Jarrakan languages
The Jarrakan (formerly Djeragan) languages are a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. The name is derived from the word jarrak, which means "language" in Kija.
| Jarrakan | |
|---|---|
| Djeragan | |
| Geographic distribution | from Halls Creek to Wyndham and Kununurra along the Ord River in the eastern Kimberley region |
| Linguistic classification | One of the world's primary language families |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | jarr1235 |
 Jarrakan languages (purple), among other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey) | |
The three main Jarrakan languages are:
- Kija (about 160 speakers)
- Miriwoongic
- Miriwoong (about 150 speakers)
- Gajirrawoong (three or four speakers)
These are divided into two groups: Kijic, consisting of only Kija, and Miriwoongic, consisting of Miriwoong and Gajirrawoong; Dixon (2002) considers the latter to be a single language.
Doolboong may also have been a Jarrakan language, but this uncertain as it is extinct and essentially unattested.
Vocabulary
Capell (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items:[1]
gloss Gidja Guluwarin Miriwun Gadjerong man djiːlin djiɣilin djawalaŋ djɔːmaŋ woman ŋaːlil ŋaːlil gawilaŋ gabilaŋ head guŋgulïn dumun gaminduŋ guɽunjuŋ eye muːlu mɔːla mɔːl moːl nose manil njiganïn njumbur njumbur mouth ḏuwundïn ḏuwundïn ḏalala ḏabandaṉ tongue ḏalalan ḏalalan ḏalala ḏalalaŋ stomach djaːm daɽwun galdjän raːriːŋ bone gwïdji daːlïn jaːriŋ jaːriŋ blood gjauəlïn gjauldji garŋan guŋulu kangaroo djiːriṉ djiriṉ djiːriŋ djiːriŋ opossum laŋguṉ naŋguṉ guman guman emu wanjäbal madjugul madjuguŋ crow waŋgaɳa wɔŋgaral waŋgariŋ waŋgadiŋ fly buɳul wurŋäl ŋurin ŋurin sun baːndil baːndil gaŋiriṉ baːndiṉ moon gaɳgiṉ gaɳgiṉ gangiŋ gaɳgiŋ fire maɳiṉ gidjauəlïn gadjaːwilaŋ maːnuŋ smoke wangiṉ dulubgari ḏuŋgi ḏuŋgiṉ water guːɭiṉ goːliṉ gäluŋ gaːbuŋ
References
- Capell, Arthur. 1940. The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia. Oceania 10(3): 241-272, 404-433. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x
- McGregor, William (2004). The Languages of the Kimberley, Western Australia. London, New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 40.
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