Fairfax County, Virginia

Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Part of Northern Virginia, Fairfax County borders both the City of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is thus predominantly suburban in character, with some urban and rural pockets.

This article is about the county. For the city with the same name, see Fairfax, Virginia. For other uses, see Fairfax (disambiguation).

Fairfax County
County
County of Fairfax
Mount Vernon mansion
Flag
Seal
Logo
Location within the U.S. state of Virginia
Virginia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°50′N 77°17′W
Country United States
State Virginia
FoundedJune 19, 1742
Named forThomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron
SeatFairfax (independent city)1
Largest townHerndon
Area
 • Total406 sq mi (1,050 km2)
 • Land391 sq mi (1,010 km2)
 • Water15 sq mi (40 km2)  3.8%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total1,081,726
 • Estimate 
(2019)
1,147,532
 • Density2,700/sq mi (1,000/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts8th, 10th, 11th
Websitewww.fairfaxcounty.gov
1 Administrative and court offices are located in unincorporated areas in Fairfax County

As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,081,726.[1] In 2019, it was estimated at 1,147,532,[2] making it the Commonwealth's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of Virginia's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is Fairfax, although because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County.[3]

Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the second-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the United States after neighboring Loudoun County.[4][5]

The county is home to the headquarters of intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and National Reconnaissance Office, as well as the National Counterterrorism Center and Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The county is also home to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three with Falls Church addresses; although Falls Church is its own independent municipality.[6]

History
Piney Branch Mill, southeast of Fairfax city, Historic American Buildings Survey
CIA headquarters in Langley

At the time of first European encounter, the inhabitants of what would become Fairfax County were an Algonquian-speaking sub-group called the Taux, also known as the Doeg or Dogue. Their villages, as recorded by Captain John Smith in 1608, included Namassingakent and Nemaroughquand on the south bank of the Potomac River in what is now Fairfax County.[7] Virginian colonists from the Northern Neck region drove the Doeg out of this area and into Maryland by 1670.

Fairfax County was formed in 1742 from the northern part of Prince William County. It was named after Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1693–1781), proprietor of the Northern Neck.[8][9] The Fairfax family name is derived from the Old English phrase for "blond hair" – Fæger-feax.

The oldest settlements in Fairfax County were along the Potomac River. George Washington settled in Fairfax County and built his home, Mount Vernon, facing the river. Gunston Hall, the home of George Mason is nearby. Modern Fort Belvoir is partly on the estate of Belvoir Manor, built along the Potomac by William Fairfax in 1741.

Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, the only member of the British nobility ever to reside in the colonies, lived at Belvoir before he moved to the Shenandoah Valley. The Belvoir mansion and several of its outbuildings were destroyed by fire immediately after the Revolutionary War in 1783, and George Washington noted the plantation complex deteriorated into ruins.

In 1757, the northwestern two-thirds of Fairfax County became Loudoun County. In 1789, part of Fairfax County was ceded to the federal government to form Alexandria County of the District of Columbia. Alexandria County was returned to Virginia in 1846, reduced in size by the secession of the independent city of Alexandria in 1870, and renamed Arlington County in 1920. The Fairfax County town of Falls Church became an independent city in 1948.[10] The Fairfax County town of Fairfax became an independent city in 1961.[11]

Battles on Bull Run, near Manassas, on the line of Fairfax & Prince William Counties, in Virginia, fought between the forces of the Confederate States and of the United States of America : Gene'ls. Beauregard and Johnston commanding the Confederate and Genl. McDowell, the United States forces, on the 21st of July, 1861, from 7 a.m.-9 p.m[12]

Located near Washington, D.C., Fairfax County was an important region in the Civil War. The Battle of Chantilly or Ox Hill, during the same campaign as the second Battle of Bull Run, was fought within the county; Bull Run is the border between Fairfax and Prince William Counties. Other areas of activity included Minor's Hill, Munson's Hill, and Upton's Hill, on the county's eastern border, overlooking Washington, D.C.

