Loudoun County, Virginia

Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is located in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2019, the population was estimated at 413,538,[4] making it Virginia's third-most populous county. Loudoun County's seat is Leesburg.[5] Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

"Loudoun County" redirects here. For the county in Tennessee, see Loudon County, Tennessee.

Loudoun County
County
Loudoun County
Loudoun County Courthouse and Confederate monument at Leesburg, 2010
Flag
Seal
Motto(s): 
"I Byde My Time"[1]
Location within the U.S. state of Virginia
Virginia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°05′N 77°38′W
Country United States
State Virginia
Founded1757
Named forJohn Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun[2]
SeatLeesburg
Largest townLeesburg
Area
 • Total522 sq mi (1,350 km2)
 • Land516 sq mi (1,340 km2)
 • Water6 sq mi (20 km2)  1.1%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total312,311
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
413,538
 • Density600/sq mi (230/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district10th
Websitewww.loudoun.gov

As of 2018, Loudoun County had a median household income of $136,268.[6] Since 2008, the county has been ranked first in the U.S. in median household income among jurisdictions with a population of 65,000 or more.[7]

History

Loudoun County was established in 1757 from Fairfax County. The county is named for John Campbell, Fourth Earl of Loudoun and governor general of Virginia from 1756 to 1759.[2] Western settlement began in the 1720s and 1730s with Quakers, Scots-Irish, Germans and others moving south from Pennsylvania and Maryland, and also by English and enslaved Africans moving upriver from Tidewater.

William and Sarah Nettle House, Waterford, Loudoun County

By the time of the American Revolution, it was Virginia's most populous county. It was also rich in agriculture, and the county's contributions of grain to George Washington's Continental Army earned it the nickname "Breadbasket of the Revolution."[8]

During the War of 1812, important Federal documents and government archives were evacuated from Washington and stored at Leesburg. [9] Local tradition holds that these documents were stored at Rokeby House.[10]

U.S. president James Monroe treated Oak Hill Plantation as a primary residence from 1823 until his death on July 4, 1831.[11] The Loudoun County coat of arms and flag, granted by the English College of Arms, memorialize the special relationship between Britain and the United States that developed through his Monroe Doctrine.

Early in the American Civil War, the Battle of Balls Bluff took place near Leesburg on October 21, 1861. Future jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. was critically wounded in that battle along the Potomac River. During the Gettysburg Campaign in June 1863, Confederate major general J.E.B. Stuart and Union cavalry clashed in the battles of Aldie, Middleburg, and Upperville. Confederate partisan John S. Mosby based his operations in Loudoun and adjoining Fauquier County (for a more in-depth account of the history of Loudoun County during the Civil War, see Loudoun County in the American Civil War).

During World War I, Loudoun County was a major Breadbasket for supplying provisions to soldiers in Europe. Loudoun farmers implemented new agricultural innovations such as vaccination of livestock, seed inoculations and ensilage. The county experienced a boom in agricultural output, outputting an annual wheat output of 1.04 million bushels in 1917, the largest of any county in Virginia that year. 1.2 million units of home produce were produced at home, much of which went to training sites across the state such as Camp Lee. The Smith–Lever Act of 1914 established increased agricultural education in Virginia counties, increasing agricultural yields. After the war, a plaque was dedicated to the "30 glorious dead" from the county who died in the Great War. Five of the thirty died on the front, while the other twenty five died while in training or in other locations inside the United States.[12]

In 1962, Washington Dulles International Airport was built in southeastern Loudoun County in Sterling. Since then, Loudoun County has experienced a high-tech boom and rapid growth. Accordingly, many have moved to eastern Loudoun and become residents of planned communities such as Sterling Park, Sugarland Run, Cascades, and Ashburn Farm, making that section a veritable part of the Washington suburbs. Others have moved to the county seat or to the small towns and rural communities of the Loudoun Valley.[8]

Government and politics
The scenic byways of Loudoun County are spotted with historical structures predating the American Civil War.

The county's official motto, I Byde My Time, is borrowed from the coat of arms of the Earl of Loudoun.[1][13]

In the mid to late 20th century, as northerners gradually migrated to Southern suburbs, Loudoun County increasingly shifted to the Republican Party in supporting presidential candidates, and more local ones. Before the 2008 election of Barack Obama, county voters had not supported a Democratic president since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.

