List of proxy wars
This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold.
| Part of a series on |
| War |
|---|
A proxy war is defined to be "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".[Dictionary 1]
The United Nations does not wage war (or proxy war): its peacekeeping military actions are instead police actions.[1]
Pre-World War I proxy wars
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
_crowned.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Inter-war period proxy wars
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Cold War proxy wars
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
%253B_Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(1964%E2%80%931966).svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
%253B_Flag_of_Syria_(1963%E2%80%931972).svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Modern proxy wars
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
%253B_Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_(2003%E2%80%932006).svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Ongoing proxy wars
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
Notes
- Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
A The name Kenya Land and Freedom Army is sometimes heard in connection with Mau Mau. KLFA is not simply another name for Mau Mau: it was the name that Dedan Kimathi used for a coordinating body which he tried to set up for Mau Mau. It was also the name of another militant group that sprang up briefly in the spring of 1960; the group was broken up during a brief operation from 26 March to 30 April.[440]
- "proxy war". Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
References
- "SECURITY COUNCIL, RESPONDING TO 'BRAHIMI REPORT,' ADOPTS WIDE-RANGING RESOLUTION ON PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS Press Release SC/6948". MEETINGS COVERAGE AND PRESS RELEASES. United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
- "Venezuela Crisis of 1902". GlobalSecurity.org. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- "Somaliland 1902–1903". The Soldier's Burden. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- "The Finnish Civil War". Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- Tepora, Tuomas (8 December 2014). "Finnish Civil War 1918". 1914-1918-Online. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1 January 1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472108060. Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Google Books.
- Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1 January 1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472108060. Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Google Books.
- Payaslian, Simon (2007), The History of Armenia, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 163, ISBN 978-1-4039-7467-9
- Robert Fisk: The Armenian hero whom Turkey would prefer to forget. The Independent. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- Akçam, Taner (2006), A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility, New York: Henry Holt and Company, pp. 339–342, ISBN 978-0-8050-8665-2
- http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/44/671/8544.pdf
- Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth century. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3.
- According to John R. Ferris, "Decisive Turkish victory in Anatolia... produced Britain's gravest strategic crisis between the 1918 Armistice and Munich, plus a seismic shift in British politics..." Erik Goldstein and Brian McKerche, Power and Stability: British Foreign Policy, 1865–1965, 2004 p. 139
- A. Strahan claimed that: "The internationalisation of Constantinople and the Straits under the aegis of the League of Nations, feasible in 1919, was out of the question after the complete and decisive Turkish victory over the Greeks". A. Strahan, Contemporary Review, 1922.
- Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the World: a Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
- Cummins, Joseph (2009). The War Chronicles, From Flintlocks to Machine Guns: A Global Reference of All the Major Modern Conflicts. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978-1-59233-305-9.
- Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 232–243. ISBN 978-1-59233-471-1.
- "Para la mayoría de las voces, el conflicto entre Bolivia y Paraguay (1932-1935) tuvo su origen en el control del supuesto petróleo que pronto iría a fluír desde el desierto chaqueño en beneficio de la nación victoriosa."Archondo, Rafael, "La Guerra del Chaco: ¿hubo algún titiritero?", Población y Desarrollo, 34: 29
- Abente, Diego. 1988. Constraints and Opportunities: Prospects for Democratization in Paraguay. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs.
- La ayuda argentina al Paraguay en la guerra del Chaco, Todo es Historia magazine, n° 206. julio de 1984, pág. 84 (in Spanish)
- Atkins, G. Pope (1997) Encyclopedia of the Inter-American System. Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 71. ISBN 0313286000
- Mora, Frank o. and Cooney, Jerry Wilson (2007) Paraguay and the United States: Distant Allies. University of Georgia Press, p. 84. ISBN 0820324671
- Hugh Thomas, The Spanish civil war (2001).
- The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (10 November 2014). "Spanish Civil War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- Thomas G.Powell, Mexico and the Spanish Civil War (1981).
- Matthew D. Gallagher, "Leon Blum and the Spanish Civil War." Journal of Contemporary History 6.3 (1971): 56-64.
- Suzanne Pepper, Civil War in China: The Political Struggle 1945–1949 (1999).
- "The Greek Civil War". ahistoryofgreece.com. Matt Barrett. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (18 July 2013). "Greek Civil War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Disselkamp, Rachel. "First Indochina War". The Cold War Museum. The Cold War Museum. Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Llewellyn, Jennifer; Southey, Jim; Thompson, Steve. "The First Indochina War". Alpha History. Alpha History. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Jacques Dalloz (1987). La Guerre d'Indochine 1945–1954. Paris: Seuil. pp. 129–130.
- Jacques Dalloz, La Guerre d'Indochine 1945–1954, Seuil, Paris, 1987, pp. 129–130, 206
- http://www.historycy.org/index.php?showtopic=36539&st=15 (in Polish)
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2016-03-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "East Germany – The National People's Army and the Third World". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Geoffrey Jukes (1 January 1973). The Soviet Union in Asia. University of California Press. pp. 302–. ISBN 978-0-520-02393-2.
- John W. Garver (1 December 2015). China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1.
- A. Dahana (2002). "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign". Universitas Indonesia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013). "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF). Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- Ching Fatt Yong (1997). The origins of Malayan communism. South Seas Society. ISBN 978-9971-936-12-9.
- T. N. Harper; Timothy Norman Harper (9 April 2001). The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00465-7.
- Major James M. Kimbrough IV (6 November 2015). Disengaging From Insurgencies: Insights From History And Implications For Afghanistan. Pickle Partners Publishing. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-78625-345-3.