The federal government's growth during and after World War II spurred rapid growth in the county and made the county increasingly suburban. Other large businesses continued to settle in Fairfax County and the opening of Tysons Corner Center spurred the rise of Tysons Corner. The technology boom and a steady government-driven economy also created rapid growth and an increasingly growing and diverse population. The economy has also made Fairfax County one of the nation's wealthiest counties.[13]

A general aviation airport located along U.S. Route 50, west of Seven Corners called the Falls Church Airpark operated in the county from 1948 to 1960. The facility's 2,650 foot unpaved runway was used extensively by private pilots and civil defense officials. Residential development, multiple accidents, and the demand for retail space led to its closure in 1960.[14][15][16]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 406 square miles (1,050 km2), of which 391 square miles (1,010 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (3.8%) is water.[17]

Fairfax County is bounded on the north and southeast by the Potomac River. Across the river to the northeast is Washington, D.C., across the river to the north is Montgomery County, Maryland, and across the river to the southeast are Prince George's County, Maryland and Charles County, Maryland. The county is partially bounded on the north and east by Arlington County and the independent cities of Alexandria and Falls Church. It is bounded on the west by Loudoun County, and on the south by Prince William County.

Most of the county lies in the Piedmont region, with rolling hills and deep stream valleys such as Difficult Run and its tributaries. West of Route 28, the hills give way to a flat, gentle valley which stretches west to the Bull Run Mountains in Loudoun County. Elevations in the county range from near sea level along the tidal sections of the Potomac River in the southeast portion of the county to more than 500 feet (150 m) in the Tysons Corner area.

Adjacent jurisdictions

Geology

The Piedmont hills in the central county are made up of ancient metamorphic rocks such as schist, the roots of several ancestral ranges of the Appalachians. The western valley is floored with more recent shale and sandstone. This geology is similar to adjacent bands of rocks in Maryland and further south in Virginia along the eastern front of the Appalachians.

An area of 11 square miles (30 km2) of the county is known to be underlain with natural asbestos.[18] Much of the asbestos is known to emanate from fibrous tremolite or actinolite. The threat was discovered in 1987, prompting the county to establish laws to monitor air quality at construction sites, control soil taken from affected areas, and require freshly developed sites to lay 6 inches (150 mm) of clean, stable material over the ground.[19][20]

For instance, during the construction of Centreville High School a large amount of asbestos-laden soil was removed and then trucked to Vienna for the construction of the I-66/Nutley Street interchange. Fill dirt then had to be trucked in to make the site level. Marine clays can be found in widespread areas of the county east of Interstate 95, mostly in the Lee and Mount Vernon districts. These clays contribute to soil instability, leading to significant construction challenges for builders.[21]

Government and politics

Fairfax County uses the urban county executive form of government, which county voters approved in a 1966 referendum.[22][23]

Under the urban county executive plan, the county is governed by the 10-member Fairfax County Board of Supervisors with the day-to-day running of the county tasked to the appointed Fairfax County executive.

Nine of the board members are elected from the single-member districts of Braddock, Dranesville, Hunter Mill, Lee, Mason, Mount Vernon, Providence, Springfield, and Sully, while the chairman is elected at-large.

In addition to the Board of Supervisors, three constitutional officers; the Commonwealth's attorney, clerk of the Circuit Court and sheriff, as well as the 12 members of the Fairfax County School Board, are directly elected by the voters of Fairfax County.

The Fairfax County Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax in an unincorporated area.[24] Fairfax County contains an exclave unincorporated area in the central business district of the City of Fairfax, in which many county facilities (including the courthouses and jail) are located.[25][26]

Fairfax County was once considered a Republican bastion. However, in recent years Democrats have made significant inroads, gaining control of the Board of Supervisors and the School Board (officially nonpartisan) as well as the offices of sheriff and Commonwealth attorney. Democrats also hold all of the Fairfax seats in the Virginia House of Delegates and every seat in the Senate.

Fairfax County encompasses portions of three congressional districts, the 8th District, the 10th District, and the 11th District. Democrats represent all three districts with Jennifer Wexton representing the 10th District, Don Beyer representing the 8th District, and Gerry Connolly representing the 11th District.

Communities closer to Washington, D.C., generally favor Democrats by a larger margin than outlying communities. In elections in 2000, 2001, and 2005, Fairfax County supported Democrats for U.S. Senate and governor. In 2004, Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry won the county, becoming the first Democrat to do so since Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1964 landslide (the last time Democrats carried the state until 2008). Kerry defeated George W. Bush in the county 53% to 46%.

Democratic gubernatorial candidate Tim Kaine carried Fairfax County with over 60% of the vote in 2005, helping him to win 51.7% of votes statewide. In 2006, U.S. Senate candidate Jim Webb (D) carried the county with 58.9% of the votes, while winning the statewide election.

In the state and local elections of November 2007, Fairfax Democrats picked up one seat in the House of Delegates, two seats in the Senate, and one seat on the Board of Supervisors, making their majority there 8–2.