In recent years, the county's rapid growth in its eastern portion, settled by educated professionals working in or near Washington, D.C., has changed the demographics of the county, and the Democratic Party has become increasingly competitive. After giving Senator Barack Obama nearly 54% of its presidential vote in 2008, the county supported Republican Bob McDonnell in 2009, who received 61% of the gubernatorial vote. Voters also replaced two incumbent Democratic delegates, making Loudoun's state House delegation all Republican. In 2012 county voters again supported Obama, who took 51.5% of the vote, with Republican challenger Mitt Romney garnering 47%.[14]

Democrats carried the county again in the 2016 presidential election, when Loudoun swung heavily towards Hillary Clinton, giving her 55.1% to Trump's 38.2%. In 2020, Joe Biden won over 60 percent of the vote.[15]

Presidential election results
Presidential election results[16]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 36.5% 82,088 61.5% 138,372 1.4% 4,402
2016 38.2% 69,949 55.1% 100,795 6.7% 12,296
2012 47.0% 75,292 51.5% 82,479 1.4% 2,289
2008 45.4% 63,336 53.7% 74,845 0.9% 1,278
2004 55.7% 60,382 43.6% 47,271 0.7% 777
2000 56.1% 42,453 40.9% 30,938 3.0% 2,262
1996 52.1% 25,715 40.4% 19,942 7.4% 3,673
1992 46.4% 19,290 34.8% 14,462 18.8% 7,822
1988 66.3% 20,448 32.7% 10,101 1.0% 313
1984 68.0% 17,765 31.5% 8,227 0.5% 136
1980 58.9% 12,076 32.7% 6,694 8.4% 1,722
1976 51.8% 9,192 45.0% 7,995 3.2% 561
1972 69.5% 9,417 29.1% 3,941 1.5% 199
1968 45.9% 4,577 32.7% 3,262 21.3% 2,131
1964 37.7% 2,594 62.2% 4,278 0.1% 5
1960 51.0% 2,526 48.4% 2,399 0.6% 29
1956 53.4% 2,489 42.0% 1,960 4.5% 211
1952 54.8% 2,540 44.8% 2,075 0.3% 15
1948 44.0% 1,430 47.6% 1,545 8.3% 270
1944 45.0% 1,485 54.7% 1,802 0.2% 7
1940 32.8% 1,061 66.7% 2,156 0.4% 14
1936 27.4% 867 72.3% 2,287 0.2% 8
1932 19.5% 600 79.4% 2,440 1.0% 31
1928 40.8% 1,325 59.0% 1,915 0.1% 4
1924 7.4% 152 88.3% 1,794 4.1% 85
1920 30.2% 757 68.6% 1,720 1.1% 29
1916 21.0% 404 77.5% 1,490 1.4% 28
1912 14.4% 256 78.3% 1,386 7.1% 126
1908 21.3% 447 75.0% 1,570 3.5% 75
1904 21.3% 442 75.1% 1,558 3.4% 72
1900 37.4% 1,684 59.7% 2,690 2.7% 125
1896 41.1% 1,991 56.6% 2,741 2.1% 105
1892 37.3% 1,738 58.3% 2,719 4.2% 200
1888 43.0% 2,190 55.8% 2,842 1.1% 58
1884 41.2% 1,978 58.2% 2,795 0.5% 26
1880 39.2% 1,792 60.8% 2,780

County board of supervisors

Like many counties in Virginia, Loudoun is locally governed by a board of supervisors, the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors. The chairman of the board is elected by county voters at-large while the remaining supervisors are elected from eight single-member districts roughly equal in population. All nine members serve concurrent terms of four years. The board handles policy issues and sets the budget; it appoints a county administrator to handle the county government's day-to-day operations.[17] As of the 2015 elections, the chairman of the board and two district supervisors are Democrats; the remaining six supervisors are Republican.[18]

The 2003 board, and other officials in Loudoun, was the subject of a federal investigation of possible corruption relating to a land deal involving the Royal Saudi Academy.[19]

In November 2007, voters removed four incumbent, fiscally conservative Republicans from the board of supervisors in a backlash over rapid development in the county's eastern portion. The board's make-up after the election was five Democrats, two Republicans, and two Independents.[20]

In November 2011, Republicans were elected to all nine seats on the board.[21] In 2015 three were replaced by Democrats.[22]

On September 6, 2015, Broad Run supervisor Shawn M. Williams resigned after his arrest for assault.[23]

In November 2017, voters replaced three of the four Republican state delegates with Democrats, leaving only a sole Republican delegate representing the county in Richmond.