- "Korean War". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- "The Korean War, 1950–1953". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- "Britain's Forgotten War". BBC News. BBC. 20 April 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- HistoryNet Staff (21 August 2006). "Korean War: British 27th Brigade Take Hill 282". HistoryNet. World History Group, LLC. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- "Romania's "Fraternal Support" to North Korea during the Korean War, 1950–1953". Wilson Center. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- English, June; Jones, Thomas (September 2003) [1998]. Encyclopedia of the United States At War. Scholastic Inc. pp. 148–159. ISBN 978-0-439-59229-1.
- "Českoslovenští lékaři stáli v korejské válce na straně KLDR. Jejich mise stále vyvolává otazníky" (in Czech). Czech Radio. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- Alliston, Michael; et al. (27 May 2015). "HMS Belfast". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Hempel, William; Jenks, George; Peelgrane, Tanish (29 March 2012). "Denmark – Navy – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Young Sam Ma. "Israel's Role in the UN during the Korean War" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- "Looking For United Nations – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Swick, Kjerstin; et al. (17 March 2005). "Norway – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Laura Desfor Edles (28 May 1998). Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy after Franco. Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-521-62885-3.
- Niederschmidt, Robert; et al. (30 March 2011). "Sweden – Korean War". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Maeder, Thomas (26 December 2007). "Switzerland – Korean War Truce". koreanwar.org. Korean War Project. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- "Vietnam War History". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- Cummins, Joseph (2009). The War Chronicles, From Flintlocks to Machine Guns: A Global Reference of All the Major Modern Conflicts. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 362–377. ISBN 978-1-59233-305-9.
- Cummins, Joseph (2011). History's Greatest Wars: The Epic Conflicts that Shaped the Modern World. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press. pp. 272–281. ISBN 978-1-59233-471-1.
- Hart-Davis, Adam (2010). History: The Definitive Visual Guide. New York, New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited. pp. 430–431. ISBN 978-0-7566-7456-4.
- English, June; Jones, Thomas (September 2003) [1998]. Encyclopedia of the United States at War. New York, New York: Scholastic Inc. pp. 162–177. ISBN 978-0-439-59229-1.
- Friedman, Herbert. "Allies of the Republic of Vietnam". psywarrior.com. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- "BBC: North Korea fought in Vietnam War". BBC World Service. 2000-03-31. – Sokáig Vietnam és a KNDK is tagadta, hogy észak-koreaiak részt vettek volna a háborúban, de 2000-ben végül a vietnami vezetés megerősítette a korábbi feltevéseket (bár a pontos észak-koerai létszámadatok és az áldozatok száma továbbra sem ismert).
- Bilinsky, Yaroslav (2004). "Communist Bloc". Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, Inc. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- The Cuban Military Under Castro, 1989. Page 76
- Cuba in the World, 1979. Page 66
- "Why did Sweden support the Viet Cong?". HistoryNet. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- "Sweden announces support to Viet Cong". HISTORY.com. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
In Sweden, Foreign Minister Torsten Nilsson reveals that Sweden has been providing assistance to the Viet Cong, including some $550,000 worth of medical supplies. Similar Swedish aid was to go to Cambodian and Laotian civilians affected by the Indochinese fighting. This support was primarily humanitarian in nature and included no military aid.
- John Pike. "Sudan Civil War". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- Acig.org. "Sudan, Civil War since 1955".
- Johnson, Douglas (2011). The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars: Peace Or Truce. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-1-84701-029-2.
- Leach, Justin (2012). War and Politics in Sudan: Cultural Identities and the Challenges of the Peace Process. I.B.Tauris. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-78076-227-2.
- "Suez Crisis". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- "Глава 8. От Народного восстания до Культурной революции (часть 2) » Сохраним Тибет! - Тибет, Далай-лама, буддизм". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Deliveries of weapons, intelligence
- Military instructors, supply of weapons, ammunition and food, intelligence
- Training camp of rebels in the country, fighting between the rebels and the PLA on the Nepal-Tibet border
- См. Резолюция Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН 1353, 1723, 2079
- "Guatemala Civil War, 1960–1996". GlobalSecurity.org. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- The Kashmir Question: Retrospect and Prospect, 2013. Page 121.
- The Giant’s Rival: The USSR and Latin America, Revised Edition, 1988. Page 143.
- "Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America"
- "Mexico, the key of the development of the guerrilla movement in Latin America". Elsiglodetorreon.com.mx. Elsiglodetorreon.com.mx. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- "Welcome to acig.org". www.acig.org.
- "The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Warfare: Principles, Practices, and..." Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- "Our work in Nicaragua". Swedish International Development Corporation Agency (www.sida.se). 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-04-18.
- "Sandinistas Find Economic Ally In Socialist Sweden". philly-archives. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- Castro's America Department: Coordinating Cuba's Support for Marxist-Leninist Violence in the Americas. 1988. Page 36
- China and the Third World: Champion Or Challenger?, 1986. Page 151
- Uppsala Conflict Data Program conflict Encyclopedia, El Salvador, In Depth, Negotiating a settlement to the conflict, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=51®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas# Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, "...US government increased the security support to prevent a similar thing to happen in El Salvador. This was, not least, demonstrated in the delivery of security aid to El Salvador", viewed on May 24, 2013
- Hunter, Jane (1987). Israeli foreign policy: South Africa and Central America. Part II: Israel and Central America – Guatemala. pp. 111–137.
- Schirmer, 1996; pg 172
- Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2007). The Congo, From Leopold to Kabila: A People's History (3rd ed.). New York: Palgrave. p. 101. ISBN 9781842770535.
- Nugent, Paul (2004). Africa since Independence: A Comparative History. New York: Palgrave-MacMillan. p. 97. ISBN 9780333682739.
