats of the Left[162]DSFull member since 1992 as Democratic Party of the Left.[162] Merged with other movements to form the Democratic Party in 2007. Listed as SI member until XXIV Congress in 2012.
Italian Socialist PartyPSIParty dissolved in 1994 and succeeded by the Italian Socialists (who formed the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 and resumed as the Italian Socialist Party PSI in 2007).
Italian Democratic Socialist PartyPSDIParty merged into the Italian Democratic Socialists in 1998 (renamed into Italian Socialist Party PSI in 2007).
 JapanDemocratic Socialist PartyMinsha-tōAdmitted as SI member in 1961.[163] Merged with non-socialist movements to form the New Frontier Party in 1994.
 JordanJordanian Democratic Party of the LeftJDPLAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[34]
 KyrgyzstanAta Meken Socialist Party[164]Admitted as observer member in 2008.[59]
 LatviaLatvian Social Democratic Workers' Party[165]LSDSPFull member since 1994.[165] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28]
Delisted in December 2014.
Social Democratic Party "Harmony"SDPSAdmitted as consultative member in June/July 2014.[47] Withdrew in 2017.
 North MacedoniaSocial Democratic Union of Macedonia[166][167][168]SDSMAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 2003.[34][168] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 MadagascarParty for National UnityVITMAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[54]
 MalaysiaDemocratic Action Party[169][136]DAPFull member since 1987.[136] Delisted in 2017.[169]
 MaltaLabour Party[170]PLFull member since 1955.[170] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 Mexico Party of the Democratic Revolution[171] PRDAdmitted as full member in 1996.[39][171]
 MoldovaSocial Democratic Party of MoldovaPSDMAdmitted as observer member in 1996.[39]
 MongoliaMongolian Social Democratic Party[99]MSDPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38][99] Promoted to full member in 1996.[39] Merged with others in 2000 to form the Democratic Party.
 NamibiaCongress of DemocratsCoDAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 NetherlandsLabour Party[172]PvdADecided to minimise involvement in SI in December 2012.[173] Delisted in December 2014.
 New ZealandNew Zealand Labour Party[133]NZLPMember since 1952.[133] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
Nicaragua Sandinista National Liberation Front FSLN Expelled in January 2019 because of violation of human rights during the Nicaraguan protests
 Nigeria All Progressives Congress[112] APCAdmitted as consultative member in December 2014.[82]
 North VietnamVietnamese Socialist Party[174]Consultative member between 1955 and 1969.[174]
 NorwayLabour Party[175][176]DNAMember since 1951.[176] Withdrew in 2016.
 ParaguayParty for a Country of Solidarity[177]PPSAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Revolutionary Febrerista Party[178][179]PRFAdmitted as full member in the 1970s.[179]
 PhilippinesAkbayan Citizens' Action PartyAKBAYANAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
 PolandDemocratic Left Alliance[180][181]SLDFull member since 1996.[181] Withdrew in 2017.
Labour Union[182]UPAdmitted as full member in 1996.[39][182] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28]
Delisted in December 2014.
Social Democracy of the Republic of PolandSdRPAdmitted as full member in 1996.[39] Absorbed into the Democratic Left Alliance in 1999.
 RomaniaDemocratic PartyPDAdmitted as consultative member in 1996.[39] Promoted to full member in 1999.[33] Merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party.
 RussiaSocial Democratic Party of RussiaSDPRAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
 Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and Nevis Labour PartySKNLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 Saint LuciaProgressive Labour PartyExpelled in 1992.[38]
Saint Lucia Labour PartySLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent Labour PartySVGLPAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[54] Merged with the Movement for National Unity in 1994 to form the Unity Labour Party.
Unity Labour PartyULPDemoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 Serbia Democratic Party[183] DSAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Social Democratic Party[183]SDPAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Promoted to full member in 2008.[59]
Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Ceased to exist in 2009[183]
 SingaporePeople's Action PartyPAPResigned in 1976 due to Dutch concerns over suppression of free speech.
 SlovakiaParty of the Democratic LeftSDĽAdmitted as full member in 1996.[39] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
Social Democratic Party of SlovakiaSDSSAdmitted as full member in 1992.[38] Merged with Direction – Social Democracy in 2005.
 SloveniaSlovenian Democratic PartySDSAdmitted (as the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia) as observer member in 1992.[38]
Social Democrats[184]SDAdmitted (as United List of Social Democrats) as full member in 1996.[39][184] Demoted to observer member in 2012 due to non-payment of membership fees.[28] Delisted in December 2014.
 SwedenSwedish Social Democratic PartySAPWithdrew in March 2017.[185]
  SwitzerlandSocial Democratic Party of Switzerland[186]SP/PSWithdrew in 2017.
 Tanzania Chama Cha MapinduziCCMAdmitted as full member in 2013.
 Timor-Leste Revolutionary Front for an Independent East TimorFRETILINAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
 TunisiaConstitutional Democratic Rally[52]RCDAdmitted as full member in 1989.[54] Full member since 1993.[52] Expelled in January 2011.[16]
Popular Unity MovementMUPAdmitted as consultative member in 1989.[54]
 TurkeyDemocratic Left PartyDSPAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Expelled in 1992.[38]
Democratic People's PartyDEHAPAdmitted as observer member in 2003.[34] Merged with the Democratic Society Movement to form the Democratic Society Party which in turn was succeeded by the Peace and Democracy Party.
Social Democracy Party[129]SODEPFull member since 1990.[129] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.[129]
Social Democratic Populist PartySHPAdmitted as consultative member in 1986.[53] Promoted to full member in 1989.[54] Merged with the Republican People's Party in 1995.
 UkraineSocialist Party of UkraineSPUAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34] Expelled in July 2011.[187]
 United States Democratic Socialists of America DSA Had been a member of SI since founding in 1982, withdrew in August 2017.[188]
Social Democrats, USA[184]SDUSAMember since 1972.[184] Withdrew in 2005.
 UruguayParty for the Government of the PeoplePGPAdmitted as consultative member in 1992.[38] Merged with the Colorado Party in 1994.
Socialist Party of Uruguay[189]PSUAAdmitted as full member in 1999.[33][189] Withdrew in 2017.[190]
 VenezuelaFor Social DemocracyPODEMOSAdmitted as consultative member in 2008.[59]
Movement for Socialism MASAdmitted as consultative member in 2003.[34]
 Zambia Patriotic Front PFAdmitted as consultative member in 2013.[134]
 ZimbabweMovement for Democratic ChangeMDCAdmitted as full member in 2008.[59] Delisted in 2017.

Fraternal organisations

Associated organisations

See also

Notes
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  2. "Finances of the International". Socialist International.
  3. "About Us". Socialist International.
  4. "Presidium". Socialist International.
  5. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 176.
  6. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. xxiv.
  7. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. xxv.
  8. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 302.
  9. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 52.
  10. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 77.
  11. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 177.
  12. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 197.
  13. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 320.
  14. The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of South America, Routledge, 1989
  15. Väänänen, Pentti (2012). Purppuraruusu ja samettinyrkki (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Kellastupa. pp. 192–194. ISBN 9789525787115.
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  20. Bruderzwist unter Sozialisten - Politik - Süddeutsche.de. Sueddeutsche.de. Retrieved on 15 July 2013.
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References

Further reading
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