In November 2019, Democrats took over the Board of Supervisors. Voters elected Juli E. Briskman (D) in Algonkian District, with 6,763 votes (54.09%) replacing incumbent Suzanne M. Volpe (R) who polled 5,719 votes (45.74%). Juli Briskman had been fired from her job as a marketing analyst for a United States government and military subcontractor, after an AFP photo of her flipping off the motorcade of Donald Trump went viral on social media in 2017. [24]

County Board of Supervisors
Name Party First Election District
Phyllis J. Randall, Chairman Democratic 2015 At-Large
  Juli E. Briskman Democratic 2019 Algonkian
  Michael R. “Mike” Turner Democratic 2019 Ashburn
  Tony R. Buffington, Jr. Republican 2015 Blue Ridge
  Sylvia Russell Glass. Democratic 2019 Broad Run
  Caleb A. Kershner Republican 2019 Catoctin
  Matthew F. Letourneau Republican 2011 Dulles
Kristen C. Umstattd Democratic 2015 Leesburg
Koran T. Saines Democratic 2015 Sterling
Constitutional Officers
Position Name Party First Election
  Sheriff Mike Chapman Republican 2011
  Commonwealth's Attorney Buta Biberaj Democratic 2019
  Clerk of Circuit Court Gary Clemens Republican 1999
Delegates
Name Party First Election District
Wendy Gooditis Democratic 2017 10
David A. Reid Democratic 2017 32
Dave A. LaRock Republican 2013 33
Kathleen Murphy Democratic 2015 34
Karrie Delaney Democratic 2017 67
Ibraheem Samirah Democratic 2019 86
Suhas Subramanyam Democratic 2019 87
Senators
Name Party First Election District
John J. Bell Democratic 2019 13
Jill Holtzman Vogel Republican 2007 27
Barbara A. Favola Democratic 2011 31
Jennifer B. Boysko Democratic 2019 33

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Loudoun County has a total area of 521 square miles (1,350 km2), of which 516 square miles (1,340 km2) is land and 6 square miles (16 km2) (1.1%) is water.[25] It is bounded on the north by the Potomac River; across the river are Frederick, Washington and Montgomery counties in Maryland; it is bounded on the south by Prince William and Fauquier counties, on the west by watershed of the Blue Ridge Mountain across which are Jefferson County, West Virginia and Clarke County, and on the east by Fairfax County. The Bull Run Mountains and Catoctin Mountain bisect the county. To the west of the range is the Loudoun Valley. Bisecting the Loudoun Valley from Hillsboro to the Potomac River is Short Hill Mountain.

Street addresses

Block numbers in the unincorporated areas of Loudoun County, with the exception of older Sterling Park and the community of CountrySide, are assigned in the following manner: on north–south streets, block numbers increase from north to south and range from 10000 to 27000; on east–west streets, block numbers increase from west to east and range from 30000 to 48000.[26]

Adjacent counties

National protected area

Economy

Traditionally a rural county, Loudoun's population has grown dramatically since the 1980s. Having undergone heavy suburbanization since 1990, Loudoun has a full-fledged service economy. It is home to world headquarters for several Internet-related and high tech companies, including Verizon Business, Telos Corporation, Orbital Sciences Corporation, and Paxfire. Like Fairfax County's Dulles Corridor, Loudoun County has economically benefited from the existence of Washington Dulles International Airport, the majority of which is in the county along its border with Fairfax.[27][28]

Loudoun County retains a strong rural economy. The equine industry has an estimated revenue of $78 million. It is home to the Morven Park International Equestrian Center which hosts national horse trials. In addition, a growing wine industry has produced several internationally recognized wines. Loudoun now has 40 wineries[29] and over 25 active farms. Loudoun has rich soil and was in the mid-19th century a top wheat-producing county in the fourth largest wheat-producing state.[30]