On November 4, 2008, Fairfax County continued its shift towards the Democrats, with Barack Obama and Mark Warner each garnering over 60% of the vote for president and U.S. Senate, respectively. Also, the Fairfax-anchored 11th District United States House of Representatives seat held by Thomas M. Davis for 14 years was won by Gerry Connolly, the Democratic Chairman of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors.

Braddock supervisor Sharon Bulova won a special election on February 3, 2009 to succeed Gerry Connolly as chairman of the Board of Supervisors, continuing a Democratic hold on the office that dates to 1995. Delegate David Marsden won a special election on January 12, 2010 to succeed Ken Cuccinelli in the 37th State Senate district.[27] Following this election, Fairfax County is now represented in the Virginia State Senate by an all-Democratic delegation.[28]

In the 2010 congressional elections, Republican challenger Keith Fimian nearly defeated Democratic incumbent Gerry Connolly in the election for the 11th District seat, but Connolly won by 981 votes out of over 225,000 cast (a margin of 0.4%). Jim Moran and Frank Wolf were re-elected by margins of 61%–37% and 63%–35%, respectively.

In 2012, Fairfax County solidly backed Barack Obama for re-election as president, with Obama nearly equaling his 2008 performance thereby winning the county 59.6% to 39.1%. Former Governor Tim Kaine, running for the U.S. Senate in 2012, carried Fairfax County with 61% percent of the vote as part of his statewide victory. Representatives Connolly (D), Moran (D), and Wolf (R) were also reelected.

Although Republican governor Bob McDonnell won Fairfax County with 51% in November 2009, the Republican resurgence in Fairfax was short-lived. Four years later, in the November 2013 election, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Terry McAuliffe won Fairfax County with 58% of the vote, defeating incumbent state Attorney General and former Republican state senator from Fairfax, Ken Cuccinelli. McAuliffe's running mates, Ralph Northam and Mark Herring, also carried Fairfax County in their respective bids for lieutenant governor and attorney general. These Democratic victories mirrored the Democratic ticket's sweep of the state's three executive offices for the first time since 1989.

In the 2016 general election, Fairfax continued its trend towards Democratic candidates. Congressmen Beyer (D) and Connolly (D) were reelected, the latter of whom ran unopposed. Further, Fairfax County supported Hillary Clinton with 64.4% of the vote to Trump's 28.6%, mirroring a heavy swing towards Democrats in Northern Virginia.

