Foreign relations of Panama

Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations list
Countries with diplomatic relations with Panama

Panama has established diplomatic relations with following countries:[1]

#CountryDate
1 United States13 November 1903
2 France18 November 1903
3 Russia21 November 1903
4 Costa Rica29 December 1903
5 Italy15 January 1904
6 Venezuela3 February 1904
7 Cuba7 April 1904
8 Netherlands10 April 1904
9  Switzerland6 May 1904
10 Spain10 May 1904
11 Portugal21 May 1904
12 Uruguay28 October 1904
13 Japan7 January 1904
14 Honduras18 September 1907
15 Belgium15 February 1908
16 Chile1 March 1908
17 Peru2 March 1908
18 Brazil3 March 1908
19 United Kingdom9 April 1908
20 Ecuador1908
21 El Salvador9 March 1909
22 Argentina5 November 1920
23 Republic of China
 People's Republic of China		2 January 1922–12 June 2017
12 June 2017
24 Mexico29 May 1923
–  Holy See21 September 1923
25 Colombia9 July 1924
26 Guatemala25 January 1937
27 Dominican Republic17 March 1937
28 Sweden3 July 1937
29 Denmark30 July 1937
30 Norway31 July 1937
31 Nicaragua13 December 1938
32 Bolivia28 August 1942
33 Paraguay31 October 1942
34 Haiti11 October 1945
35 Lebanon30 April 1946
– Sovereign Order of Malta2 August 1948
36 Philippines4 July 1946[2]
37 Turkey14 April 1950
38 Germany17 December 1951
39 Serbia26 March 1953
40 Austria18 October 1955
41 Greece17 May 1956
42 Egypt21 February 1958
43 Madagascar20 September 1960[3]
44 Canada11 August 1961
45 India1 July 1962
46 South Korea30 September 1962
47 Jamaica18 August 1966
48 Ethiopia17 August 1967
49 Pakistan7 November 1967
50 Cyprus1 April 1971
51 Romania5 October 1971
52 Bangladesh5 June 1972
53 Algeria9 February 1973
54 Guyana16 March 1973
55 Bulgaria29 March 1973
56 Libya29 March 1973
57 Guinea29 March 1973
58 Poland15 August 1973
59 Philippines28 September 1973
60 Guinea-Bissau16 October 1973
61 Australia20 February 1974
62 Grenada18 November 1974
63 Iran7 January 1975
64 Bahrain27 February 1975
65 Kiribati25 June 1975[3]
66 Hungary5 August 1975
67 Vietnam28 August 1975
68 Syria17 February 1976
69 Finland19 February 1976
70 Malta19 February 1976
71 Sri Lanka8 March 1976
72 Kuwait23 March 1976
73 Iraq8 June 1976
74 Israel18 June 1976
75 Morocco15 February 1977
76 Albania20 August 1978
77 Indonesia27 March 1979
78 Suriname1 May 1979
– Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1 June 1979
79 Equatorial Guinea13 May 1981
80 Belize1 December 1981
81 Myanmar15 July 1982
82 Singapore6 August 1982
83 Thailand20 August 1982
84 Barbados3 March 1983
85   Nepal15 February 1984
86 Luxembourg12 November 1985
87 Senegal27 August 1987
88 Sudan13 September 1988
89 Angola16 February 1989
90 Maldives19 February 1989
91 Ghana24 February 1989
92 Bahamas1 May 1991
93 Lithuania19 November 1992
94 Saint Kitts and Nevis19 November 1992
95 Czechia15 February 1993
96 Moldova15 February 1993
97 Slovakia15 February 1993
98 United Arab Emirates9 March 1993
99 New Zealand22 March 1993
100 Seychelles21 May 1993
101 Ukraine21 May 1993
102 Malaysia24 July 1993
103 Jordan7 February 1994
104 Oman25 February 1994
105 Latvia22 March 1994
106 Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
107 Laos9 September 1994[4]
108 South Africa10 January 1995
109 Estonia13 January 1995
110 Azerbaijan6 April 1995
111 Slovenia10 May 1995
112 Saint Lucia10 July 1995
113 Kazakhstan28 July 1995
114 Cambodia15 February 1996
115 Papua New Guinea5 March 1996
116 Brunei28 March 1996
117 Croatia12 July 1996
118 Andorra16 July 1996
119 Antigua and Barbuda27 September 1996
120 Armenia7 August 1998
121 Belarus22 October 1998
122 Georgia18 November 1998
123 Iceland4 June 1999
124 Nigeria12 February 2001
125 Ireland14 February 2001
126 Qatar8 February 2002
127 North Macedonia18 April 2002
128 NamibiaApril 2002[5]
129 Afghanistan3 May 2002
130 San Marino22 January 2004
131 Bosnia and Herzegovina31 March 2004
132 Benin20 September 2005
133 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines17 July 2006
134 Tunisia15 June 2007
135 Montenegro29 May 2008
136 Yemen29 June 2009[6]
137 Burkina Faso29 July 2009
138 Botswana15 December 2009
139 Djibouti15 December 2009
140 Monaco22 November 2010
141 Cameroon14 August 2011
142 Liechtenstein3 January 2012
143 Mongolia17 January 2012
144 Dominica13 March 2012
145 Palau18 April 2012
146 Solomon Islands11 September 2012
147 Fiji9 November 2012[7]
– Kosovo27 August 2013[8]
148 Saudi Arabia15 January 2015[9]
149 Turkmenistan28 July 2015[10]
150 Ivory Coast29 April 2016[11]
151 Tajikistan26 May 2018[12]
152 Togo28 March 2019[13]
153 Kenya26 September 2019[14]

