October 2010 North American storm complex

The October 2010 North American storm complex is the name given to a historic extratropical cyclone that impacted North America. The massive storm complex caused a wide range of weather events including a major serial derecho stretching from the Gulf Coast to the Great Lakes, a widespread tornado outbreak across the Southeast United States and Midwest and a blizzard across portions of the Canadian Prairies and the Dakotas.[2][3] The cyclone's lowest minimum pressure of 955.2 mb (28.21 inHg) made it the second most intense non-tropical system recorded in the continental United States (CONUS).[4] The lowest confirmed pressure for a non-tropical system in the continental United States was set by a January 1913 Atlantic coast storm.[4]

October 2010 North American storm complex
Satellite image of the storm complex at peak intensity, on October 27, 2010.
TypeExtratropical cyclone, Blizzard, Derecho, Tornado outbreak, Windstorm
FormedOctober 23, 2010
DissipatedNovember 5, 2010
Lowest pressure955.2 mb (28.21 inHg)
Tornadoes confirmed69 confirmed
(Record for a continuous outbreak in October)
Max. rating1EF2 tornado
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion9 inches (22.9 cm) St. Louis County, Minnesota
DamageUS$18.5 million (tornado)[1]
Casualties1 (snow); injuries unknown
Areas affectedEastern two-thirds of North America and adjacent waters
Ireland
United Kingdom
Western Europe

1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale

Meteorological synopsis

Significant snowfall was reported on the backside of the storm. The heaviest snow fell in parts of Minnesota where 9 inches (22.5 cm) of snow was reported in St. Louis County, Minnesota.[5] Heavy snow and blizzard conditions also occurred in North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan.

The non-tropical cyclonic storm generated wind speeds of up to 70 mph, caused by a severe low pressure zone over Nebraska on October 24th.[6]

Akron, Cleveland, Findlay, Marion, Lorain, Mansfield, Toledo, Wooster and Youngstown, Ohio all witnessed heavy winds on the 24th.[7]

Severe weather battered Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio on the 25th and 26th of October, producing strong winds, rain, hail, and widespread tornadoes. It was the region's second strongest storm on record.[6] The weather station in Bigfork, Minnesota recorded a state record atmospheric pressure of 955.2 millibars (28.21 inches of pressure), typical of a Category 3 hurricane.[8] The National Weather Service reported that a tornado with a maximum speed of 115 mph touched down about four miles east of Peotone in Will County, south of Chicago, that morning and traveled 2.9 miles, causing downed power lines and partially destroying a home. Another tornado was reported to have landed in Racine, Wisconsin.[6]

Heavy damage was reported in the Chicago area, particularly in Kane, Will, Kankakee, and Iroquois Counties in Illinois and in Porter County in Indiana. The winds flipped single engine planes on their sides at DuPage Airport in West Chicago, and flights were delayed by 30 minutes at O'Hare and Midway airports.[6] More than 300 flights were canceled at O'Hare International Airport, and more than 60,000 ComEd customers were without power. Several other less powerful tornadoes also occurred in Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin. Heavy snow also fell in south western Ontario. There were no fatalities with this system.[6] A GOES satellite image on October 26 showed what could be considered the eye of the storm over the Minnesota-Ontario border, with outlying clouds reaching as far as Alberta, southern Nunavut, Newfoundland, eastern Montana, Colorado, Louisiana, Maine and Bermuda.[8]

The storm developed so quickly, that it was declared to be a weather 'bomb', which is an extremely fast developing storm that drops at least one millibar of pressure per hour for 24 hours—a phenomenon more commonly seen over water than land.[8]