MCI, Inc. (formerly WorldCom), a subsidiary of Verizon Communications, is headquartered in Ashburn, Loudoun County. It announced it would move its headquarters to Ashburn in 2003.[31][32] AOL had its headquarters at 22000 AOL Way in Dulles in unincorporated Loudoun County.[33] In 2007 AOL announced it would move its headquarters from Loudoun County to New York City; it would continue to operate its Virginia offices.[34] Orbital Sciences Corporation has its headquarters in Dulles.[35]

Loudoun County houses over 60 massive data centers, with many housing the cloud operations of Amazon Web Services (AWS).[36] These data centers are estimated to carry 70 percent of global web traffic.[37]

Before its dissolution, Independence Air (originally Atlantic Coast Airlines) was headquartered in Dulles.[38][39] At one time Atlantic Coast Airlines had its headquarters in Sterling.[40] Before its dissolution, MAXjet Airways was headquartered on the grounds of Washington-Dulles International Airport.[41]

Top employers

According to the county's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[42] the top employers in the county are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Loudoun County Public Schools 10,098
2 County of Loudoun 3,303
3 M.C. Dean, Inc. 1,000–5,000
4 Verizon Business 1,000–5,000
5 U.S. Department of Homeland Security 1,000–5,000
6 Orbital ATK 1,000–5,000
7 United Airlines 1,000–5,000
8 AOL 1,000–5,000
9 INOVA Loudoun Hospital 1,000–5,000
10 United States Postal Service 1,000–5,000

Demographics

From 1890 to 1940, the county had a decline in population as people moved to cities for more opportunities. The decline was likely highest among African Americans, who had worked in an agricultural economy that was becoming increasingly mechanized. During the first half of the 20th century, African Americans moved out of rural areas to cities in the Great Migration. In the early 21st century, they are a small minority within the county.

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
179018,962—
180020,5238.2%
181021,3384.0%
182022,7026.4%
183021,939−3.4%
184020,431−6.9%
185022,0798.1%
186021,774−1.4%
187020,929−3.9%
188023,63412.9%
189023,274−1.5%
190021,948−5.7%
191021,167−3.6%
192020,577−2.8%
193019,852−3.5%
194020,2912.2%
195021,1474.2%
196024,54916.1%
197037,15051.3%
198057,42754.6%
199086,12950.0%
2000169,59996.9%
2010312,31184.1%
2019 (est.)413,538[4]32.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[43]
1790-1960[44] 1900-1990[45]
1990-2000[46]

As of the census of 2010,[47] there were 312,311 people, 104,583 households, and 80,494 families residing in the county. The population density was 606 people per square mile (234/km2). There were 109,442 housing units at an average density of 212 per square mile (82/km2). The racial makeup of the county was:

According to the 2010 census, 10.5% of residents reported being of German ancestry, while 9.1% reported Irish, 7.7% English, 5.4% Italian and 5.2% American ancestry.

As of 2000 there were 59,900 households, out of which 43.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were married couples living together, 7.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.80% were non-families. 18.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.80% under the age of 18, 5.70% from 18 to 24, 38.90% from 25 to 44, 20.00% from 45 to 64, and 5.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.50 males.

In 2011, Census survey data concluded that Loudoun County had the highest median income in the country at $119,134.[7]

From 1980 to 2014, deaths from cancer in Loudoun County decreased by 46 percent, the largest such decrease of any county in the United States.[48]

From 2017 to 2018, Loudoun County saw an increase of 18.5% of households experiencing homelessness, a 21% increase for single adults, and a 36% increase for families. Homelessness for veterans in the county decreased by 16% from 2017 to 2018.[49]

Government and infrastructure

The National Transportation Safety Board operates the Ashburn Aviation Field Office in Ashburn, an unincorporated area of Loudoun County.[50]

Emergency services are provided by the Loudoun County Fire and Rescue Department with the Office of Emergency Management. LCFR is a combination system that utilizes some 500 volunteers and over 600 career firefighters, EMT/paramedics,dispatchers, and support staff. LCFR is one of the largest fire and rescue systems in Virginia.

Law enforcement in Loudoun County is served by the Loudoun County Sheriff's Office, as well as three town police departments: Leesburg Police, Purcellville Police, and Middleburg Police.

The Loudoun County Public Library System has eleven[51] branches in the county. The library's Outreach Department of the Loudoun County Public Library is a resource for those who cannot easily access branch services. The public library system has won many awards, and came in 10th place for libraries serving a comparably sized population in 2006 Hennen's American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR).