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[29]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 28.0% 168,401 69.9% 419,943 2.1% 12,479
2016 28.6% 157,710 64.4% 355,133 7.0% 38,340
2012 39.1% 206,773 59.6% 315,273 1.4% 7,241
2008 38.9% 200,994 60.1% 310,359 1.0% 4,901
2004 45.9% 211,980 53.3% 245,671 0.8% 3,728
2000 48.9% 202,181 47.5% 196,501 3.7% 15,093
1996 48.2% 176,033 46.6% 170,150 5.2% 19,080
1992 44.3% 170,488 41.6% 160,186 14.2% 54,544
1988 61.1% 200,641 38.3% 125,711 0.6% 2,013
1984 62.9% 183,181 36.8% 107,295 0.3% 822
1980 57.4% 137,620 30.8% 73,734 11.8% 28,351
1976 53.6% 110,424 44.7% 92,037 1.7% 3,496
1972 66.3% 112,135 32.4% 54,844 1.3% 2,267
1968 49.0% 57,462 38.2% 44,796 12.8% 15,061
1964 38.7% 30,755 61.2% 48,680 0.1% 82
1960 51.7% 28,006 48.1% 26,064 0.3% 149
1956 55.7% 20,761 42.0% 15,633 2.3% 873
1952 60.9% 13,020 39.0% 8,329 0.1% 30
1948 52.0% 4,930 39.2% 3,719 8.9% 840
1944 52.8% 4,046 46.8% 3,582 0.4% 34
1940 41.9% 2,371 57.7% 3,263 0.5% 26
1936 35.0% 1,584 64.4% 2,913 0.7% 30
1932 32.9% 1,368 65.3% 2,714 1.7% 72
1928 67.1% 2,507 32.9% 1,229
1924 30.0% 765 62.2% 1,586 7.8% 199
1920 37.7% 987 61.1% 1,598 1.2% 32
1916 28.3% 472 70.8% 1,179 0.9% 15
1912 14.0% 187 74.1% 992 11.9% 159
1908 25.9% 404 73.3% 1,143 0.8% 13
1904 34.9% 422 63.9% 774 1% 12
1900 41.2% 1,507 58.4% 2,135 0.4% 14
1896 46.7% 1,877 52.5% 2,109 0.8% 30
1892 41.2% 1,537 58.1% 2,168 0.7% 25
1888 47.4% 1,824 52.2% 2,010 0.4% 16
1884 47.1% 1,681 52.8% 1,883 0.0% 0
1880 44.7% 1,399 55.2% 1,726 0.0% 0
County Board of Supervisors
Position Name Party First Election District
  Chairman Jeff McKay Democratic 2019 At-large
  Supervisor James R. Walkinshaw Democratic 2019 Braddock
  Supervisor John Foust Democratic 2007 Dranesville
  Supervisor Walter L. Alcorn Democratic 2019 Hunter Mill
  Supervisor Rodney L. Lusk Democratic 2019 Lee
  Supervisor Penelope Gross Democratic 1995 Mason
  Supervisor Daniel "Dan" Storck Democratic 2015 Mount Vernon
  Supervisor Dalia A. Palchik Democratic 2019 Providence
  Supervisor Patrick "Pat" Herrity Republican 2007 Springfield
  Supervisor Kathy Smith Democratic 2015 Sully
Constitutional Officers
Position Name Party First Election District
  Sheriff Stacey Kincaid Democratic 2013 At-large
  Commonwealth's Attorney Steve Descano Democratic 2019 At-large
  Clerk of Circuit Court John T. Frey Republican 1991 At-large
Delegates
Position Name Party First Election District
Delegate Kathleen Murphy Democratic 2015 34
  Delegate Mark Keam Democratic 2009 35
  Delegate Ken Plum Democratic 1977 36
  Delegate David Bulova Democratic 2005 37
  Delegate Kaye Kory Democratic 2009 38
  Delegate Vivian Watts Democratic 1981 39
  Delegate Dan Helmer Democratic 2019 40
  Delegate Eileen Filler-Corn Democratic 2010 41
  Delegate Kathy Tran Democratic 2017 42
  Delegate Mark Sickles Democratic 2003 43
  Delegate Paul Krizek Democratic 2015 44
  Delegate Mark Levine Democratic 2015 45
  Delegate Rip Sullivan Democratic 2014 48
  Delegate Alfonso Lopez Democratic 2011 49
  Delegate Marcus Simon Democratic 2013 53
  Delegate Karrie Delaney Democratic 2017 67
  Delegate Ibraheem Samirah Democratic 2019 86
Senators
Position Name Party First Election District
Senator Adam Ebbin Democratic 2011 30
Senator Barbara Favola Democratic 2011 31
Senator Janet Howell Democratic 1991 32
Senator Jennifer Boysko Democratic 2019 33
Senator Chap Petersen Democratic 2007 34
Senator Dick Saslaw Democratic 1980 35
Senator Scott Surovell Democratic 2015 36
Senator Dave Marsden Democratic 2010 37
Senator George Barker Democratic 2007 39

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
179012,320—
180013,3178.1%
181013,111−1.5%
182011,404−13.0%
18309,204−19.3%
18409,3701.8%
185010,68214.0%
186011,83410.8%
187012,9529.4%
188016,02523.7%
189016,6553.9%
190018,58011.6%
191020,53610.5%
192021,9436.9%
193025,26415.1%
194040,92962.0%
195098,557140.8%
1960275,002179.0%
1970455,02165.5%
1980596,90131.2%
1990818,58437.1%
2000969,74918.5%
20101,081,72611.5%
2019 (est.)1,147,532[30]6.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[31]
1790–1960[32] 1900–1990[33]
1990–2000[34]

As of 2010, there were 1,081,726 people, 350,714 households, and 250,409 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,455 people per square mile (948/km2). There were 359,411 housing units at an average density of 910 per square mile (351/km2). The ethnic makeup of the county was:

percentage ethnic group
62.68% White
9.17% Black or African American
0.36% Native American
17.53% Asian
0.07% Pacific Islander
4.54% other races
3.65% two or more races.
15.58% Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

The largest ancestry groups were:

percentage ancestry group
11.2% German
10.2% Irish
8.6% English
5.1% American
5.1% Italian
4.1% Indian
4.0% Salvadoran
3.8% Korean
3.3% Sub-Saharan African
2.7% Vietnamese
2.6% Polish
2.4% Chinese
2.4% Arabs
2.2% Scottish
1.9% French
1.8% Spanish
1.7% Mexican
1.7% Bolivian
1.4% Filipino
1.4% Russian
1.3% Scotch-Irish
1.2% Peruvian
1.1% Honduran
1.0% Guatemalan
1.0% Pakistani

Ethnic structure of Fairfax County

  White (62.7%)
  Asian (17.5%)
  Black (9.2%)
  Other (6.5%)
  Two or more races (3.6%)
  Native (0.4%)
  Pacific islander (0.1%)

In 2000, there were 350,714 households, of which 36.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.40% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 21.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.20.