On the morning of October 26, a serial derecho caused widespread damage in Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan and Ohio Tuesday. Louisville, Ky; Cincinnati, Cridersville, and Toledo, Ohio, Nashville, Tennessee[9] Indianapolis were hit at 9 am CDT, and Detroit was hit during the midday and early afternoon hours. Other cities impacted by the storms included Pittsburgh, Pa., Buffalo, N.Y., and Charleston, W.Va.[9] At one point in the morning a line of tornado warnings stretched from central Michigan down to northern Mississippi. Tornado damage to homes was also reported in and around Peotone, Ill., and Kokomo, Ind., while another tornado reportedly uprooted and downed trees onto homes near Racine, Wis.[9]

On October 28, the storm system left the East Coast. During the next few days, the system moved eastward across the Atlantic, before stalling over the western Mediterranean on November 1.[10] On November 5, the system dissipated over the western Mediterranean region.[10]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 35 26 8 0 0 0 69

October 23 event

List of reported tornadoes - Saturday, October 23, 2010
EF#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Texas
EF0 Fort Worth Tarrant 32.802°N 97.202°W / 32.802; -97.202 (Fort Worth (Oct. 23, EF0)) 1755 unknown Brief tornado with damage to roofs and fences.
Sources:

SPC Storm Reports for 10/23/10 WFAA "Tornadoes touch down south and east of Dallas"

October 24 event

List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, October 24, 2010
EF#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Texas
EF0 N of Daingerfield Morris 33.07°N 94.72°W / 33.07; -94.72 (Daingerfield (Oct. 24, EF0)) 2030 3 miles (4.8 km) Damage limited to a few trees.
EF2 Rice area Navarro 32.23°N 96.50°W / 32.23; -96.50 (Rice (Oct. 24, EF2)) 2255 7 miles (11 km) Five houses were destroyed and three others were damaged. A high school was also heavily damaged and a train was derailed. A baseball field was damaged and vehicles were flipped on the interstate. Trees were snapped and uprooted as well. Several people were injured.
EF0 Lone Oak Hunt 33.00°N 95.93°W / 33.00; -95.93 (Lone Oak (Oct. 24, EF0)) 2300 200 yards (180 m) Brief tornado damaged 10 houses in a residential subdivision.
EF0 N of Mount Vernon Franklin 33.19°N 95.23°W / 33.19; -95.23 (Mount Vernon (Oct. 24, EF0)) 2315 0.25 miles (400 m) Brief tornado with minor tree damage.
EF0 N of Mount Pleasant Morris 33.21°N 94.98°W / 33.21; -94.98 (Mount Pleasant (Oct. 24, EF0)) 2347 0.75 miles (1.21 km) Damage limited to a few trees.
Alabama
EF1 Elsanor Baldwin 30.54°N 87.55°W / 30.54; -87.55 (Elsanor (Oct. 24, EF1)) 0210 1.7 miles (2.7 km) A mobile home and a metal shed were destroyed and a brick houses sustained minor damage. One person sustained minor injuries.
Michigan
EF0 WNW of Coloma Berrien 42.20°N 86.34°W / 42.20; -86.34 (Coloma (Oct. 24, EF0)) 0250 0.1 miles (160 m) Brief tornado with minor damage to two houses and a roof blown off a barn.
Arkansas
EF0 W of Crystal Valley Pulaski unknown 0.77 miles (1.24 km) A barn lost its roof, and some trees were damaged.
Sources:

SPC Storm Reports for 10/24/10, NWS Fort Worth, NWS Shreveport, NWS Mobile, NWS Little Rock