- The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation,[95] but none of these officially recognised either state.[96]
- Rodrigues, Samuel (20 April 2012). "The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew its Government". Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- Chirambo, Reuben (2004). ""Operation Bwezani": The Army, Political Change, and Dr Banda's Hegemony in Malawi" (PDF). Nordic Journal of African Studies. 13 (2). Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- Vanly, I. C. (1992). "The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon". In Kreyenbroek, P. G.; Sperl, S. (eds.). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. Routledge. pp. 151–2. ISBN 978-0-415-07265-6.
- Michael G. Lortz. "(Chapter 1, Introduction). The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga" (PDF). pp. 39–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
- Fauriol, Georges A; Loser, Eva (1990). Cuba: the international dimension. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-88738-324-3.
- The maverick state: Gaddafi and the New World Order, 1996. Page 71.
- Connell, Dan; Killion, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-5952-4.
- Schoultz, Lars (2009). That infernal little Cuban republic: the United States and the Cuban Revolution. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3260-8.
- Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. Page 492
- Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict of Asian and African Studies, 1975. Page 97.
- Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning, 1998. Page 110
- Eritrea – liberation or capitulation, 1978. Page 103
- Politics and liberation: the Eritrean struggle, 1961–86 : an analysis of the political development of the Eritrean liberation struggle 1961–86 by help of a theoretical framework developed for analysing armed national liberation movements, 1987. Page 170
- Tunisia, a Country Study, 1979. Page 220.
- African Freedom Annual, 1978. Page 109
- Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years, 2006. page 318.
- Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 2010. page 460
- Spencer C. Tucker, A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, 2009. page 2402
- The Pillage of Sustainablility in Eritrea, 1600s–1990s: Rural Communities and the Creeping Shadows of Hegemony, 1998. Page 82.
- Connell, Dan (March 2005). Building a New Nation: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1983–2002). Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-1-56902-199-6.
- "Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1993". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- "A Little Help from Some Friends". Time. 1978-10-16. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- "F-15 Fight: Who Won What". Time. 1978-05-29. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- "Communism, African-Style". Time. 1983-07-04. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- "Ethiopia Red Star Over the Horn of Africa". Time. 1986-08-04. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- "Ethiopia a Forgotten War Rages On". Time. 1985-12-23. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- Keneally, Thomas (1987-09-27). "In Eritrea". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- Foreign Intervention in Africa: From the Cold War to the War on Terror, 2013. Page 158.
- Chinese and African Perspectives on China in Africa 2009, Page 93
- Ethiopia and the United States: History, Diplomacy, and Analysis, 2009. page 84.
- Michael Brecher and Jonathan Wilkenfel. A Study of Crisis: p324-5. University of Michigan Press. 1997. "The four actors in the first phase of the long Yemen War were Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen"
- Sandler, Stanley. Ground Warfare: The International Encyclopedia. Vol.1 (2002): p.977. "Egypt immediately began sending military supplies and troops to assist the Republicans... On the royalist side Jordan and Saudi Arabia were furnishing military aid, and Britain lent diplomatic support. In addition to the Egyptian aid, the Soviet Union allegedly supplied 24 Mig-19s to the republicans."
- "The Dhofar Rebellion". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- Cheah Boon Kheng, p.149
- Hara, Fujiol (December 2005). "The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic of China". The Developing Economies. XLIII (1): 489–513. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x.
- Fowler, Will (2006). Britain's Secret War: The Indonesian Confrontation 1962–66. London: Osprey Publishing. pp. 11, 41. ISBN 978-1-84603-048-2.
- Ottaway, David (1970). Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 166. ISBN 9780520016552.
- Kriger, Norma J. (May 2003). Guerrilla Veterans in Post-war Zimbabwe: Symbolic and Violent Politics, 1980–1987. Cambridge University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-521-81823-0.
- Doebler, Walter (22 July 2006). "Afrikaserie: Simbabwe (Africa Series: Zimbabwe)". newsatelier.de (in German). Ottersweier. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- From liberation movement to government: ZANU and the formulation of the foreign policy of Zimbabwe, 1990. Page 284
- Thomas, Scott (December 1995). The Diplomacy of Liberation: the Foreign Relations of the ANC Since 1960 (First ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-85043-993-6.
- Lawrence Greenberg (November 1986). "US Army Unilateral and Coalition Operations in the 1965 Dominican Republic Intervention" (PDF). US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- Lawrence Yates (July 1988). "Power Pack:U.S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic 1965–1966" (PDF). Lawrence Papers. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- "Communist Insurgency In Thailand" (PDF). CIA Report. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- "Anatomy of a Counterinsurgency Victory" (PDF). January 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- A. Navaratnam, pp.3–5
- "Thailand" (PDF). Stanford University. 19 June 2005. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- Cuba Annual Report: 1986, 1986. Page 538-539.
- Land Mines in Angola, 1993. Page 6.
- The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Warfare:
Principles, Practices, and Regional Comparisons, 1988. Page 140-147 - Namibia: the road to self-government, 1979. Page 41.
- The foreign policy of Yugoslavia, 1973–1980, 1980. Page 125
- Yugoslavia in the 1980s, 1985. Page 265.
- Interparliamentary Union Conference, Sofia, Bulgaria: Report of the United States Delegation to the 64th Conference of the Interparliamentary Union, Held at Sofia, Bulgaria, 21–30 September 1977. Page 42
- Record of Proceedings -International Labour Conference 6, 1982. Page 4.
- Tanzania: A Political Economy, 2013. Page 355.
- SWAPO and the struggle for national self-determination in Namibia, 1980. Page 33.
- "Rhodesian Insurgency – Part 2". Rhodesia.nl. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982, 1988. Page 70.
- SWAPO Information Bulletin, 1983. Page 37.
- AAPSO Presidium Committee on Africa held in Algeria, 17–18 February 1985, 1985. Page 26.
- David A. Granger. "Forbes Burnham and the Liberation of Southern Africa" (PDF). Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- Fryxell, Cole. To Be Born a Nation. p. 13.
