Voiced palatal lateral fricative
The voiced palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʎ̝⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L_r.
| Voiced palatal lateral fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʎ̝ | |
| IPA Number | 157 429 |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | L_r |
It is not known to occur as a phoneme in any language, but it does occur as an allophone of /ʎ/ in Italian and Jebero.[1][2]
Features
Features of the voiced palatal lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italian | Many accents[1] | figlio | [ˈfiʎ̝ːo] | 'son' | Approximant [ʎ] in other accents. See Italian phonology |
| Jebero[2] | [iˈʎ̝apa] | 'shotgun' | Dentoalveolo-palatal. Occasional allophone of /ʎ/; only lightly fricated.[2] | ||
See also
Notes
- Ashby (2011:64): "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ], creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)."
- Valenzuela & Gussenhoven (2013), p. 101.
References
- Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0340928271
- Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2013), "Shiwilu (Jebero)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 97–106, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000370
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