The age distribution was 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 33.90% from 25 to 44, 25.30% from 45 to 64, and 7.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $81,050, and the median income for a family was $92,146; in a 2007 estimate, these figures rose to $102,460 and $120,804, respectively. Males had a median income of $60,503 versus $41,802 for females. The per capita income for the county was $36,888. About 3.00% of families and 4.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.20% of those under age 18 and 4.00% of those age 65 or over. A more recent report from the 2007 American Community Survey indicated that poverty in Fairfax County, Virginia had risen to 4.9%.[5]

Judged by household median income, Fairfax County is among the highest-income counties in the country, and was first on that list for many years. However, in the 2000 census it was overtaken by Douglas County, Colorado. According to U.S. Census Bureau estimates for 2005, it had the second-highest median household income behind neighboring Loudoun County, at $94,610. In 2007, Fairfax County reclaimed its position as the richest county in America, in addition to becoming the first county in American history to have a median household income in excess of $100,000, though not the first jurisdiction.[35] In 2008, Loudoun County reclaimed the first position, with Fairfax County a statistically insignificant second.[36][37] In 2012, the median household income in Fairfax County was $108,439.[38]

Fairfax County males have the highest life expectancy in the nation at 81.1 years, while females had the eighth-highest at 83.8 years.[39]

Education
Children play frisbee baseball at one of Fairfax County's elementary schools.

The county is served by the Fairfax County Public Schools system, to which the county government allocates 52.2% of its fiscal budget.[40] Including state and federal government contributions, along with citizen and corporate contributions, this brings the 2008 fiscal budget for the school system to $2.2 billion.[41] The school system has estimated that, based on the 2008 fiscal year budget, the county will be spending $13,407 on each student.[42]

The Fairfax County Public School system contains the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, a Virginia Governor's School. TJHSST consistently ranks at or near the top of all United States high schools due to the extraordinary number of National Merit Semi-Finalists and Finalists, the high average SAT scores of its students, and the number of students who annually perform nationally recognized research in the sciences and engineering. However, as a Governor's School, TJHSST draws students not only from Fairfax County, but also Arlington, Loudoun, Fauquier, and Prince William counties, as well as the City of Falls Church.

Fairfax County is also home to many Catholic elementary and middle schools. The schools fall under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arlington. The Oakcrest School is a Catholic school in Fairfax County, which is not run by the Diocese. Paul VI Catholic High School is the Diocese run Catholic High School for Fairfax County.

George Mason University is located just outside the city of Fairfax, near the geographic center of Fairfax County. Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) serves Fairfax County with campuses in Annandale and Springfield a center in Reston which is a satellite branch of the Loudoun campus. The NVCC Alexandria campus borders Fairfax County. The University of Fairfax is also headquartered in Vienna, Virginia. Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Medicine recently constructed a medical campus wing at Inova Fairfax Hospital in order to allow third and fourth year medical students to study at other state-of-the-art facilities in the Northern Virginia region.[43]

Economy
Fairfax County is, along with Washington, a "core" employment jurisdiction of the Washington Metropolitan Area as indicated by this map. A U.S. Department of Labor study published in 2007 described Fairfax County as the second "economic pillar" of the Washington-area economy, along with the District of Columbia. The county has been described in Time as "one of the great economic success stories of our time."[44]

Fairfax County's economy revolves around professional services and technology. Many residents work for the government or for contractors of the federal government. The government is the largest employer, with Fort Belvoir in southern Fairfax being the county's single largest location of federal employment. Fairfax County has a gross county product of about $95 billion.

Fairfax County also is home to major employers such as Volkswagen Group of America, Hilton Worldwide,[45] CSC (formerly Computer Sciences Corporation), Northrop Grumman, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Leidos, Booz Allen Hamilton, Gannett, Capital One, General Dynamics, ICF International, Freddie Mac, Sallie Mae, ManTech International, Mars, NII and NVR. The county is home to seven Fortune 500 company headquarters,[46] 11 Hispanic 500 companies,[47] and five companies on the Black Enterprise 500 list. Northrop Grumman announced in 2010 that it would move its corporate headquarters from Los Angeles to Fairfax County.

