Voiceless labiodental fricative

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.

Voiceless labiodental fricative
f
IPA Number128
Encoding
Entity (decimal)f
Unicode (hex)U+0066
X-SAMPAf
Braille
Audio sample
source · help
Voiceless labiodental approximant
ʋ̥
IPA Number150 402A
Encoding
X-SAMPAP_0

Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ʋ̥⟩. The distinction is not recognized by the International Phonetic Association.

Features

Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:

  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.

Occurrence
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Abkhazфы/fy[fə]'lightning'See Abkhaz phonology
Adygheтфы/tfy[tfə] 'five'Corresponds to [xʷ] in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian
Albanianfaqe[facɛ]'cheek'
ArabicModern Standard[1]ظرف‎/th'arf[ðˤɑrf]'envelope'See Arabic phonology
ArmenianEastern[2]ֆուտբոլ/futbol[fut̪bol] 'football'
Assameseবৰফ/borof[bɔɹɔf]'snow/ice'
Azeritüfəng[t̪y̆fæɲɟ]'ɡun'
Basquefin[fin]'thin'
Bengaliফুল/ful[ful]'flower'Allophone of /pʰ/. See Bengali phonology
Catalan[3]fase[ˈfazə]'phase'See Catalan phonology
Chechenфакс / faks[faks]'fax'
ChineseCantonese飛 / fēi[fei̯˥]'to fly'See Cantonese phonology
Mandarin飛 (traditional) / 飞(simplified) / fēi[feɪ̯˥]See Mandarin phonology
Copticϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ/ftoow[ftow]'four'
Czechfoukat[ˈfoʊ̯kat]'to blow'See Czech phonology
Dutch[4]fiets[fits]'bike'See Dutch phonology
EnglishAll dialectsfill[fɪɫ]'fill'See English phonology
Cockney[5]think[fɪŋk]'think'Socially marked,[6] with speakers exhibiting some free variation with [θ] (with which it corresponds to in other dialects).[7] See th-fronting.
Many British urban dialects[8]
Some younger New Zealanders[9][10]
Broad South African[11]More common word-finally.
Indian South African[12] fair [ʋ̥eː] 'fair' Described as an approximant. Corresponds to /f/ in other accents.
Esperantofajro[ˈfajɾo]'fire'See Esperanto phonology
Ewe[13]eflen[éflé̃]'he spit off'
French[14]fabuleuse[fäbyˈløːz̪]'fabulous'See French phonology
Galicianfaísca[faˈiska]'spark'See Galician phonology
Germanfade[ˈfaːdə]'bland'See Standard German phonology
Goemai[fat]'to blow'
Greekφύση / fysī[ˈfisi]'nature'See Modern Greek phonology
Gujaratiફળ / faļ[fəɭ]'fruit'See Gujarati phonology
Hebrewסופר‎/sofer[so̞fe̞ʁ]'writer'See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustaniसाफ़ / صاف‎/saaf[sɑːf]'clean'See Hindustani phonology
Hungarianfigyel[ˈfiɟɛl]'he/she pays attention'See Hungarian phonology
Indonesianvandalisme[fandalismə]'vandalism'See Indonesian phonology
Italianfantasma[fän̪ˈt̪äzmä]'ghost'See Italian phonology
Kabardianфыз/fyz[fəz]'woman'Corresponds to [ʂʷ] in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian
Kabyleafus[afus]'hand'
Macedonianфонетика/fonetika[fɔnetika]'phonetics'See Macedonian phonology
Malayferi[feri]'ferry'Only occurs in loanwords
Maltesefenek[fenek]'rabbit'
Norwegianfilter[filtɛɾ]'filter'See Norwegian phonology
Persianفکر/fekr[fekr]'thought'
Polish[15]futro[ˈfut̪rɔ] 'fur'See Polish phonology
Portuguese[16]fala[ˈfalɐ]'speech'See Portuguese phonology
Punjabiਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī[fɔːd͡ʒi]'soldier'
Romanian[17]foc[fo̞k]'fire'See Romanian phonology
Russian[18]орфография/orfografiya[ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə]'orthography'Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[19]фаза / faza[fǎːz̪ä]'phase'See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovakfúkať[ˈfu̞ːkäc̟]'to blow'See Slovak phonology
Somalifeex[fɛħ]'wart'See Somali phonology
Spanish[20]fantasma[fã̠n̪ˈt̪a̠zma̠]'ghost'See Spanish phonology
Swahilikufa[kufɑ]'to die'
Swedishfisk[ˈfɪsk]'fish'See Swedish phonology
Thaiฝน/fon[fon˩˩˦]'rain'
Turkishsaf[säf]'pure'See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian[21]Фастів/fastiv[ˈfɑsʲtʲiw]'Fastiv'See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese[22]pháo[faːw˧ˀ˥]'firecracker'See Vietnamese phonology
Welshffon[fɔn]'stick'See Welsh phonology
West Frisianfol[foɫ]'full'See West Frisian phonology
Yiꃚ / fu[fu˧]'roast'
ZapotecTilquiapan[23]cafe[kafɘ]'coffee'Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish

See also

Notes
  1. Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
  3. Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  5. Wells (1982), p. 328.
  6. Altendorf (1999), p. 7.
  7. Clark & Trousdale (2010), p. 309.
  8. Britain (2005), p. 1005.
  9. Wood (2003), p. 50.
  10. Gordon & Maclagan (2008), p. 74.
  11. Bowerman (2004), p. 939.
  12. Mesthrie (2004), p. 960.
  13. Ladefoged (2005:156)
  14. Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  15. Jassem (2003:103)
  16. Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  17. DEX Online :
  18. Padgett (2003:42)
  19. Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  20. Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  21. Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  22. Thompson (1959:458–461)
  23. Merrill (2008:109)

References
  • Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic (2004), "The dialects in the South of England: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 181–196, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Britain, David (2005), "Innovation diffusion: "Estuary English" and local dialect differentiation: The survival of Fenland Englishes", Linguistics, 43 (5): 995–1022, doi:10.1515/ling.2005.43.5.995, S2CID 144652354
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
  • Clark, Lynn; Trousdale, Graeme (2010), "A cognitive approach to quantitative sociolinguistic variation: Evidence from th-fronting in Central Scotland", in Geeraerts, Dirk; Kristiansen, Gitte; Peirsman, Yves (eds.), Advances in Cognitive Linguistics, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-022645-4
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
  • Danylenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
  • Gordon, Elizabeth; Maclagan, Margaret (2008), "Regional and social differences in New Zealand: Phonology", in Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd (eds.), Varieties of English, 3: The Pacific and Australasia, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 64–76, ISBN 978-3110208412
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Mesthrie, Rajend (2004), "Indian South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 953–963, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
  • Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English, 2: The British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24224-X
  • Wood, Elizabeth (2003), "TH-fronting: The substitution of f/v for θ/ð in New Zealand English", New Zealand English Journal, 17: 50–56
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
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