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina5 November 1920
 Armenia7 August 1998See Armenia–Panama relations
 Belize1 December 1981
  • Belize has an honorary consulate in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Belize City.
 Bolivia28 August 1942
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in La Paz.
 Brazil3 March 1908
 Canada11 August 1961[1]See Canada–Panama relations
 China2 January 1909[1]See China–Panama relations

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the Qing Dynasty in 1909. After the Xinhai Revolution, Panama recognized the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), and has retained diplomatic ties with the ROC. In 2009, after President Ricardo Martinelli took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the People's Republic of China (PRC), but this was rejected by the PRC government based on violation of PRC's viewpoint on the One-China policy. Martinelli reaffirmed its commitment to Taiwan in the diplomatic arena, clearing doubts he could establish official ties with PRC; he also thanked the Taiwanese for cooperation and expressed the hope that cooperation and investments would intensify. "Panama reaffirms its determination to strengthen diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as strengthening trade ties with the People's Republic of China (PRC)," said Foreign Minister Juan Carlos Varela, at a meeting in the Council of Taiwan Affairs.[17] On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).

 Chile1 March 1908
  • Chile has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Santiago and consulate-general in Valparaíso.
 Colombia9 July 1924
 Costa Rica29 December 1903
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Panama City and a consulate in David.
  • Panama has an embassy in San José.
 Cuba7 April 1904
  • Cuba has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominican Republic17 March 1937
  • Dominican Republic has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Ecuador1908
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Quito and a consulate-general in Guayquil.
 El Salvador9 March 1909
  • El Salvador has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in San Salvador.
 France18 November 1903
  • France has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Paris and a consulate-general in Marseille.
 Greece17 May 1956See Greece–Panama relations
 Guatemala25 January 1937
  • Guatemala has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Guatemala City.
 Haiti11 October 1945
  • Haiti has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.
 Honduras18 September 1907
  • Honduras has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Tegucigalpa.
 India1 June 1962[1]See India–Panama relations

Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America.[18]

 Kosovo27 August 2013[8]

Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.[22] Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.[23]

Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City.[24] Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.

 Mexico29 May 1923[1]See Mexico–Panama relations
 Nicaragua13 December 1938
  • Nicaragua has an embassy in Panama City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Managua.
 Paraguay31 October 1942
  • Panama has an embassy in Asunción
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Panama City.
 Peru2 March 1908
  • Panama has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
 Poland15 August 1973
  • Panama has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Panama City.
 Russia21 November 1903[1]See Panama–Russia relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Moscow.[27]
  • Russia has an embassy in Panama city.[28]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1 June 1979[1]See Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the SADR in 1978, during the military rule of Omar Torrijos. [29] Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations are suspended from 20 November 2013.

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2006[1]
 Serbia1953[1]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953.[31]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[32]
 South Africa1995[1]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.[1][33]
  • Panama has an embassy Pretoria.
  • South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.[33]
 South Korea30 September 1962[1]See Panama–South Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on Sep 30, 1962.

