List of oldest living state leaders

This article lists the 100 oldest living current or former state leaders whose age can be demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. State leaders are defined to include heads of state (including representatives who act in their stead, generally a governor-general), heads of government and internationally recognized de facto leaders[lower-greek 1] of sovereign states with significant international recognition. Leaders are not included if no reliable secondary sources have confirmed that the leader is alive within the last 10 years. The oldest living former state leader is Mustafa Ben Halim of the Kingdom of Libya at the age of 100 years, 11 days. Leaders currently in office are in bold on purple, with Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom[lower-greek 2] being the oldest currently serving head of state.

Gallery

Oldest living:
Mustafa Ben Halim
served 1954–1957
2nd-oldest living:
Francisco Morales Bermúdez
served 1975–1980
3rd-oldest living:
Luis Echeverría
served 1970–1976
Oldest living incumbent and 17th-oldest living:
Elizabeth II
serving 1952–present

List

Currently in office

No.	Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
1	Mustafa Ben Halim	Libya	Prime Minister (1954–1957)	29 January 1921	100 years, 11 days	2020-05-11[2]
2	Francisco Morales Bermúdez	Peru	Prime Minister (1975) President (1975–1980)	4 October 1921	99 years, 128 days	2020-11-02[3]
3	Luis Echeverría	Mexico	President (1970–1976)	17 January 1922	99 years, 23 days	2021-01-17[4]
4	Khamtai Siphandon	Laos	Prime Minister (1991–1998) Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006) President (1998–2006)	8 February 1924	97 years, 1 day	2020-12-02[5]
5	Tomiichi Murayama	Japan	Prime Minister (1994–1996)	3 March 1924	96 years, 343 days	2020-08-15[6]
6	Kenneth Kaunda	Zambia	State President (1964–1991) President of the United National Independence Party (1973–1990)	28 April 1924	96 years, 287 days	2020-12-19[7]
7	Jimmy Carter	United States	President (1977–1981)	1 October 1924	96 years, 131 days	2020-12-03[8]
8	Lubomír Štrougal	Czechoslovakia	Prime Minister (1970–1988)	19 October 1924	96 years, 113 days	2020-09-24[9]
9	Guillermo Rodriguez	Ecuador	President (1972–1976)	4 November 1924	96 years, 97 days	2020-02-27[10]
10	Ali Hassan Mwinyi	Tanzania	President (1985–1995) National Chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (1990–1992)	8 May 1925	95 years, 277 days	2020-07-29[11]
11	Giorgio Napolitano	Italy	President (2006–2015)	29 June 1925	95 years, 225 days	2020-11-18[12]
12	Mahathir Mohamad	Malaysia	Prime Minister (1981–2003; 2018–2020)	10 July 1925	95 years, 214 days	2020-12-02[13]
13	Yang Hyong-sop	North Korea	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1994–1998)	1 October 1925	95 years, 131 days	2019-04-10[14]
14	Arnaldo Forlani	Italy	Prime Minister (1980–1981)	8 December 1925	95 years, 63 days	2020-12-08[15]
15	Trần Thiện Khiêm	South Vietnam	Member of the Provisional Leadership Committee (1964) Prime Minister (1969–1975)	15 December 1925	95 years, 56 days	2020-02-06[16]
16	Abdelsalam al-Majali	Jordan	Prime Minister (1993–1995; 1997–1998)	18 February 1926	94 years, 357 days	2019-03-04[17]
17	Elizabeth II	United Kingdom	*Queen (1952–present)*[lower-greek 2]	21 April 1926	94 years, 294 days	2020-12-02[18]