- Biafra Revisited, 2006. Page 5.
- Nigeria Since Independence: The First Twenty-five Years : International Relations, 1980. Page 204
- Genocide and the Europeans, 2010. Page 71.
- There's A Riot Going On: Revolutionaries, Rock Stars, and the Rise and Fall of '60s Counter-Culture, 2007. Page 213.
- The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars 1945–1980, 1986. Page 91
- Malcolm MacDonald: Bringing an End to Empire, 1995. Page 416.
- Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria, 2001. Page 54.
- Africa 1960–1970: Chronicle and Analysis, 2009. Page 423
- Leszek Buszynski (13 September 2013). Soviet Foreign Policy and Southeast Asia (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-134-48085-2.
- Nazar bin Talib, pp.16–22
- Chin Peng, pp.479–80
- NIE report
- A Navaratnam, p. 10
- A. Navaratnam, p.10
- "AfricanCrisis". AfricanCrisis. Archived from the original on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
- W. Martin James III (2011).
- Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges; Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice (1986). The Crisis in Zaire. pp. 193–194.
- Vines (1999), pp. 103–104.
- Vines (1999), p. 106.
- Never Ending Wars, 2005, p. 24.
- AlʻAmin Mazrui, Ali (1977). The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa. p. 228.
- Wright, George (1997). The Destruction of a Nation: United States Policy Towards Angola Since 1945. p. 110.
- "IN ERITREA". The New York Times. 27 September 1987. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Germany, SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg. ""Wir haben euch Waffen und Brot geschickt" – DER SPIEGEL 10/1980". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "История Кубы". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Argelia acusa la derrota de Angola". ABC (in Spanish): 41. 1976-02-07. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- (apakabar@clark.net), apakabar@clark.net. "[INDONESIA-L] GJA – Pro-East Timor (r)". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Berman, Eric G.; Sams, Katie E. (2000). Peacekeeping In Africa : Capabilities And Culpabilities. Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. ISBN 978-92-9045-133-4. Berman and Sams cite the lower number.
- A Little Help from His Friends Time, 04/25/1977, Vol. 109 Issue 17, p.57
- War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, pp.104-115
- Times, Sanjoy Hazarika, Special To The New York (11 June 1989). "Bangladeshi Insurgents Say India Is Supporting Them". Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via NYTimes.com.
- A. Kabir. "Bangladesh: A Critical Review of the Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT) Peace Accord". Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- Acheson-Brown, Daniel G. (2001). "The Tanzanian Invasion of Uganda: A Just War?" (PDF). International Third World Studies Journal and Review. 12: 1–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- "Idi Amin and Military Rule". Country Study: Uganda. Library of Congress. December 1990. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
By mid-March 1979, about 2,000 Libyan troops and several hundred Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) fighters had joined in the fight to save Amin's regime
- Geoffrey Leslie Simons, Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57
- Pike, John. "Libyan Intervention in Chad, 1980-Mid-1987". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Geoffrey Leslie Simons, Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57–58
- Barbara Crossette (7 March 1989). "India to Provide Aid to Government in Afghanistan". New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Dijk, Ruud van; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremi; Zhai, Qiang (13 May 2013). Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135923112. Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Google Books.
- Goodson, P. L. (2001). Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of ... pp. 147, 165. ISBN 9780295980508.
- Barlett, Donald L.; Steele, James B. (May 13, 2003). "The Oily Americans". Time. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
- "Interview with Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski-(13/6/97)". Archived from the original on 2000-08-29. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
- Wilson, Peter (2003). Wars, proxy-wars and terrorism: post independent India. Mittal Publications, 2003. ISBN 978-81-7099-890-7.
- ""Reagan Doctrine, 1985," United States State Department". State.gov. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
- Interview with Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski – (June 13, 1997). Part 2. Episode 17. Good Guys, Bad Guys. June 13, 1997.
- Corera, Gordon (2011). MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2833-5.
- Frederick Starr, S. (2004-03-15). Shichor. pp157–158. ISBN 9780765631923. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
- Crile, George (2003). Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-854-5.
- "Saudi Arabia and the Future of Afghanistan". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
- Renz, Michael (October 6, 2012). "Operation Sommerregen". Die Welt (in German) (40). Die Welt. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- Michael Pohly, Krieg und Widerstand in Afghanistan (in German), p. 154
- "Use of toxins and other lethal agents in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan" (PDF). CIA. 2 February 1982. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- Inken Wiese. "Das Engagement der arabischen Staaten in Afghanistan" (in German). Retrieved 2016-03-18.
- Conrad Schetter, Ethnizität und ethnische Konflikte in Afghanistan (in German), p. 430
- "The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Somalia SOMALIA'S DIFFICULT DECADE, 1980–90 – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Indira Gandhi helped train Tamil rebels, and reaped whirlwind – Firstpost". 23 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Indira Gandhi asked Margaret Thatcher to stop helping Sri Lanka against LTTE". Indian Express.
- "Defeating Terrorism – Why the Tamil Tigers Lost Eelam...And How Sri Lanka Won the War – JINSA Online". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Kaplan, Robert. Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power. Random House Publishing.
- Starr, S. Frederick (15 March 2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765631923. Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Google Books.
- Aldrich, Richard J. (21 April 2002). "America used Islamists to arm the Bosnian Muslims". Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via The Guardian.
- "Iran in the Balkans: A History and a Forecast". Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "BBC News - Europe - Fighting for a foreign land". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Smith, Helena (4 January 2003). "Greece faces shame of role in Serb massacre". Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via The Guardian.