  • Panama has an embassy in Seoul.[34]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.[35][36][37]
 Spain10 May 1904[1]See Panama–Spain relations
 Thailand20 August 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982.[1][33]
  • Panama has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[33]
 Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
  • Panama has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Panama City.
 TurkeyApril 14, 1950[40]See Panama–Turkey relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Ankara.[41]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Panama.[42]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 260.9 million USD in 2019 (Panaman exports/imports: 12.1/248.8 million USD).[43]
 United States13 November 1903
3 April 1964[1]		See Panama–United States relations

The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. Cultural ties between the two countries are strong, and many Panamanians go to the United States for higher education and advanced training. In 2007, the U.S. and Panama partnered to launch a regional health worker training center. The center provides training to community healthcare workers in Panama and throughout Central America. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality. There is also a rapidly growing enclave of American retirees in the Chiriqui Province in western Panama.

 Uruguay28 October 1904
  • Panama has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
 Venezuela3 February 1904
  • Panama has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Panama City.

Multilateral relations
Panama
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Panama
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    Minister: Alejandro Ferrer

Panama is a member of the UN General Assembly (and most major UN agencies) and has served three terms in the UN Security Council. In November 2006, it was elected to serve a two-year term on the Security Council, beginning January 1, 2007. It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.

Panama is a member of the Organization of American States and was a founding member of the Rio Group. Although it was suspended from the Latin American Economic System — known informally both as the Group of Eight and the Rio Group — in 1988 due to its internal political system under Manuel Noriega, Panama was readmitted in September, 1994 as an acknowledgment of its present democratic credentials.

Panama is also one of the founding members of the Union of Banana Exporting Countries and belongs to the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. Panama is a member of the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) as well as the Central American Integration System (SICA). Panama joined its six Central American neighbors at the 1994 Summit of the Americas in signing the Alliance for Sustainable Development known as the Conjunta Centroamerica-USA or CONCAUSA to promote sustainable economic development in the region.

Panama is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

See also

References
  1. "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  2. Marcos Diplomacy, Guide to Philippine Bilateral Relations. 1983. Foreign Service Institute, Manila Philippines. Page no. 472
  3. "03. ANEXO" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  4. "List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950" (PDF). MFA of Laos. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  5. "Namibia muestra interés en fortalecer lazos con Panamá". mire.gob.pa (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  6. "Decrees establishing diplomatic relations with Panama, Venezuela". Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  7. "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  8. "Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina" (in Spanish). 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  9. "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Republic of Panama sign agreement on establishment of diplomatic relations". 15 January 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  10. "Turkmenistan, Panama establish diplomatic relations". 28 July 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  11. "Diplomatic Relations Between Cote D'Ivoire and Panama as of 29 Apr. 2016". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  12. "Panama establishes diplomatic relations with Tajikistan". 26 May 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  13. "Relations diplomatiques entre le Togo et le Panama". Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  14. "Panamá establece relaciones con la República de Kenia". La Estrella de Panamá (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  15. Embassy of Canada in Panama City (in English, French and Spanish)
  16. Embassy of Panama in Ottawa (in English and Spanish)
  17. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/05/12/wikileaks-china-rejects-panama-wish-ties/
  18. "India-Panama Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  19. Indian Embassy in Panama
  20. Indian mission in Panama
  21. Panama Embassy in India
  22. Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16
  23. Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina Archived 2016-09-17 at the Wayback Machine, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)
  24. Panama, Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme-Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në. "Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama". Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  25. Embassy of Mexico in Panama City (in Spanish)
  26. Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish) Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  27. "Embassy of Panama in Moscow (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
  28. "Embassy of Russia in Panama City (in Russian and Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  29. "Panamá y la república Saharaui". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
  34. https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=top_sug.pre&fbm=1&acr=1&acq=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98&qdt=0&ie=utf8&query=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C+%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88+%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80
  35. http://pan.mofa.go.kr/worldlanguage/america/pan/main/index.jsp
  36. http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24568.jsp?menu=m_30_30
  37. https://www.premiercasa.com/en/panama/panama-guide/korean-embassy-panama-relations
  38. Embassy of Panama in Madrid (in Spanish)
  39. Embassy of Spain in Panama City (in Spanish)
  40. "Relations between Turkey and Panama".
  41. "Relations between Turkey and Panama".
  42. "Relations between Turkey and Panama".
  43. "Relations between Turkey and Panama".
  44. Embassy of Panama in Washington, DC
  45. "Embassy of the United States in Panama City (in English and Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2019-12-18.

30. Embassy of Japan in Panama

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