The county's economy is supported by the Fairfax County Economic Development Authority, which provides services and information to promote Fairfax County as a leading business and technology center. The FCEDA is the nation's largest non-state economic development authority. Fairfax County is also home to the Northern Virginia Technology Council, a trade association for local technology companies. It is the nation's largest technology council, with technology industry figures such as Bill Gates and Meg Whitman speaking at various local banquets.[48][49] Fairfax County has a higher concentration of high-tech workers than Silicon Valley.[50]

Tysons

The Tysons CDP of Fairfax County is Virginia's largest office market and the nation's largest suburban business district with 26,600,000 square feet (2,470,000 m2) of office space.[51][52] It is the country's 12th-largest business district, and is expected to grow substantially in the coming decades. It contains a quarter of the county's total office space inventory, which was 105,200,000 square feet (9,770,000 m2) at year-end 2006, which is about the size of Lower Manhattan.[53] The area is noted by Forbes as "often described as the place where the Internet was invented, but today it looks increasingly like the center of the global military-industrial complex"[54] due to being home to the nation's first ISPs (many of whom are now defunct), while attracting numerous defense contractors who have relocated from other states to or near Tysons Corner.

Every weekday, Tysons draws over 100,000 workers from around the region. It also draws 55,000 shoppers every weekday as it is home to neighboring super-regional malls Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria. In comparison, Washington, D.C., draws 15 million visitors annually, or the equivalent of 62,500 per weekday.

After years of stalling and controversy, the $5.2 billion expansion of the Washington Metro Silver Line in Virginia from Washington, D.C., to Dulles International Airport received funding approval from the Federal Transit Administration in December 2008.[55] The Silver Line added four stations in Tysons, including a station between Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria.

Along with the expansion of Washington Metro, Fairfax County government has a plan to "urbanize" the Tysons area. The plan calls for a private-public partnership and a grid-like street system to make Tysons a more urban environment, tripling available housing to allow more workers to live near their work. The goal is to have 95% of Tysons Corner within 1⁄2-mile (800 m) from a metro station.[56]

Employment

Fairfax County's average weekly wage during the first quarter of 2005 was $1,181, which is 52% more than the national average.[57] By comparison, the average weekly wage was $1,286 for Arlington – the Washington metropolitan area's highest – $1,277 for Washington, D.C., and $775 for the United States as a whole.[57] The types of jobs available in the area make it very attractive to highly educated workers. The relatively high wages may be partially due to the area's high cost of living.[57]

In early 2005, Fairfax County had 553,107 total jobs, up from 372,792 in 1990. In the area, this is second to Washington's 658,505 jobs in 2005 (down from 668,532 in 1990).[57]

As of the 2002 Economic Census, Fairfax County has the largest professional, scientific, and technical service sector in the Washington, D.C., area – in terms of the number of business establishments; total sales, shipments, and receipts; payrolls; and number of employees – exceeding the next largest, Washington, D.C., by roughly a quarter overall, and double that of neighboring Montgomery County.[58]

Top employers

According to the county's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[59] the county's largest employers are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Fairfax County Public Schools 24,581
2 United States government 23,664
3 Fairfax County government 12,335
4 Inova Health System 7,000–10,000
5 George Mason University 5,000–10,000
6 Booz Allen Hamilton 4,000–6,999
7 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4,000–6,999
8 General Dynamics 4,000–6,999
9 SAIC 1,000–3,999
10 Northrop Grumman 1,000–3,999

Arts and culture

Annual festivals include the "Celebrate Fairfax!" festival held in June at the Fairfax County Government Center in Fairfax City, the Northern Virginia Fine Arts Festival[60] held in May at the Reston Town Center in Reston, and the International Children's Festival held in September at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, which features a performing arts center outside the town of Vienna.

Fairfax County supports a summer concert series held in multiple venues throughout the county on various nights. The concert series are called Arts in the Parks, Braddock Nights, Lee District Nights, Mt. Vernon Nights, Nottoway Nights, Spotlight by Starlight, Sounds of Summer and Starlight Cinema.[61]

The EagleBank Arena (originally the Patriot Center), on the Fairfax campus of George Mason University just outside the City of Fairfax, hosts concerts and shows. The nearby Center for the Arts at George Mason is a major year-round arts venue, and the Workhouse Arts Center in Lorton, Virginia includes studios for artists, event facilities for performing groups, and gallery exhibitions in addition to hosting the annual Clifton Film Festival.[62] Smaller local art venues include:

  • Alden Theater at the McLean Community Center
  • ArtSpace Herndon
  • Center Stage at the Reston Community Center
  • Greater Reston Arts Center
  • James Lee Community Center Theater
  • Vienna Arts Society

Transportation

Roads

Several major highways run through Fairfax County, including the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495), Interstate 66, Interstate 95, and Interstate 395. The American Legion Bridge connects Fairfax to Montgomery County, Maryland. The George Washington Memorial Parkway, Dulles Toll Road, and Fairfax County Parkway are also major arteries. Other notable roads include Braddock Road, Old Keene Mill Road, Little River Turnpike, State Routes 7, 28, and 123, and US Routes 1, 29, and 50.