- Zerkalo Nedeli (28 February 2002). "Paper critical of Western call on Ukraine to stop selling arms to Macedonia". Free Republic. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- Carlotta Gall (23 July 2001). "Rebels Secure a Base in Macedonian Town". New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- Taras Kuzio (31 October 2001). "UKRAINE FORGES MILITARY ALLIANCE WITH MACEDONIA". The Jamestown. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2010-06-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Jonson, Lena (2006-08-25). Tajikistan in the New Central Asia. ISBN 9781845112936. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- Inside Al Qaeda: global network of terror, by Rohan Gunaratna, pg. 169
- Political Construction Sites: Nation-building in Russia and the Post-Soviet States, page 77
- Duke, Lynne (20 May 1997). "Congo Begins Process of Rebuilding Nation". The Washington Post. p. A10.
Guerrillas of Angola's former rebel movement UNITA, long supported by Mobutu in an unsuccessful war against Angola's government, also fought for Mobutu against Kabila's forces.
- Scholl-Latour, S. 105
- Johnson, S. 76
- Scholl-Latour, S. 109
- Duke, Lynne (15 April 1997). "Passive Protest Stops Zaire's Capital Cold". The Washington Post. p. A14.
Kabila's forces – which are indeed backed by Rwanda, Angola, Uganda and Burundi, diplomats say – are slowly advancing toward the capital from the eastern half of the country, where they have captured all the regions that produce Zaire's diamonds, gold, copper and cobalt.
- "Rebels, Backed by Angola, Take Brazzaville and Oil Port". New York Times. 16 October 1997. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
- "Republic of Congo (Brazzaville): Information on the human rights situation and the Ninja militia". Resource Information Center. 14 November 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- "Subject: CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE: Background on militia groups 1999.2.17". University of Pennsylvania. 17 February 1999. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- "Angola aids Congo to corral Unita". Mail Guardian. 17 October 1997. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- "Conflict Transformation, Guinea-Bassau, The Military Crisis in Guinea-Bassau, Terhi Lehtinen" (PDF). Conflicttransform.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2014-10-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Conflict Transformation, Guinea-Bassau, The Military Crisis in Guinea-Bassau, Terhi Lehtinen
- Olarinmoye, Omobolaji. "Civil War in Guinea-Bissau: June 1998- May 1999". Retrieved 10 December 2016. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - "Cote d'Ivoire, since 2002". Acig.org. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- "Cote d'Ivoire, since 2002". Acig.com. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- "Australia grants Lebanese Army helicopter parts". The Daily Star. February 2, 2016.
- "UK, Canada Sign Partnership Agreement to Help Lebanese Army". Naharnet. March 2, 2016.
- Agency, National News. "Bassil thanks Cypriot counterpart for contribution to Lebanese Army". National News Agency.
- "Lebanon is the only country that defeated Islamic State, declared Czech FM". Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- "Saudis give $1bn to Lebanon amid fighting - Middle East". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
- Joseph A. Kechichian Senior Writer. "Aid packages reaffirm importance of Lebanese army". GulfNews. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- "Italy donates spare equipment, parts to Lebanese Army". Lebanese Examiner. 2015-02-14. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- "Jordan sends military aid to Lebanon: Army". Al-Ahram. February 24, 2015.
- "Dutch support for Lebanon in the fight against armed extremism". 2014-10-03. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- "China, S.Korea, Jordan offer to help equip Lebanese Army". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
- "Spain pledges to help Lebanon over Syria crisis". Daily Star Lebanon. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- "Turkey Willing to Provide $1.1 Million Military Aid to Lebanon". Naharnet. February 20, 2016.
- "The British watchtowers beating back jihadists". The Daily Telegraph. London. 30 November 2014.
- "Islamic State crisis: UK gives £20m to keep Lebanon safe". BBC. 1 December 2014.
- "Report: Clashes between Palestinian Group, Nusra Front in Bekaa". Naharnet. 22 October 2014.
- "Reports of Amal Movement sending fighters to Syria". Syria Direct. May 11, 2015.
- "The SSNP 'Hurricane' in the Syrian Conflict: Syria and South Lebanon Are the Same Battlefield". Al Akhbar. February 3, 2014. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
- "Double displacement: Palestinians flee violence in Syria, then Lebanon". The Electronic Intifada. September 3, 2015.
- "Gunfight in Sidon between Assir and local rivals wounds five". The Daily Star. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- "7 Palestinians wounded in Lebanon camp clashes". Ma'an News Agency. May 14, 2014.
- "Palestinian commander shot dead in refugee camp". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. January 28, 2016.
- Kullab, Samya. "Jabal Mohsen leaderless and exposed, locals say". The Daily Star.
- Engel, Andrew (May 21, 2012). "Syria's crisis reaches Beirut". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
- "Syrian air strikes kill three near Lebanese border". Reuters. 2014-02-28. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- "Hezbollah says gets support, not orders, from Iran". Reuters. 7 February 2012.
- "Russia Is Arming Hezbollah, Say Two of the Group's Field Commanders". The Daily Beast. January 11, 2016.
- "Lebanese communist fighters gear up to battle ISIL". Al-Jazeera. 20 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- "Renewed fighting in Lebanon Palestinian refugee camp kills one". Reuters. April 2, 2016.
- "Fattah colonel killed in Lebanon's largest refugee camp". Al Arabiya. July 25, 2015.
- "China Affirms Support for Myanmar On Rakhine Issue". The Irrawaddy. 27 September 2017.
- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-burma-sell-arms-rohingya-muslims-military-junta-violence-massacre-deaths-flee-a7932126.html
- https://www.timesofisrael.com/amid-uproar-israel-halts-arms-sales-to-myanmar-report/
- Reuters. "Myanmar working with China, Russia, to avoid UN rebuke over persecution of Muslims". Business Insider.