October 25 event

List of reported tornadoes - Monday, October 25, 2010
EF#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Tennessee
EF1 Pleasant Hill Moore 30.67°N 88.14°W / 30.67; -88.14 (Pleasant Hill (Oct. 25, EF1)) 0540 1.2 miles (1.9 km) A hay barn was destroyed and two houses had porch damage. Trees were also knocked down.
Alabama
EF1 S of Haleyville Winston 34.18°N 87.60°W / 34.18; -87.60 (Haleyville (Oct. 25, EF1)) 0705 10.5 miles (16.9 km) A large barn and a shed were destroyed and three houses were damaged. Extensive tree damage along the path.
EF0 Arab Marshall 34.34°N 86.50°W / 34.34; -86.50 (Arab (Oct. 25, EF0)) 0923 1 mile (1.6 km) Minor damage to a house and significant damage to an outbuilding. Numerous trees were snapped.
EF0 NE of Section Jackson 34.61°N 85.92°W / 34.61; -85.92 (Section (Oct. 25, EF0)) 0952 2.2 miles (3.5 km) A trailer and a shed were destroyed, a house was damaged, and several trees were downed.
EF2 Ider area Jackson, DeKalb, Dade (GA) 34.68°N 85.64°W / 34.68; -85.64 (Pleasant Hill (Oct. 25, EF2)) 1002 25.7 miles (41.4 km) Long track tornado with major damage to several houses and barns, one of the houses was nearly destroyed. Several people were injured.
EF1 Near Rosalie Jackson, DeKalb 34.63°N 85.78°W / 34.63; -85.78 (Rosalie (Oct. 25, EF1)) 1005 15.7 miles (25.3 km) A house, two barns, and several other structures were damaged. Numerous trees were downed.
EF1 Mobile Mobile 30.67°N 88.14°W / 30.67; -88.14 (Mobile (Oct. 25, EF1)) 1120 1 mile (1.6 km) Several houses and commercial buildings, including a shopping center, were damaged.
Sources:

NWS Mobile, NWS Huntsville, NWS Birmingham, NWS Peachtree City

October 26 event

List of reported tornadoes - Tuesday, October 26, 2010
EF#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Illinois
EF1 ESE of Ashton Lee 1041 1.1 miles (1.8 km) Several farm outbuildings were destroyed and a metal silo was punched inward.
EF1 W of Plato Center Kane 714 1.50 miles (2.41 km) Straight line wind damage was reported. Also a few barns were destroyed.
EF1 NW of Elburn Kane 41.89°N 88.51°W / 41.89; -88.51 (Elburn (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1155 0.75 miles (1.21 km) Two farm houses were damaged and a grain bin and two barns were destroyed.
EF2 E of Peotone Will 41.33°N 87.72°W / 41.33; -87.72 (Peotone (Oct. 26, EF2)) 1240 2.9 miles (4.7 km) One house was severely damaged with the second level destroyed. Power poles were also damaged.
Wisconsin
EF1 NNE of Kenosha Racine, Kenosha 42.66°N 87.89°W / 42.66; -87.89 (Racine (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1247 6 miles (9.7 km) Two industrial buildings were heavily damaged and a barn and garage were destroyed. Trees and power poles were also knocked down. Two people were injured.
Indiana
EF0 SE of Malden Porter 41.33°N 86.97°W / 41.33; -86.97 (Malden (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1333 200 yards (180 m) One outbuilding was damaged by this brief tornado.
EF1 Wanatah LaPorte 41.43°N 86.89°W / 41.43; -86.89 (Wanatah (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1342 1 mile (1.6 km) A garage and a shelter were heavily damaged and power poles were knocked down.
EF0 ENE of Kokomo Howard 40.49°N 86.08°W / 40.49; -86.08 (Kokomo (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1405 unknown Several houses sustained damage, one of which had significant damage.
EF1 E of Bracken Huntington 40.94°N 85.62°W / 40.94; -85.62 (Bracken (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1421 0.6 miles (970 m) A metal grain barn and several outbuildings were destroyed.
EF0 SW of Oswego Kosciusko 41.30°N 85.82°W / 41.30; -85.82 (Oswego (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1431 1 mile (1.6 km) Numerous houses in a subdivision sustained shingle damage. Corn was flattened and yard items were thrown, and a radio tower and power poles were bent.
EF0 SW of Luther Huntington, Whitley 41.00°N 85.60°W / 41.00; -85.60 (Luther (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1433 2 miles (3.2 km) One house sustained minor damage. A grain bin and several outbuildings were destroyed.
EF0 Wabash Wabash 40.82°N 85.84°W / 40.82; -85.84 (Wabash (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1420 4.8 miles (7.7 km) Minor damage at a Walmart store and a vocational school.
EF1 NE of Peabody Whitley 41.11°N 85.47°W / 41.11; -85.47 (Peabody (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1440 2 miles (3.2 km) Numerous houses sustained minor damage, and several outbuildings were severely damaged. Numerous trees were also uprooted.
EF1 S of Grabill Allen 41.06°N 84.90°W / 41.06; -84.90 (Grabill (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1502 7 miles (11 km) Numerous houses were damaged and barns destroyed. Trees and power poles were knocked down.
EF1 SW of Cuba Allen 41.15°N 84.98°W / 41.15; -84.98 (Cuba (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1504 1.5 miles (2.4 km) Several barns were heavily damaged and a house sustained minor damage. Four train cars were blown off the tracks.
Kentucky
EF0 S of Pembroke Christian 36.75°N 87.36°W / 36.75; -87.36 (Pembroke (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1352 2 miles (3.2 km) A barn sustained minor damage and a few trees were snapped.
EF0 N of Trenton Todd 36.77°N 87.26°W / 36.77; -87.26 (Trenton (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1358 0.25 miles (400 m) Brief tornado blew recreational equipment around a yard and damaged a barn.
EF0 NE of Graham Muhlenberg 37.26°N 87.26°W / 37.26; -87.26 (Graham (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1420 200 yards (180 m) Brief tornado with minor tree damage.
EF0 Hopkinsville area Christian 36.85°N 87.49°W / 36.85; -87.49 (Hopkinsville (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1420 2.5 miles (4.0 km) A Food Lion store sustained roof damage, and a barn and two storage buildings were heavily damaged.
EF0 SW of Mount Washington Bullitt 38.08°N 85.51°W / 38.08; -85.51 (Mount Washington (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1551 150 yards (140 m) A concrete workshop was heavily damage.
EF1 SE of Bowling Green Warren 36.94°N 86.40°W / 36.94; -86.40 (Bowling Green (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1608 1.3 miles (2.1 km) Intermittent tornado touchdown heavily damaged a barn and damaged some trees.