The county is in the Washington, D.C., metro area, the nation's third most congested area.[63][64][65]

Northern Virginia, including Fairfax County, is the third worst congested traffic area in the nation, in terms of percentage of congested roadways and time spent in traffic. Of the lane miles in the region, 44 percent are rated "F" or worst for congestion. Northern Virginia residents spend an average of 46 hours a year stuck in traffic.

Major highways
I-95 in Fairfax County

Air

Washington Dulles International Airport lies partly within Fairfax County and provides most air service to the county. Fairfax is also served by two other airports in the Washington area, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. Manassas Regional Airport, in neighboring Prince William County, is also used for regional cargo and private jet service.

Falls Church Airpark, circa 1950. The road at the top of the photo is U.S Route 50 (Arlington Blvd)

From 1945 to 1961, the eastern part of Fairfax County hosted Falls Church Airpark, an airfield primarily used for general aviation and civil defense purposes until encroaching residential development forced its closure.[66] The area formerly occupied by the airport is now mainly used as a shopping center with the western end of the complex occupied by the Thomas Jefferson branch of the Fairfax County Public Library system. Parts of several apartment complexes are also located on some of the airport's former grounds.[14][67]

Public transportation

Fairfax County has multiple public transportation services, including the Washington Metro's Orange, Blue, Yellow, and Silver lines. The Silver line, which runs through the Tysons and Reston areas of the county, opened in 2014 as the first new Washington Metro line since the Green Line opened in 1991.[68] An extension of the Silver line east through Herndon into Loudoun County is anticipated to begin operating sometime in 2021.[69]

In addition, the VRE (Virginia Railway Express) provides commuter rail service to Union Station in Washington, D.C., with stations in Fairfax County. The VRE's Fairfax County stations are Lorton and Franconia/Springfield on the Fredericksburg line, and Burke Centre, Rolling Road, and Backlick Road on the Manassas line.[70]

Fairfax County contracts its bus service called the Fairfax Connector to Transdev. The county also is served by WMATA's Metrobus service.

Parks and recreation

The county has many protected areas, a total of over 390 county parks on more than 23,000 acres (93 km2).[71] The Fairfax County Park Authority maintains parks and recreation centers through the county. There are also two national protected areas that are inside the county at least in part, including the Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge, the George Washington Memorial Parkway, and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts. The Mason Neck State Park is also in Lorton.

Fairfax County is member of the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority.

The Reston Zoo is in Reston, Virginia.[72] The National Zoo is located nearby in Washington, D.C.

Trails

The county maintains many miles of bike trails running through parks, adjacent to roads and through towns such as Vienna and Herndon. The Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail runs through Fairfax County, offering one of the region's best, and safest, routes for recreational walking and biking. In addition, nine miles (14 km) of the Mount Vernon Trail runs through Fairfax County along the Potomac River.

However, compared to other regions of the Washington area, Fairfax County has a dearth of designated bike lanes for cyclists wishing to commute in the region. On May 16, 2008, Bike-to-Work Day, the Fairfax County Department of Transportation released the first countywide bicycle route map.[73]

The Fairfax Cross County Trail runs from Great Falls National Park in the county's northern end to Occoquan Regional Park in the southern end. Consisting of mostly dirt paths and short asphalt sections, the trail is used mostly by recreational mountain bikers, hikers, and horse riders.

Communities
Map of Fairfax County showing incorporated towns and CDPs.
Herndon
McLean
Reston

Three incorporated towns, Clifton, Herndon, and Vienna, are located entirely within Fairfax County.[74]

The independent cities of Falls Church and Fairfax were formed out of areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County, but are politically separate, despite the City of Fairfax being the county seat. Nevertheless, the Postal Service has long considered several portions of Fairfax County to be unincorporated Falls Church and Fairfax City. Several portions of the county also have Alexandria mailing addresses; in this case, many locals refer to these neighborhoods collectively as "South Alexandria", "Lower Alexandria", or "Alexandria, Fairfax County."[75] "South Alexandria" communities include Hollin Hills, Franconia, Groveton, Hybla Valley, Huntington, Belle Haven, Mount Vernon, Fort Hunt, Engleside, Burgundy Village, Waynewood, Wilton Woods, Rose Hill, Virginia Hills, Hayfield, and Kingstowne.