- https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/myanmars-stalled-peace-process-steps-china
- Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 274–289. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
- B Raman (25 January 2003). "Iraq's shadow on Balochistan". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 23 April 2005. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- false flag Mark Perry | foreignpolicy.com| 13 January 2012
- Aryan, Hossein. "Iran Offers Short-Term Solutions To Long-Term Problems Of Baluch Minority – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty 2010". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- "Iranian group makes kidnap claim – Middle East". Al Jazeera. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- Siddique, Abubakar. "Jundallah: Profile Of A Sunni Extremist Group – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty 2010". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- Karsh, Efraim: The Cautious Bear: Soviet Military Engagement in Middle East Wars in the Post-1967 Era
- "Remembering the past: Bangladeshi fighters for Palestine of the 1980s". Opinion Maker. Archived from the original on 2015-06-17. Retrieved 2015-06-17.
- Pollack, Kenneth, M., Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, University of Nebraska Press, (2002), pp. 93–94, 96.
- Lewan, Kenneth M. (July 1975). "How West Germany Helped to Build Israel". Journal of Palestine Studies. 4 (4): 41–64. doi:10.2307/2535601.
- "Recent UN vote not a shift in Canada's 'steadfast' support for Israel: Trudeau". Global News. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140504044558/http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/37466.html. Archived from the original on 2014-05-04. Retrieved 2020-02-15. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - Tahhan, Zena. "Egypt-Israel relations 'at highest level' in history". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- Reed 2010, p. 37.
- Han, Enze (August 31, 2010). External Kin, Ethnic Identity and the Politics of Ethnic Mobilization in the People's Republic of China (Doctor of Philosophy). The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University. pp. 113–114.
- "Philippines-CPP/NPA (1969 – first combat deaths)". August 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- Ivan Molloy (1985). "Revolution in the Philippines – The Question of an Alliance Between Islam and Communism". Asian Survey. 25 (8): 822–833. doi:10.2307/2644112. JSTOR 2644112.
- AYROSO, DEE (25 June 2015). "Revolutionary Moro group calls for intensified armed struggle". Bulatlat.com#sthash.OtUynEX8.dpuf. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- Karlos Manlupig. "Mamasapano: Sleepy town roused by SAF-MILF clash". Rappler. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- Tan, Andrew T/H. (2009). A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 230, 238. ISBN 978-1-84720-718-0.
- Isak Svensson (27 November 2014). International Mediation Bias and Peacemaking: Taking Sides in Civil Wars. Routledge. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-135-10544-0.
- "Philippines (New Peoples Army) (1972– )" (PDF). Political Economy Research Institute. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- "Libyan terrorism: the case against Gaddafi". thefreelibrary.com.
- "WikiLeaks cable: Gaddafi funded, trained CPP-NPA rebels". Wikileaks. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- "Khadafy admits aiding Muslim seccesionists". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 August 1986. p. 2.
- Paul J. Smith (21 September 2004). Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 194–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3626-3.
- William Larousse (1 January 2001). A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines : 1965–2000. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. pp. 151 & 162. ISBN 978-88-7652-879-8.
- Michelle Ann Miller (2012). Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 291–. ISBN 978-981-4379-97-7.
- "Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)". Accessed 10 February 2014.
- "World Tribune.com-Front Page: Report: North Korea armed Islamic group in Philippines" Archived 2014-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 10 February 2014.
- "1990 Global Terrorism: State-Sponsored Terrorism". fas.org.
- "Justice and Peace group airs concern vs Alsa Masa smear campaign". Minda2010.timonera.com. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- "New People's Army". Stanford University. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- "57. Angola/Cabinda (1975–present)". University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- "Война на чужбине". Вечерка. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- "RUMORED FRENCH AID TO CABINDA LIBERATION MOVEMENT". Wikileaks. 25 October 1974. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- "Cabinda". Wikileaks. January 16, 1976. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- "CSIS Africa Notes" (PDF). CSIS. June 1992. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- Edward C. O'Dowd (16 April 2007). Chinese Military Strategy in the Third Indochina War: The Last Maoist War. Routledge. pp. 186–. ISBN 978-1-134-12268-4.
- "Global Politician". Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Laos' controversial exile". BBC News. 2007-06-11.
- Faucompret, Erik; Konings, Jozef (2008). Turkish Accession to the EU: Satisfying the Copenhagen Criteria. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-203-92896-7.
The Turkish establishment considered the Kurds' demand for the recognition of their identity a threat to the territorial integrity of the state, the more so because the PKK was supported by countries hostile to Turkey: Soviet Union, Greece, Cyprus, Iran and especially Syria. Syria hosted the organization and its leader for twenty years, and it provided training facilities in the Beka'a Valley of Syrian-controlled northern Lebanon.
- Shapir, Yiftah (1998). The Middle East Military Balance, 1996. Jerusalem, Israel: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-231-10892-8.
The PKK was originally established as a Marxist party, with ties to the Soviet Union
- "III. International Sources of Support". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- Bal, İdris (2004). Turkish Foreign Policy In Post Cold War Era. Boca Raton, Fl.: BrownWalker Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-1-58112-423-1.
With the explicit supports of some Arab countries for the PKK such as Syria...
- Mannes, Aaron (2004). Profiles In Terror: The Guide To Middle East Terrorist Organizations. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-7425-3525-1.
PKK has had substantial operations in northern Iraq, with the support of Iran and Syria.
- "Ocalan: Greeks supplied Kurdish rebels". BBC News. 2 June 1999. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
- "Turkey says Greece supports PKK". Hürriyet Daily News. 1 July 1999. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
- Phillips, David L. (2009). From Bullets to Ballots: Violent Muslim Movements in Transition. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4128-1201-6.
Iran's Revolutionary Guards (Pasdaran) trained the PKK in Lebanon's Beka'a Valley. Iran supported the PKK despite Turkey's strict neutrality during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988).