18	Abdoulaye Wade	Senegal	President (2000–2012)	29 May 1926	94 years, 256 days	2020-12-01[19]
19	Jiang Zemin	China	General Secretary of the Communist Party (1989–2002) President (1993–2003)	17 August 1926	94 years, 176 days	2019-10-01[20]
20	Valdas Adamkus	Lithuania	President (1998–2003; 2004–2009)	3 November 1926	94 years, 98 days	2020-01-12[21]
21	Raif Dizdarević	Yugoslavia	President of the Presidency (1988–1989)	9 December 1926	94 years, 62 days	2020-10-02[22]
22	Thanin Kraivichien	Thailand	Prime Minister (1976–1977)	5 April 1927	93 years, 310 days	2020-12-05[23]
23	Benedict XVI	Vatican City	Pope and Sovereign (2005–2013)	16 April 1927	93 years, 299 days	2020-11-28[24]
24	Arturo Armando Molina	El Salvador	President (1972–1977)	6 August 1927	93 years, 187 days	2020-06-02[25]
25	Hans Modrow	East Germany	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1989–1990)	27 January 1928	93 years, 13 days	2020-09-01[26]
26	Ciriaco De Mita	Italy	Prime Minister (1988–1989)	2 February 1928	93 years, 7 days	2021-01-08[27]
27	Kim Yong-nam	North Korea	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1998–2019)	4 February 1928	93 years, 5 days	2019-04-13[28]
28	Arthur Dion Hanna	Bahamas	Governor-General (2006–2010)	7 March 1928	92 years, 339 days	2019-03-11[29]
29	Fidel Ramos	Philippines	President (1992–1998)	18 March 1928	92 years, 328 days	2020-05-02[30]
30	Arnold Rüütel	Estonia	Chairman of the Supreme Council (1991–1992) President (2001–2006)	10 May 1928	92 years, 275 days	2020-10-26[31]
31	Arthur Foulkes	Bahamas	Governor-General (2010–2014)	11 May 1928	92 years, 274 days	2020-01-16[32]
32	Enrique Bolaños	Nicaragua	President (2002–2007)	13 May 1928	92 years, 272 days	2020-10-27[33]
33	Balakh Sher Mazari	Pakistan	Acting Prime Minister (1993)	8 July 1928	92 years, 216 days	2019-04-25[34]
34	Péter Boross	Hungary	Prime Minister (1993–1994)	27 August 1928	92 years, 166 days	2020-10-26[35]
35	Kåre Willoch	Norway	Prime Minister (1981–1986)	3 October 1928	92 years, 129 days	2020-10-03[36]
36	Borisav Jović	Yugoslavia	President of the Presidency (1990–1991)	19 October 1928	92 years, 113 days	2019-08-01[37]
37	Zhu Rongji	China	Premier of the State Council (1998–2003)	23 October 1928	92 years, 109 days	2020-10-24[38]
38	Poul Schlüter	Denmark	Prime Minister (1982–1993)	3 April 1929	91 years, 312 days	2020-08-31[39]
39	Christos Sartzetakis	Greece	President (1985–1990)	6 April 1929	91 years, 309 days	2020-01-04[40]
40	Édouard Balladur	France	Prime Minister (1993–1995)	2 May 1929	91 years, 283 days	2020-10-24[41]
41	Sam Nujoma	Namibia	President (1990–2005)	12 May 1929	91 years, 273 days	2020-12-07[42]
42	Otar Patsatsia	Georgia	Prime Minister (1993–1995)	15 May 1929	91 years, 270 days	2019-05-15[43]
43	Karolos Papoulias	Greece	President (2005–2015)	4 June 1929	91 years, 250 days	2020-08-25[44]
44	Orville Turnquest	Bahamas	Governor-General (1995–2001)	19 July 1929	91 years, 205 days	2019-07-21[45]
45	Jamshid bin Abdullah	Zanzibar	Sultan (1963–1964)	16 September 1929	91 years, 146 days	2020-09-16[46]
46	Nikolai Ryzhkov	Soviet Union	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985–1991)	28 September 1929	91 years, 134 days	2020-09-29[47]
47	Mir Hazar Khan Khoso	Pakistan	Acting Prime Minister (2013)	30 September 1929	91 years, 132 days	2017-01-02[48]