It has been proposed[76] to convert the entire county into a single independent city, primarily to gain more control over taxes and roads. The most recent such proposal was made June 30, 2009.

Other communities within Fairfax County are unincorporated areas. Virginia law dictates that no unincorporated area of a county may be incorporated as a separate town or city following the adoption of the urban county executive form of government.[77] Fairfax County adopted the urban county executive form of government in 1966.[22][23]

As of the 2000 census, the thirteen largest communities of Fairfax County are all unincorporated CDPs, the largest of which are Centreville, Reston, and McLean, each with a population exceeding 45,000. (The largest incorporated place in the county is the town of Herndon, its fourteenth-largest community.)

Census-designated places

The following localities within Fairfax County are identified by the U.S. Census Bureau as (unincorporated) Census-designated places:[78]

Other unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on 2020 estimates by the United States Census Bureau.[79]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 est.)
1 Centreville CDP 74,125
2 Reston CDP 61,147
3 McLean CDP 47,682
4 Annandale CDP 43,295
5 Burke CDP 42,806
6 Oakton CDP 36,997
7 Fair Oaks CDP 33,481
8 Springfield CDP 32,222
9 West Falls Church CDP 29,623
10 Herndon Town 24,532
11 Chantilly CDP 24,368
12
13 Tysons CDP 24,261
14 West Springfield CDP 24,223
15 Bailey's Crossroads CDP 24,180
16 Lincolnia CDP 23,933
17 † Fairfax City 23,531
18 McNair CDP 21,485
19 Lorton CDP 20,871
20 Rose Hill CDP 20,226
21 Franconia CDP 19,720
22 Franklin Farm CDP 18,321
23 Merrifield CDP 18,291
24 Idylwood CDP 18,273
25 Kingstowne CDP 17,517
26 Hybla Valley CDP 17,069
27 Fort Hunt CDP 16,973
28 Groveton CDP 16,516
29 Vienna Town 16,489
30 Wolf Trap CDP 16,436
31 Great Falls CDP 14,872
32 Kings Park West CDP 14,227
33 Huntington CDP 13,334
34 Newington CDP 13,196
35 Mount Vernon CDP 13,113
36 Newington Forest CDP 12,373
37 Fairfax Station CDP 12,046
38 Dranesville CDP 11,661
39 Wakefield CDP 11,554
40 Lake Barcroft CDP 9,823
41 George Mason CDP 9,777
42 Dunn Loring CDP 9,158
43 Woodburn CDP 9,127
44 Seven Corners CDP 8,731
45 Greenbriar CDP 8,686
45 Fair Lakes CDP 8,399
46 Long Branch CDP 8,381
47 Floris CDP 8,291
48 Laurel Hill CDP 8,020
49 Fort Belvoir CDP 7,967
50 Mantua CDP 7,342
51 North Springfield CDP 7,303
52 Belle Haven CDP 6,640
53 South Run CDP 6,243
54 Pimmit Hills CDP 6,223
55 Crosspointe CDP 5,727
56 Kings Park CDP 5,109
57 Hayfield CDP 4,285
58 Ravensworth CDP 2,188
59 Mason Neck CDP 1,986

Notable people

See also: Notable people from McLean, Virginia

Historic figures

Politicians

  • Sharon Bulova – Current chairman of the board of supervisors
  • Gerry Connolly – U.S. Congressman (VA-11) and former Chairman of the Fairfax County board of supervisors
  • Tom Davis – former U.S. Congressman (VA-11)
  • Katherine Hanley – Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth and former County Board Chair
  • John Warner – former U.S. Senator (R)
  • Jim Webb – former U.S. Senator (D)
  • Nguyễn Cao Kỳ – South Vietnamese Prime Minister, Vice President, and Air-Force General. Initially lived in Fairfax County in the late 1970s after the fall of Saigon.
  • Barbara Comstock – Former U.S. Congresswoman (VA-10) and former Virginia Delegate (R-34)
  • James Gattuso - Senior Research Fellow for the Heritage Foundation and former Associate Director for Vice President Dan Quayle.

Professionals

Sports figures

Entertainers

Other

Sister cities

Fairfax County's sister cities are:[90]

See also

Notes
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