Transportation

Airports

Loudoun County has two airports: the Washington Dulles International and Leesburg Executive.

Bus

Loudoun County operates its own bus public transit system, known as Loudoun County Commuter Bus.

Rail

The Silver Line of the Washington Metro, will extend into Loudoun County. The on-going extension will include stations at the Dulles International Airport, and two stations in Ashburn, Virginia.

Major highways

Education

The county is served by Loudoun County Public Schools (LCPS). LCPS serves over 70,000 students from Kindergarten through 12th grade and is Virginia's fifth largest school system.[52][53] Loudoun County schools recently ranked 11th in the United States in terms of educational achievement versus funds spent.[54] Loudoun County also sends students to its Loudoun Academy of Science, formerly housed within Dominion High School now within the Academies of Loudoun,[55] and is eligible to send students to Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, a STEM magnet school in Alexandria, Virginia.[56]

Loudoun County is home to ten private schools: Loudoun Country Day School, a Pre-K–8 independent school in Leesburg; Notre Dame Academy, an independent non-denominational day high school in Middleburg; the Foxcroft School, a boarding school for girls located in Middleburg; Dominion Academy, a Non-denominational Christian school, K–8 in Leesburg; Loudoun Classical School, a Protestant classical 7th-12th grade school in Purcellville;[57] Leesburg Christian School, a K–12 school in Leesburg; St. Theresa School, a K–8 Roman Catholic school in Ashburn; Village Montessori School at Bluemont, an accredited Pre-K through Elementary Montessori school in Bluemont; Christian Faith & Fellowship School, a PreK–12 non-denominational Christian school and Loudoun County's only private school accredited by the Association of Christian Schools International; and Loudoun School for Advanced Studies (formerly the Ideal Schools High School,) an independent non-denominational school in Ashburn.

In terms of post-secondary education, Loudoun County is home to a variety of colleges and universities, including: Patrick Henry College; a branch of Northern Virginia Community College in Sterling; George Washington University (satellite campus); George Mason University (satellite campus); Marymount University (satellite campus); Shenandoah University (satellite campus); and Strayer University (satellite campus).[58] Loudoun is also home to a satellite campus of the Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and the Janelia Farm Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Communities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on 2018 estimates by the United States Census Bureau.[59]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2018 est.)
1 † Leesburg Town 52,125
2 Ashburn CDP 50,290
3 South Riding CDP 31,071
4 Sterling CDP 30,403
5 Brambleton CDP 20,081
6 Broadlands CDP 13,704
7 Stone Ridge CDP 12,990
8 Landsowne CDP 12,696
9 Sugarland Run CDP 12,576
10 Cascades CDP 11,670
11 Lowes Island CDP 11,111
12 Countryside CDP 10,042
13 Purcellville Town 9,709
14 Belmont CDP 6,629
15 Dulles Town Center CDP 5,023
16 University Center CDP 4,060
16 Lovettsville Town 2,544
17 Oak Grove CDP 2,468
18 Moorefield Station CDP 1,369
19 Arcola CDP 963
20 Round Hill Town 693
21 Middleburg Town 620
22 Hamilton Town 537
23 Hillsboro Town 175

Notable people

James Monroe constructed and resided at Oak Hill near Aldie after his presidency. American Civil War Brigadier General Robert H. Chilton (Chief of Staff under Robert E. Lee) was a native of Loudoun County. World War II general George C. Marshall resided at Dodona Manor in Leesburg. Essayist and journalist Russell Baker grew up in Morrisonville, Virginia and his book Growing Up highlights his childhood in rural Virginia. Entertainer Arthur Godfrey lived near historic Waterford, Virginia. Loudoun County is also the birthplace of Julia Neale Jackson, mother of Stonewall Jackson,[60] and Susan Catherine Koerner Wright, mother of the Wright Brothers.[61]