- "Syria and Iran 'backing Kurdish terrorist group', says Turkey". The Telegraph. 3 September 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
- "Terrorism Havens: Iraq". Council on Foreign Relations. December 1, 2005. Archived from the original on September 28, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- Ciment, James (2015), World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, Routledge, p. 721,
Other groups that have received Libyan support include the Turkish PKK...
- "Tupac amaru Revolutionary Movement: Growing Threat to US interests in Peru" (PDF). CIA.gov. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- Taylor, Rob (27 March 2007). "Australia risks Papua conflict role -- activists". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- Rollo, Stuart (28 October 2013). "Ending our pragmatic complicity in West Papua". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- Pearson, Elaine (5 November 2016). "Australia should go to Papua and see the human rights situation for itself". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- "Pakistan and the Naxalite Movement in India". Stratfor. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018.
- "A crackdown in Tamil Nadu". Frontline. 20 December 2002.
- "Maoists in India enjoying regular support from Pakistan and China". Business Standard. 2 September 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- "Maoists building weapons factories in India with help from North Korea". India Today. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- "The Naxalites: India's Extreme Left-Wing Communists" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 26 October 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2018.
- "The Naxalites: India's Extreme Left-Wing Communists" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 26 October 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2018.
- "Philippine reds export armed struggle" Archived 14 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Atimes.com. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- "'Bangla Maoists involved in plan to target PM'". The Sunday Guardian. 9 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- Stewart-Ingersoll, Robert (2012). Regional Powers and Security Orders. Routledge. p. 240.
- "Angola: Information on an anti-government group called Frente Liberaccion d'Enclave Cabinda (FLEC)". Refworld. 1 November 1995. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- Benson, Brett V. (2012). Constructing International Security: Alliances, Deterrence, and Moral Hazard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9781107027244.
Russia was widely viewed as supporting the Armenian position. Much of this perception stemmed from the fact that Russia transferred military support to Armenia during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
- "Turkish PM: Supporting Armenia, Russia jeopardizes Azerbaijan's territorial integrity". 15 February 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Strategic impact" (4). Bucharest: Romanian National Defence University "Carol I" Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies. 2010: 35. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21.
Greece supported Armenia both by delivering military and economic assistance and diplomatic representation by promoting the Armenia's interests in the EU and NATO.
Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2013-06-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "'Pakistan will continue supporting Azerbaijan on Nagorno-Karabakh'". Daily Times. 14 March 2015. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016.
- Hunter, Shireen (2004). "Russia and the Transcaucasus: The Impact of the Islamic Factor". Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security. M.E. Sharpe. p. 349.
Aliev thanked Pakistan for its support in the Karabakh conflict.
- Holding, APA Information Agency, APA. "Ambassador: Kyrgyzstan supports political solution to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "'Nagorno-Karabakh is Turkey's problem too,' says Erdoğan". Today's Zaman. 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
...Erdoğan noted that Turkey's unconditional support for Azerbaijan...
- Özden Zeynep Oktav (2013). Turkey in the 21st Century: Quest for a New Foreign Policy. Ashgate Publishing. p. 126. ISBN 9781409476559.
...Turkey's support for Azerbaijan in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh...
- Flanagan, Stephen J.; Brannen, Samuel (2008). Turkey's Shifting Dynamics: Implications for U.S.-Turkey Relations. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. p. 17. ISBN 9780892065363.
Turkey's border with Armenia has remained sealed since 1994, due to Turkish support for Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
- Murinson, Alexander (October 2014). "The Ties Between Israel and Azerbaijan" (PDF). Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 110. Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2014.
Israel supported the Azeri side in this conflict by supplying Stinger missiles to Azerbaijani troops during the war.
- Dekmejian, Richard Hrair; Simonian, Hovann H. (2003). Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region. p. 125. ISBN 9781860649226.
In addition to commercial links, Israel has given strong backing to Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, which reportedly has included military assistance.
- "Wayback Machine" (PDF). 3 November 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2014. Cite uses generic title (help)
- Azadian, Edmond Y. (1999). History on the Move: Views, Interviews and Essays on Armenian Issues. Wayne State University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780814329160.
But as subsequent events evolved it became all too apparent that Ukraine has steadfastly stood behind Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict all along. ...it was reported from Stepanakert that Ukraine had shipped 40 tanks to Azerbaijan. Later that number was raised to 59. Ukraine had also supplied Azerbaijan with Mig-21 attack places.
- Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
- Gall, Carlotta (2007-01-21). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
- "Hizb-ul-Mujahideen". Institute For Conflict Management.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-01-16. Retrieved 2015-08-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Security Crisis As Uganda Faces ADF Insurgency". 18 March 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
- Wikileaks Cable: Government Demands Action Against Ugandan Rebels In Congo. Embassy Kampala (Uganda): Wikileaks. 2007-04-03. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
- "ADF-NALU's Lost Rebellion" (PDF). 19 December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
- "Sudan, two rebel factions discuss ways to hold peace talks on Darfur conflict". Sudan Tribune. 5 June 2016.
- "Darfur Peace Agreement - Doha draft" (PDF). Sudan Tribune.
- "Al Bashir threatens to 'disarm Darfur rebels' in South Sudan". Radio Dabanga. 29 April 2015.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQbSEifJvb4 Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era
- (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-13/uganda-signals-diplomatic-breakthrough-with-sudan-over-rebels)
- "Series of explosions at weapons cache rock town in West Kordofan". Sudan Tribune. 6 June 2016.
- "La Nacion Article". Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- "FARC-EPP links". Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- "The Paraguayan People's Army:A new rebel group or simple bandits?" (PDF). Friedrich Albert Stiftung. February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- "SOMALIA: Somalia finally pledges support to Saudi-led coalition in Yemen – Raxanreeb Online". RBC Radio. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- Whitlock, Craig (17 March 2015). "Pentagon loses track of $500 million in weapons, equipment given to Yemen". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- "UN report: UAE, Saudi using Eritrean land, sea, airspace and, possibly, Eritrean troops in Yemen battle".
