Borders of India

India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, [[Nepal] and Pakistan in the north or north-west, and with Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east. India also shares maritime borders with Sri Lanka.[1]

Myanmar, Pakistan, Bangladesh are the countries that shares land borders as well as water borders.

Land borders of India

Land Border Country Length (m) and (mi)[2] Force Comments
Bangladesh4,096 kilometres (2,545 mi)Border Security ForceMost India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged in 2015.
Bhutan578 kilometres (359 mi)[3]Sashastra Seema BalOpen border
China3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi)Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier ForceAlso see McMahon Line.
Myanmar1,458 kilometres (906 mi)Assam Rifles and Indian ArmyAlso see India-Myanmar barrier
Nepal1,752 kilometres (1,089 mi)[4]Sashastra Seema BalOpen border.
Pakistan3,310 kilometres (2,060 mi)Border Security ForceAlso see Radcliffe Line, Operation Meghdoot and Sir Creek.
Afghanistan106 kilometres (66 mi)Border Security ForceSource MHA.
Sri Lanka0.1 kilometres (0.062 mi)Border Security ForceAlso see Adam's Bridge.

Maritime borders of India


See also: Exclusive economic zone of India

Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial maritime zone and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7,000-kilometre (4,300 mi) maritime border shared with seven nations.

Maritime Border Country Length (km) and (mi)[2] Force Comments
BangladeshIndian NavyNew Moore Island
IndonesiaIndian NavyIndira Point
MyanmarIndian NavyCoco Islands
PakistanIndian NavySir Creek
ThailandIndian NavySimilan Islands
Sri Lanka>400 kilometres (250 mi)[5]Indian NavyKatchatheevu
MaldivesIndian NavyMaliku Kandu

Designated crossings with ICP & LCS

The map of ICP and LCS.

Integrated Check Posts (ICP)

India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of ₹3,000 crore (US$420 million) (c. Oct 2017).[6][7] Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:[8]

India–Bangladesh border

India-Bhutan border

India–Myanmar border

India-Nepal border

India–Pakistan border

See also: Transport between India and Pakistan

Land Customs Stations (LCS)

India–Bangladesh border

Designated Land Customs Stations (LCS) are (no immigration facilities):[18]

India–Pakistan border

Border bazaars and haats

This proposed list of border bazaars and haats is in varying stages of implementation, as suggested by State Governments to the Ministry of External Affairs for setting up Border Haats.[8]

India–Myanmar border

As of April 2012, India and Myanmar have approved two locations – Pangsau Pass, Arunachal Pradesh and Somrai in Ukhrul District. These are likely to be finalised soon during a forthcoming visit of Hon’ble Prime Minister to Myanmar.[21]

  • Arunachal Pradesh Border Haats
    • Pangsau Pass (Nampong), Changlang - Pangsau, Kachin Province
    • Chingsa (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Langhong, Kachin Province
    • Makantong (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Ngaimong, Kachin Province
    • Wakka/Pongchao/Lazu - Tirap, Kachin Province
  • Manipur Border Haats
    • Kongkan Thana, Ukhrul - Aungci Suggested by State Government
    • New Somtal, Chandel - Thenjen, or Khampat
    • Behiang, Churachandpur - Khenman, or Chikha
  • Mizoram Border Haats
    • Hruitezawl, Lawngtlai - Varang
    • Hnahlan, Champhai - Darkhai
    • Vaphai, Champhai - Leilet
    • Chakhang, Saiha - Nviaphia
  • Nagaland Border Haats
    • Avakhung, Phek - Layshi are 32 km from each other
    • Pangsha, Tuensang - Lahe/Hkamti District HQ are 60 km from each other
    • Chemoho/Longwa, Mon - Lahe are 60 km from each other
    • Molhe, Phek - Pansat are 10 km from each other

India–Bangladesh border
  • Meghalaya
    • Kalaichar, West Garo Hills
    • Balat, West Khasi Hills
  • Mizoram
    • Marpara, Mamit - Longkor
    • Sillsury, Lunglei - Mahmuam
    • Tuipuibari, Mamit - Not provided
    • Nunsuri, Lunglei - Not provided
  • Tripura: Decision on Tripura Haats will be subsequent to the completion of agreement w.r.t. Meghalaya Haats.
    • Kamalasagar, West Tripura
    • Boxanagar
    • Bamutia
    • Srinagar, South Tripura
    • Ekimpur
    • Pal Basti (Raghna), North Tripura
    • Hiracherra (Kailasahar)
    • Kamalpur, Dhalai

Pradeep Damodaran's book "Borderlands: travels across India's boundaries" chronicles all land borders of India.[22] The bollywood director J. P. Dutta has specialised in making Hindi movies with India's border as key element of the theme, his movies are Border (1997 film), Refugee (2000 film), LOC: Kargil, Paltan (film), etc.[23]

See also
India related
General
Lists

References
  1. "Neighbouring Countries of India 2020: Map, Capitals, Connected States". www.careerpower.in.
  2. "HugeDomains.com - ejyoti.com is for sale (ejyoti)". www.hugedomains.com. Cite uses generic title (help)
  3. SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border, Times of India, 20 Dec 2017.
  4. "doklam: SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border | India News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  5. "India-Sri Lanka fishing rights dispute". Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  6. , Indian Express, Oct 2017.
  7. "India plans to construct 7 integrated check posts on border with Bangladesh". Dhaka Tribune. October 18, 2017.
  8. "Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, North East India". mdoner.gov.in.
  9. Dawki ICP foundation stone laid.
  10. India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Business Line.
  11. "12th Five Year Plan".
  12. Delhi approves Sutarkandi integrated check post along Indo-Bangla border, North East News, 7 Jan 2019.
  13. Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan border to have more ICP, Oct 2016.
  14. India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Times of India, 1 Oct 2o17.
  15. $107 Million World Bank Project to Connect Mizoram with Bangladesh and Myanmar via Roads, World Bank.
  16. India's north east opened up, PowerUpConstruction.Com
  17. "सीतामढ़ी के भिठ्ठामोड़ में भारत-नेपाल सीमा के नो-मेंस लैंड पर बनेगा इंटीग्रेटेड चेकपोस्ट". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  18. ICP and LCS
  19. "Tripura opens new land customs station along Bangladesh border". bdnews24.com.
  20. "India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh". @businessline.
  21. Border haats of India
  22. What will you see if you visit the precise point where India ends and Sri Lanka begins?, Scroll.in, 1 March 2017.
  23. Adrian M. Athique, 2010, A Line in the Sand: The India–Pakistan Border in the Films of J.P. Dutta, Centre for Critical and Cultural Studies, University of Queensland, Pages 472-499.

Further reading
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