Timeline of Canadian elections

This article provides a timeline of elections in Canada, including all the provincial, territorial and federal elections. The information starts from when each province was formed or entered the Confederation, and continues through to the present day.

About the tables

The background colour indicates which party won the election. Several provinces held elections before joining Canada, but only their post-Confederation elections are shown. These include:

Lower Canada held 15 elections for its Legislative Assembly, from 1792 to 1835;
Upper Canada held 13 elections to its Legislative Assembly, from 1792 to 1836;
the Province of Canada held 8 elections for its Legislative Assembly from 1841 to 1863;
New Brunswick's first 21 elections, beginning in 1785 (the 21st Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick was elected in 1866, one year before Confederation, and continued until 1870, three years after Confederation);
Nova Scotia's first 22 elections, beginning in 1758;
Prince Edward Island's first 25 elections, beginning in 1773; and
Newfoundland's first 29 elections, beginning in 1832.

The most recent election is shown with a box limited to five years of government, as this is the maximum length of office, as set by the constitution. However, elections can be called at any time by an incumbent government. The federal government, nine provinces, and one territory have changed to fixed election dates every four years. For these legislatures, the box is shown as running until the next scheduled election, but one could still be earlier if the government falls due to a motion of no confidence. Nova Scotia and Yukon do not have fixed election dates in this matter.

Colour	Party	Colour	Party
	Pre-Confederation		British Columbia Social Credit
	British Columbia Liberal		Parti Québécois
	Liberal Party		Progressive Conservatives, historical Conservatives, and Yukon Party
	NDP
	CCF		Conservative Party
	Alberta Social Credit		Union Nationale
	United Farmers		Alberta Progressive Conservative
	Saskatchewan Party		Coalition Avenir Québec
	Coalition		Nonpartisan, and consensus government

1867–1897

Year	BC	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NT	Federal
1867			1st [lower-alpha 1]	1st	1st [lower-alpha 2]	1st			1st
1868
1869
1870		1st			2nd			(Temp. Council)
1871	1st		2nd	2nd		2nd
1872									2nd
1873							26th		2nd
1874		2nd			3rd	3rd			3rd
1875	2nd		3rd	3rd
1876							27th	(First Council)
1877
1878	3rd	3rd		4th [lower-alpha 3]	4th	4th			4th
1879		4th	4th				28th
1880
1881				5th
1882	4th				5th	5th	29th		5th
1883		5th	5th
1884
1885
1886	5th	6th	6th	6th	6th	6th	30th
1887		6th							6th
1888		7th						1st
1889
1890	6th		7th	7th	7th	7th	31st [lower-alpha 4]
1891				7th	7th			2nd	7th
1892		8th		8th	8th
1893							32nd
1894	7th		8th			8th		3rd
1895					9th
1896		9th							8th
1897		9th		9th		9th	33rd		8th
Year	BC	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NT	Federal

1898–1948

Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	YU	NT	Federal

1898	8th				9th					N/A [lower-alpha 5]	4th
1899	8th			10th			10th			N/A [lower-alpha 5]
1900	9th					10th			34th	1st		9th
1901								10th
1902					10th						5th
1903	10th			11th			11th			2nd
1904						11th			35th	2nd		10th
1905		1st	1st		11th					3rd	(Second Council)
1906								11th		3rd
1907	11th			12th						4th
1908	11th		2nd		12th	12th	12th		36th	4th		11th
1909	12th	2nd								5th
1910				13th
1911					13th			12th				12th
1912	13th		3rd			13th	13th		37th	6th
1913		3rd
1914				14th	14th
1915				15th					38th	7th
1916	14th					14th		13th		7th
1917		4th	4th				14th			8th		13th
1918
1919					15th	15th			39th
1920	15th			16th			15th	14th		9th
1921		5th	5th	16th						9th		14th
1922				17th						10th
1923					16th	16th			40th
1924	16th
1925			6th				16th	15th		11th		15th[lower-alpha 6]
1926		6th			17th							16th
1927				18th		17th			41st
1928	17th							16th		12th
1929			7th [lower-alpha 7]		18th
1930		7th					17th					17th
1931						18th			42nd	13th
1932				19th
1933	18th							17th
1934			8th		19th					14th
1935		8th				19th	18th		43rd			18th
1936				20th		20th
1937	19th				20th			18th		15th
1938			9th
1939						21st	19th		44th
1940		9th								16th		19th
1941	20th [lower-alpha 8]			21st				19th
1942
1943					21st				45th
1944		10th	10th		21st	22nd	20th			17th
1945	21st [lower-alpha 8]			22nd	22nd			20th				20th
1946
1947									46th	18th
1948		11th	11th		23rd	23rd	21st		46th	18th
Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	YU	NT	Federal