- Loveluck, Louisa (11 September 2015). "Britain 'fuelling war in Yemen' through arms sales, says charity". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- Borger, Julian (5 June 2015). "Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- McDowall, Angus (3 May 2015). "Saudi-led coalition probably used cluster bombs in Yemen: HRW". Reuters U.S. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015.
- "Senegal to support Yemen campaign". BBC News. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015.
- "Saudi-led strikes target Houthi positions on border with Yemen". france24.com. Reuters. 6 May 2015. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015.
- "Canadian rifles may have fallen into Yemen rebel hands, likely via Saudi Arabia". CBC. 22 Feb 2016.
- "Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Husi terörüne karşı Yemen'e destek verdi". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Iranian support seen crucial for Yemen's Houthis". Reuters. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- "North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf". The Huffington Post. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces.
- "Yemen accuses Russia of supplying weapons to Houthi rebels". Ukraine Today. 6 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- "Syrian regime coordinates military training with Yemeni Houthis". ARA News. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- "Patrick Cockburn on U.S. Plans to Arm Syrian Rebels: Where is the Skepticism About Chemical Weapons?". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "'The Cold War never ended...Syria is a Russian-American conflict' says Bashar al-Assad". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- Patrick Cockburn on U.S. Plans to Arm Syrian Rebels: Where is the Skepticism About Chemical Weapons? (mp4). Democracy Now!. June 14, 2013. Event occurs at 15:20. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
:JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And the concerns in some circles that this is really developing into a proxy war with Iran and Hezbollah, rather than actually trying to deal with the situation internally within Syria? :PATRICK COCKBURN: Yeah, it already has turned into a proxy war. You can see that with—Hezbollah and Iran were involved, but also the U.S. was—had already combined with Qatar to send weapons. Qatar has sent up to $3 billion to the rebels, 70 loads of flights of weapons, organized by—with the CIA. - "Resurgent Russia takes on tenacious Turkey". Al Jazeera. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
- Richard Galpin (10 January 2012). "Russian arms shipments bolster Syria's embattled Assad". BBC News. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- "Russian military presence in Syria poses challenge to US-led intervention". The Guardian, 23 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- "Vladimir Putin confirms Russian military involvement in Syria's civil war". Telegraph.co.uk. 4 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- "China enters fray in Syria on Bashar al-Assad's side". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "An der Seite Putins: China unterstützt Russland in Syrien-Krieg". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Report: Iran, North Korea Helping Syria Resume Building Missiles". Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- Ryall, Julian (6 June 2013). "Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- "North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report". The Telegraph. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
- "Top Cuban general, key forces in Syria to aid Assad, Russia, sources say". 14 October 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Paragga, Mariana. "Exclusive: Venezuela ships fuel to war-torn Syria: traders". Reuters. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- Parraga, Mariana. "Venezuela to ship more fuel to Syria as crackdown spreads". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- Solomon, Jay. "To power Syria, Chavez sends diesel". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- "Chavez slams West, expresses support for Syria". Press TV. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- "Chavez supports Syrian President Bashar al-Assad". Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- "After the Arab Spring: Algeria's standing in a new world".
- "Gewalt in Syrien: Russische Waffen für Assads Truppen". Retrieved 10 December 2016 – via Sueddeutsche.de.
- "Report: Syrian regime being aided from 12 countries". Foreign Policy.
- "Egypt sends Assad secret arms aid, including missiles, with Russian funding". debka.com.
- "Egypt voices support for Russia's moves in Syria". Reuters. 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
- "Peshmarga Meets YPG to Protect Kurdish Border Areas". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Саакашвілі повідомив про участь грузинських офіцерів на боці України в АТО". 2014-12-02. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Які іноземці воюють проти Путіна на Донбасі". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "На боці терористів воюють французи, італійці, бразильці - Міноборони". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Хорватия признала, что ее добровольцы воюют на востоке Украины". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "Я приїхав в Україну, щоб воювати за ... Репортаж ВВС щодо іноземців у зоні АТО". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- "The foreigners who flocked to join the fight – in Ukraine". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Госпогранслужба: среди террористов есть абхазцы (in Russian). LB.ua. 28 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- "How Belarusians are fighting in Ukraine (in Russian)". Rosbalt.ru. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- Egypt acts as middleman for Russia-Libya arms deal. In: Al-Monitor, 10. Februar 2015.
- Ltd, Allied Newspapers. "Libya needs international maritime force to help stop illicit oil, weapons – UN experts". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Kirkpatrick, David D; Schmitt, Eric (25 August 2014). "Egypt and United Arab Emirates Said to Have Secretly Carried Out Libya Airstrikes". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
- "Egypt prepared to take lead in ensuring stability in Libya". Libya Herald. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
- Arab Nations Strike in Libya, Surprising U.S. In: New York Times, 25. August 2014.
- "Libya's Haftar pledges to take imminent control of Benghazi and Tripoli". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Youssef, Kate Brannen|Nancy A. (14 November 2015). "Exclusive: U.S. Targets ISIS in Libya Airstrike". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- "Libyen: Französische Elitesoldaten machen Jagd auf IS-Kämpfer". Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- Ahmad Ghallab: Saudi Arabia reiterates full support for Libya. In: Al-Monitor, 17. November 2014.
- Patrick Haimzadeh: Libyen – der zweite Bürgerkrieg. In: Le Monde diplomatique, 10. April 2015.
- Libya accuses Sudan of arming rebels. In: Al-Jazeera
- "Rival Libyan Factions Travel to Kiev and Moscow Seeking Support". 6 February 2015.
- Turkey’s war in Libya. In: Al-Monitor
- Nissimi, Hilda (2006). "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya". Journal of Military and Strategic Studies. 8 (3): 11. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012..
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.