See also

References
  1. Rosalind S. Helderman, Proud Past, Bright Future Rub Elbows in Today's Loudoun, Washington Post (April 21, 2005), page LZ03.
  2. "About Loudoun - History". Loudoun County. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  3. "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2018". Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  4. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  5. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?q=Loudoun%20County,%20Virginia&g=0500000US51107&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05
  7. "LOUDOUN COUNTY INCOME HIGHLIGHTS, AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY, 2011 ACS UPDATE". Loudoun County Department of Planning. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  8. "Loudoun History". Loudoun_Museum. Archived from the original on March 24, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
  9. "Leesburg Virginia". ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION.
  10. "Rokeby House Becomes Nation's Capital". Connection Newspapers. July 22, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  11. An Account of James Monroe's Land Holdings, by Christopher Fennell. Chapter V. Oak Hill Plantation, Loudoun County. Accessed November 18, 2016.
  12. Rainville, Lynn. Virginia and the Great War : mobilization, supply and combat, 1914-1919. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, inc., Publishers. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4766-7192-5.
  13. Coat of Arms, Loudoun County.
  14. . November 11, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121111134156/http://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2016%20November%20General/Site/Locality/LOUDOUN%20COUNTY/President%20and%20Vice%20President.html. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. . November 11, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121111134156/http://electionresults.virginia.gov/ResultsExport.aspx?rid=3545232527424045364&osn=0&pty=&name=President%20and%20Vice%20President&cat=CTY. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  17. "Loudoun County Board of Supervisors Operations Manual". Loudoun.gov. Archived from the original on July 13, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  18. "UPDATED: Unofficial Loudoun 2015 election results, voter turnout". Loudountimes.com. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  19. Laris, Michael; Somashekhar, Sandhya (February 7, 2007). "Loudoun Land Deals Subject of U.S. Probe". The Washington Post.
  20. Somashekhar, Sandhya (November 7, 2007). "Slow-Growth Board Candidates Win". The Washington Post.
  21. Smith, Dusty (November 9, 2011). "Loudoun Goes Red, Big Time". Ashburn Patch.
  22. "Virginia election results 2015". WTOP News. November 4, 2015. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  23. "Loudoun County Supervisor Charged with Assault After Dispute". Washington Post. September 6, 2015.
  24. "Woman who was fired for flipping off Trump wins election in Virginia". CBS News. November 7, 2019.
  25. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  26. Loudoun County Code Chapter 1026: Addressing of Premises
  27. "Loudoun Domestic Tourism Worth Nearly $1.7 Billion - Loudoun County Economic Development, VA". Loudoun County Economic Development, VA. September 13, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  28. "Another Record Year at Dulles International Airport - Loudoun County Economic Development, VA". Loudoun County Economic Development, VA. February 26, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  29. "Loudon Is DC's Wine Country". Loudoun Convention and Visitors Association (Visit Loudoun). Archived from the original on May 29, 2013.
  30. "Early 19th-Century Milling and Wheat Farming". The History of Loudoun County, Virginia. Since its settlement in the mid-1700s, Loudoun County has been acclaimed for its fertile soil. In the 1850s and 1860s, Virginia was the fourth largest wheat producing state, and Loudoun was one of the state's top-producing counties.
  31. MCI Inc (March 14, 2003). "Schedule 13D. Amendment to General Statement of Beneficial Ownership". Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  32. Reuters news agency (April 14, 2003). "WorldCom to emerge from collapse". CNN (international ed.). Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  33. "Company Overview". AOL. February 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
  34. Goldfarb, Zachary; Diaz, Sam (September 18, 2007). "AOL Moving Executives, Headquarters to New York". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
  35. "Contact Information". Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  36. "Amazon Plans Epic Data Center Expansion in Northern Virginia". Data Center Frontier. November 6, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  37. "70 Percent of the World's Web Traffic Flows Through Loudoun County | Washingtonian (DC)". Washingtonian. September 14, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  38. "Company Information". Atlantic Coast Airlines. August 11, 2001. Archived from the original on August 11, 2001. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  39. "Independence Air, Inc". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  40. "SKEEN, K. B.", Standard & Poor's Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives, Standard & Poor's Corp., 2: 1012, 1998, retrieved January 31, 2011, Atlantic Coast Airlines Inc., One Export Dr., Sterling, VA 20164
  41. "Contact Us". MAXjet Airways. February 18, 2007. Archived from the original on July 18, 2006. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
  42. "Comprehensive Annual Fiscal Report" (PDF). County of Loudoun, Virginia. December 22, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 29, 2014.
  43. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  44. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  45. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  46. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  47. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  48. Barry-Jester, Anna Maria. "How Americans Die May Depend On Where They Live". FiveThirtyEight. December 13, 2016.
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