1949–1998

Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NF	YU	NT	Federal

1949	22nd [lower-alpha 8]			23rd				21st		30th	19th		21st
1950										30th
1951					24th				47th	31st		6th
1952	23rd	12th	12th			24th	22nd				20th
1953	24th			24th				22nd					22nd
1954												7th
1955		13th			25th				48th		21st
1956	25th		13th			25th	23rd	23rd		32nd
1957												8th	23rd
1958				25th							22nd		24th
1959		14th		26th	26th				49th	33rd
1960	26th		14th			26th	24th	24th				9th
1961						26th					23rd
1962				27th		27th			50th	34th			25th
1963	27th	15th			27th		25th	25th					26th
1964			15th								24th	10th	26th
1965													27th
1966	28th			28th		28th			51st	35th
1967		16th	16th		28th		26th	26th			25th	11th
1968													28th
1969	29th			29th
1970						29th	27th	27th	52nd		26th	12th
1971		17th	17th		29th					36th
1972	30th									37th			29th
1973				30th		30th							29th
1974							28th	28th	53rd		27th		30th
1975	31st	18th	18th		30th					38th		13th
1976					30th	31st
1977				31st	31st
1978			19th				29th	29th	54th		28th
1979	32nd	19th							55th	39th		14th	31st
1980													32nd
1981				32nd	32nd	32nd		30th
1982		20th	20th				30th		56th	40th	29th
1983	33rd											15th
1984								31st					33rd
1985					33rd	33rd				41st	30th
1986	34th	21st	21st	33rd	33rd				57th
1987				33rd	34th		31st					16th
1988				34th				32nd					34th
1989		22nd		34th		34th			58th	42nd	31st
1990				35th	35th
1991	35th		22nd				32nd					17th
1992											32nd
1993		23rd						33rd	59th	43rd			35th
1994						35th
1995			23rd	36th	36th		33rd					18th
1996	36th								60th	44th	33rd
1997		24th											36th
1998		24th				36th		34th					36th
Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NF	YU	NT	Federal

1999–present

Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NL	YU	NT	NU	Federal

1999			24th [lower-alpha 9]	37th	37th		34th	35th		45th		19th	1st
2000									61st		34th			37th
2001	37th	25th									34th
2002											35th
2003			25th	38th	38th	37th	35th	36th	62nd	46th		20th
2004		26th											2nd	38th
2005	38th													38th
2006							36th	37th			36th			39th
2007			26th	39th	39th	38th			63rd	47th		21st		39th
2008		27th				39th							3rd	40th
2009	39th							38th
2010							37th
2011			27th	40th	40th				64th	48th	37th	22nd		41st
2012		28th				40th
2013	40th					40th		39th					4th
2014					41st	41st	38th
2015		29th							65th	49th		23rd		42nd
2016			28th	41st							38th [lower-alpha 10]
2017	41st							40th [lower-alpha 10]					5th
2018					42nd	42nd	39th
2019		30th		42nd			39th		66th	50th		24th		43rd
2020	42nd		29th				40th			50th
2021										next	next		next
2022					next	next		next
2023		next		next					next			next		next
2024	next		next				next
Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NL	YU	NT	NU	Federal

Notes

Coalition between Conservative and Liberal parties (who won 41 out of 82 seats each).
The first New Brunswick general election was held pre-confederation and is not technically a Canadian election.
Power went back and forth a few times surrounding the 1878 election. For most of that legislature, the Liberals controlled a minority parliament with the support of some Conservative members.
Conservative and Liberal parties won 15 seats each (out of 30).
Although Yukon was created in 1898, the Territorial Council was wholly appointed from 1898 to 1900.
The Conservative party won the most seats, but the Liberal party maintained power with support from the Progressive party without forming an official coalition. Partway through the 15th Parliament the Conservative Party took control of government, but was not able to obtain the confidence of the House. See King–Byng Affair.
The Liberal party won the most seats, but lost a motion of no-confidence shortly after the election resulting in a coalition between the Conservative and Progressive parties.
Coalition between Liberal and Conservative parties.
Coalition between NDP and Liberal Party.
Nova Scotia and Yukon are shown with a box limited to five years of government, as this is the maximum length of office, as set by the constitution.

Summary

The table below shows how many elections each party has won in each province and territory. The Northwest Territories and Nunavut use consensus government, which means there are no political parties. Of forty-two federal elections, twenty-three have been won by the Liberals, and eighteen by the Conservatives.

Party		BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NL	YU	NT	NU	Total
	Liberal	9	4	10	11	17	24	12	25	23	12	2	0	0	146
	(Progressive) Conservative	5	13	2	18	22	5	11	14	17	9	2	1	0	118
	Non-partisan	9	0	0	3	0	0	16[lower-alpha 1]	0	0	0	27	23	5	83
	NDP	5	1	7	8	1	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	0	25
	Social Credit	11	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20
	Coalition	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	6
	United Farmers	0	3	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6
	Union Nationale	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6
	Parti Québécois	-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5
	CCF	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5
	Yukon Party	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	4
	Saskatchewan Party	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3
	CAQ	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Total		41	30	28	42	42	42	37	40	40	21	38	24	5	429

Although the 1st NB election is shown in the main table, it took place a year before NB entered the Canadian Confederation. As such it was not a Canadian election, and is thus excluded from this table.