EF1 Middlesboro Bell 36.61°N 83.72°W / 36.61; -83.72 (Middlesboro (Oct. 26, EF1)) 2210 0.7 miles (1.1 km) Several buildings and numerous trees were damaged in town.
Ohio
EF0 NW of Convoy Van Wert 40.92°N 84.76°W / 40.92; -84.76 (Convoy (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1502 3.5 miles (5.6 km) A barn lost its roof, a shed was destroyed and a camper and semi-trailer were blown down.
EF1 NW of Grover Hill Van Wert, Paulding 40.99°N 84.59°W / 40.99; -84.59 (Grover Hill (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1512 9.25 miles (14.89 km) Numerous houses sustained minor damage. Two barns and a grain bin were destroyed and many trees were uprooted.
EF1 E of Oakwood Paulding, Putnam 41.08°N 84.34°W / 41.08; -84.34 (Oakwood (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1529 5 miles (8.0 km) A few houses sustained minor shingle damage and several barns and sheds were destroyed.
EF1 N of Eldorado Preble, Darke 39.91°N 84.69°W / 39.91; -84.69 (Eldorado (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1540 5.5 miles (8.9 km) Two houses sustained minor damage and barns and outbuildings sustained major damage. Several trees were uprooted.
EF0 SW of Cridersville Auglaize 40.67°N 84.11°W / 40.67; -84.11 (Cridersville (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1558 65 yards (60 m) Very brief tornado damaged a barn and a garage.
EF2 Cridersville area Auglaize, Allen 40.63°N 84.17°W / 40.63; -84.17 (Cridersville (Oct. 26, EF2)) 1559 2.2 miles (3.5 km) A house, a barn and a garage were destroyed and numerous other houses were damaged, some heavily. A brick gymnasium was also destroyed.
EF0 SE of Sabina Clinton, Fayette 39.44°N 83.64°W / 39.44; -83.64 (Sabina (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1720 4 miles (6.4 km) Several barns were heavily damaged or destroyed. Two houses sustained minor damage.
EF0 E of Sabina Fayette 39.49°N 83.54°W / 39.49; -83.54 (Sabina (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1730 2 miles (3.2 km) A large storage facility was heavily damaged and several sheds and outbuildings were also damaged.
EF0 SW of Commercial Point Pickaway 39.72°N 83.11°W / 39.72; -83.11 (Commercial Point (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1752 1.5 miles (2.4 km) Several barns and outbuildings were heavily damaged or destroyed.
EF0 N of Groveport Franklin 39.87°N 82.87°W / 39.87; -82.87 (Groveport (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1805 100 yards (90 m) Brief tornado destroyed two barns.
EF0 E of Pataskala Licking 40.00°N 82.53°W / 40.00; -82.53 (Pataskala (Oct. 26, EF0)) 1827 0.5 miles (800 m) Several houses were damaged and trees were snapped.
Alabama
EF1 Hillsboro Lawrence 34.65°N 87.13°W / 34.65; -87.13 (Hillsboro (Oct. 26, EF1)) 1823 1.1 miles (1.8 km) Several trees were uprooted.
EF0 Greenbrier Limestone 34.64°N 86.85°W / 34.64; -86.85 (Hillsboro (Oct. 26, EF0)) 2040 500 yards (460 m) Brief tornado damaged a few small trees.
EF1 W of Geraldine DeKalb 34.35°N 86.07°W / 34.35; -86.07 (Geraldine (Oct. 26, EF1)) 2303 4.25 miles (6.84 km) One house sustained significant damage, along with a workshop, a boat and three vehicles. Trees were also snapped.
EF0 McVille Marshall 34.27°N 86.12°W / 34.27; -86.12 (McVille (Oct. 26, EF1)) 2313 0.9 miles (1.4 km) Minor damage to trees and a barn.
Tennessee
EF0 Harrison Hamilton 35.09°N 85.20°W / 35.09; -85.20 (Harrison (Oct. 26, EF0)) 2200 0.1 miles (160 m) Brief tornado with minor damage to a church and a few trees twisted and snapped.
EF2 Chattanooga Hamilton 2250 1.2 miles (1.9 km) Tornado touched down over Chickamauga Dam. An apartment complex lost its roof and a cement plant was destroyed. Two trailers were blown into the water and destroyed as well.
North Carolina
EF2 W of Vale Lincoln 35.54°N 81.48°W / 35.54; -81.48 (Vale (Oct. 26, EF2)) 2310 3 miles (4.8 km) Several houses were destroyed and many others were damaged, some heavily. Many trees were also snapped or uprooted. 12 people were injured, one seriously.
EF2 Claremont Catawba 35.71°N 81.16°W / 35.71; -81.16 (Claremont (Oct. 26, EF2)) 2345 2 miles (3.2 km) Many trees were uprooted or snapped and grave stones were knocked over. Roof torn of off a furniture distribution center along with lesser roof damage to other homes and businesses. Tractor-trailers were flipped over as well.
EF1 King (1st tornado) Stokes 36.28°N 80.36°W / 36.28; -80.36 (King (Oct. 26, EF1)) 0314 2.25 miles (3.62 km) Numerous trees were snapped and a carport was heavily damaged.
South Carolina
EF0 NW of Tigerville Greenville 35.08°N 82.48°W / 35.08; -82.48 (Tigerville (Oct. 26, EF0)) 2310 5 miles (8.0 km) Extensive tree damage with many snapped or uprooted, a few falling on houses. Boats were also damaged on Chinquapin Lake.
Sources:

