Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d͡ʑ⟩, ⟨d͜ʑ⟩, ⟨ɟ͡ʑ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʑ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_z\ and J\_z\, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨ɟ⟩ (J\ in X-SAMPA) is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨dʑ⟩ or ⟨ɟʑ⟩ in the IPA and dz\ or J\z\ in X-SAMPA.

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
dʑ
ɟʑ
IPA Number216
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʥ
Unicode (hex)U+02A5
X-SAMPAd_z\
Audio sample
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Neither [d] nor [ɟ] are a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as [d̠ʲ] (retracted and palatalized [d]), [ɟ̟] or [ɟ˖] (both symbols denote an advanced [ɟ]). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_-' or d_-_j and J\_+, respectively. There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨ȡ⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include [d̠ʲʑ], [ɟ̟ʑ], [ɟ˖ʑ] and [ȡʑ].

This affricate used to have a dedicated symbol ⟨ʥ⟩, which was one of the six dedicated symbols for affricates in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the sibilant equivalent of voiced palatal affricate.

Features

Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:

  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

Occurrence
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Bengaliযখন[d͡ʑɔkʰon]'when'See Bengali phonology
Catalan[1]All dialectsmetge[ˈmedd͡ʑə]'doctor'See Catalan phonology
Valencianjoc[ˈd͡ʑɔk]'game'
ChineseSouthern Min日 / ji̍t[d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ]'sun'
Wu渠[d͡ʑy]'he/she/it'
IrishSome dialects[2][3][4]Dia[d͡ʑiə]'god'Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop /dʲ/ in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady.[2][3][4] See Irish phonology
Japanese知人 / chijin[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]'acquaintance'See Japanese phonology
Korean편지 / pyeonji[pʰjɘːnd͡ʑi]'letter'See Korean phonology
Polish[5]dźwięk[d͡ʑvjɛŋk] 'sound'See Polish phonology
RomanianBanat dialect[6]des[d͡ʑes]'frequent'Allophone of /d/ before front vowels. Corresponds to [d] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russianдочь бы[ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑ bɨ]'daughter would'Allophone of /t͡ɕ/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Sema[7]aji[à̠d͡ʑì]'blood'Possible allophone of /ʒ/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [ʑ ~ ʒ ~ d͡ʒ] instead.[7]
Serbo-Croatian[8][9]ђаво / đavo[d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː]'devil'Merges with /d͡ʒ/ in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Uzbek[10]
XumiLower[11][Hd͡ʑɐʔ]'water'
Upper[12][Hd͡ʑɜ]
Yiꐚ / jji[d͡ʑi˧]'bee'

See also

Notes
  1. Wheeler (2005:12)
  2. Mhac an Fhailigh (1968:36–37)
  3. Wagner (1959:9–10)
  4. de Búrca (1958:24–25)
  5. Jassem (2003:105)
  6. Pop (1938), p. 29.
  7. Teo (2014:23)
  8. Kordić (2006), p. 5.
  9. Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  10. Sjoberg (1963:12)
  11. Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
  12. Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

References
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169
  • de Búrca, Seán (1958), The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 0-901282-49-9
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968), The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 0-901282-02-2
  • Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
  • Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, 18, Bloomington: Indiana University
  • Teo, Amos B. (2014), A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
  • Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn (in Irish), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 1-85500-055-5
  • Wheeler, Max W (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7
  • Kordić, Snježana (2006), Serbo-Croatian, Languages of the World/Materials; 148, Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-161-1
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
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