References

British Columbia: Government of British Columbia. "Important Dates in BC Election History". Electoral History of British Columbia. Elections BC. Retrieved October 7, 2008.; Government of British Columbia. "1871-1986" (PDF). Electoral History of British Columbia. Elections BC. Retrieved November 8, 2010.; Government of British Columbia (2002). "1987-2001 Supplement" (PDF). Electoral History of British Columbia. Elections BC. Retrieved October 7, 2008.; Government of British Columbia. "Statement of Votes" (PDF). 38th Provincial General Election. Elections BC. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2008.; Government of British Columbia. "Statement of Votes" (PDF). 39th Provincial General Election. Elections BC. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
Alberta: Government of Alberta. "Candidate Summary of Results (General Elections 1905-2004)". Comparative Statistics. Elections Alberta. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006.; Government of Alberta. "Electoral Summary: 1905 - 2004". Comparative Statistics. Elections Alberta. Archived from the original on October 5, 2006. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
Saskatchewan: Government of Saskatchewan. "Provincial Vote Summaries". Historical. Elections Saskatchewan. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2006.

Manitoba: Government of Manitoba (2007). "Historical Summaries" (PDF). Elections Manitoba. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
Ontario: Government of Ontario. "Composition Of Legislature Following Ontario General Elections". Elections Ontario. Archived from the original on December 10, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
Quebec: "Élections". QuébecPolitique.com. Retrieved December 16, 2006.; "Les premiers ministres du Québec depuis 1867". National Assembly of Quebec (in French). Retrieved February 14, 2012.
New Brunswick: "New Brunswick Votes 2006". CBC.ca. Retrieved December 23, 2006. (results back to 1956); Doyle, Arthur T. (1984). Elections in New Brunswick, 1784-1984. Fredericton: Brunswick Press. ISBN 0-88838-391-6.
Nova Scotia: Government of Nova Scotia. "Election Summary From 1867 - 2006" (PDF). Elections Statistics. Elections Nova Scotia. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
Prince Edward Island: "Historical Election Dates". Elections PEI. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
Newfoundland and Labrador: "General Election Statistics (1949-1999)". Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original on September 26, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.; Wayne Green. "Report on the 2003 General Election" (PDF). Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2008.; Paul Reynolds. "October 9, 2007 Provincial General Election Report" (PDF). Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
Yukon: "Election Results". Election Almanac. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2009. (Results back to 1974); "General Elections". Elections Yukon. Retrieved December 2, 2006. (Dates of all elections); Donald Taylor. "The Yukon Legislative Assembly". Canadian Parliamentary Review. Retrieved December 23, 2006. (Non-partisan nature of Legislative Assembly before 1974)
Northwest Territories: "History of Northwest Territories in Confederation". Collections Canada. Archived from the original on October 13, 2006. Retrieved December 19, 2006.; "History of the Northwest Territories". Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on July 14, 2006. Retrieved December 19, 2006.; "Election Results and Dates 1876 - 1905" (PDF). Saskatchewan Archives. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2006.; "Councils and Assemblies". Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2006. (1951 to date)
Nunavut: "Nunavut Election '99 - Results". CBC Radio. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2006.; "Nunavut Votes 2004". CBC News. Retrieved December 1, 2006.
Federal: "History of Federal Ridings since 1867". Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2006.

External links

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[1] Coalition between Conservative and Liberal parties (who won 41 out of 82 seats each).

[2] The first New Brunswick general election was held pre-confederation and is not technically a Canadian election.

[3] Power went back and forth a few times surrounding the 1878 election. For most of that legislature, the Liberals controlled a minority parliament with the support of some Conservative members.

[4] Conservative and Liberal parties won 15 seats each (out of 30).

[5] Although Yukon was created in 1898, the Territorial Council was wholly appointed from 1898 to 1900.

[6] The Conservative party won the most seats, but the Liberal party maintained power with support from the Progressive party without forming an official coalition. Partway through the 15th Parliament the Conservative Party took control of government, but was not able to obtain the confidence of the House. See King–Byng Affair.

[7] The Liberal party won the most seats, but lost a motion of no-confidence shortly after the election resulting in a coalition between the Conservative and Progressive parties.

[BC1941-8] Coalition between Liberal and Conservative parties.

[SK-1999-9] Coalition between NDP and Liberal Party.

[Next-10] Nova Scotia and Yukon are shown with a box limited to five years of government, as this is the maximum length of office, as set by the constitution.

[11] Although the 1st NB election is shown in the main table, it took place a year before NB entered the Canadian Confederation. As such it was not a Canadian election, and is thus excluded from this table.

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