NWS Chicago, NWS Northern Indiana, NWS Milwaukee, NWS Indianapolis, NWS Wilmington, OH, NWS Morristown, NWS Louisville, NWS Paducah, NWS Blacksburg, NWS Jackson, KY, NWS Huntsville, NWS Greenville/Spartanburg

October 27 event

List of reported tornadoes - Wednesday, October 27, 2010
EF#
Location
County
Coord.
Time (UTC)
Path length
Comments/Damage
Virginia
EF0 Aiken Summit area Henry, Pittsylvania 36.61°N 79.72°W / 36.61; -79.72 (Aiken Summit (Oct. 27, EF0)) 0414 5.4 miles (8.7 km) Three houses sustained minor damage and five outbuildings were damaged.
EF2 NW of Virgilina Halifax 36.57°N 78.88°W / 36.57; -78.88 (Virgilina (Oct. 27, EF2)) 0652 4 miles (6.4 km) Several houses were damaged and barns and outbuildings were destroyed. Major and extensive tree damage with thousands of trees snapped or uprooted.
EF0 N of Skipwith Mecklenburg 36.76°N 78.49°W / 36.76; -78.49 (Skipwith (Oct. 27, EF0)) 0714 1.25 miles (2.01 km) A shed was damaged and numerous trees and power lines were knocked down.
EF1 Richmond area Richmond (city), Hanover 37.55°N 77.50°W / 37.55; -77.50 (Richmond (Oct. 27, EF1)) 2100 11.5 miles (18.5 km) Tornado developed on the north side of Richmond and tracked through the eastern suburbs. Many trees and power poles were knocked down, damaging over 100 houses in the process, a few severely. One person was injured.
North Carolina
EF0 Roxboro Lake Person 36.37°N 79.15°W / 36.37; -79.15 (King (Oct. 27, EF0)) 1958 200 yards (180 m) Damaged limited to a few trees.
EF1 Roxboro Person 36.39°N 78.95°W / 36.39; -78.95 (Roxboro (Oct. 27, EF1)) 2013 0.5 miles (800 m) Several mobile homes were damaged, one of them severely. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.
EF1 Carr Orange 36.19°N 79.22°W / 36.19; -79.22 (Carr (Oct. 27, EF1)) 2130 2.5 miles (4.0 km) Two houses and a church sustained significant damage. Many trees were damaged.
EF0 E of Berea Granville 36.33°N 78.71°W / 36.33; -78.71 (Berea (Oct. 27, EF0)) 2215 5.25 miles (8.45 km) Several houses sustained minor damage and sheds and outbuildings were destroyed.
EF0 W of Middleburg Vance 36.38°N 78.38°W / 36.38; -78.38 (Middleburg (Oct. 27, EF0)) 2250 2.75 miles (4.43 km) A BP gas station and two houses sustained minor damage. Many trees were snapped and sheds and outbuildings were destroyed.
EF1 King (2nd tornado) Stokes 36.26°N 80.36°W / 36.26; -80.36 (King (Oct. 27, EF1)) 2305 0.75 miles (1.21 km) Second tornado hit King 20 hours after the first one. About 25 houses were damaged, some of which had roofs blown off. Numerous trees were snapped.
Sources: NWS Wakefield #1, #2, NWS Blacksburg, NWS Raleigh

See also

References

  1. "NCDC Storm Database". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Archived from the original on 6 May 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  2. Gerhardt, Mary Beth (October 26, 2010). "STORM SUMMARY NUMBER 4 FOR MIDWEST HIGH WIND EVENT". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC). Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  3. "Oct 26, 2010 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center (SPC). October 26, 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  4. "Pressure Records: The October 26–27, 2010 Significant Extratropical Cyclone". National Weather Service.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2010-10-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Severe weather: monster storm batters Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio". 26 October 2010 via Christian Science Monitor.
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2010-12-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. "Strong Extratropical Cyclone Over the US Midwest". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 29 October 2010.
  9. "Tornadoes Break Out from Wisconsin to Ohio, Kentucky". www.accuweather.com.
  10. http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20101101.gif
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