48	Violeta Chamorro	Nicaragua	Member of the Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1980) President (1990–1997)	18 October 1929	91 years, 114 days	2020-08-31[49]
49	Muhammad Rafiq Tarar	Pakistan	President (1998–2001)	2 November 1929	91 years, 99 days	2020-08-10[50]
50	Gombojavyn Ochirbat	Mongolia	General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party (1990)	15 November 1929	91 years, 86 days	2019-11-26[51]
51	Alfred Moisiu	Albania	President (2002–2007)	1 December 1929	91 years, 70 days	2019-12-02[52]
52	Selim Hoss	Lebanon	President of the Council of Ministers (1976–1980; 1987–1990; 1998–2000) Acting President (1988–1989; 1989)	20 December 1929	91 years, 51 days	2020-11-17[53]
	Lee Hyun-jae	South Korea	Prime Minister (1988)			2019-01-14[54]
	Milan Panić	Yugoslavia	Federal Prime Minister (1992–1993)			2020-10-28[55]
55	Efraín Goldenberg	Peru	Prime Minister (1994–1995)	28 December 1929	91 years, 43 days	2018-03-02[56]
56	Ahmed Osman	Morocco	Prime Minister (1972–1979)	3 January 1930	91 years, 37 days	2019-09-27[57]
57	Shahabuddin Ahmed	Bangladesh	Acting President (1990–1991) President (1996–2001)	1 February 1930	91 years, 8 days	2018-01-12[58]
58	Ion Iliescu	Romania	Chairman of the National Salvation Front Council (1989–1990) President of the Provisional National Unity Council (1990) President (1990–1996; 2000–2004)	3 March 1930	90 years, 343 days	2021-01-10[59]
59	Anerood Jugnauth	Mauritius	Prime Minister (1982–1995; 2000–2003; 2014–2017) President (2003–2012)	29 March 1930	90 years, 317 days	2020-01-20[60]
60	Vigdís Finnbogadóttir	Iceland	President (1980–1996)	15 April 1930	90 years, 300 days	2020-11-11[61]
61	José Sarney	Brazil	President (1985–1990)	24 April 1930	90 years, 291 days	2021-01-12[62]
62	Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada	Bolivia	President (1993–1997; 2002–2003)	1 July 1930	90 years, 223 days	2020-11-14[63]
63	Carlos Menem	Argentina	President (1989–1999)	2 July 1930	90 years, 222 days	2020-12-16[64]
64	Ivy Dumont	Bahamas	Acting Governor-General (2001–2002) Governor-General (2002–2005)	2 October 1930	90 years, 130 days	2019-07-18[65]
65	Ivan Silayev	Soviet Union	Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee (1991)[lower-greek 3]	21 October 1930	90 years, 111 days	2015-07-13[66]
66	Mabandla Dlamini	Swaziland	Prime Minister (1979–1983)	11 November 1930	90 years, 90 days	2019-02-09[67]
67	Choe Yong-rim	North Korea	Premier (2010–2013)	20 November 1930	90 years, 81 days	2019-07-28[68]
68	Cesar Virata	Philippines	Prime Minister (1981–1986)	12 December 1930	90 years, 59 days	2020-04-15[69]
69	Toshiki Kaifu	Japan	Prime Minister (1989–1991)	2 January 1931	90 years, 38 days	2020-07-07[70]
70	William Deane	Australia	Governor-General (1996–2001)	4 January 1931	90 years, 36 days	2019-02-09[71]
70	Cleopa Msuya	Tanzania	Prime Minister (1980–1983; 1994–1995)	4 January 1931	90 years, 36 days	2020-10-22[72]
72	Chun Doo-hwan	South Korea	De facto Head of State (1979–1980) President (1980–1988)	18 January 1931	90 years, 22 days	2020-09-11[73]
73	Philip Greaves	Barbados	Acting Governor-General (2017–2018)	19 January 1931	90 years, 21 days	2019-05-08[74]
74	Dries van Agt	Netherlands	Prime Minister (1977–1982)	2 February 1931	90 years, 7 days	2021-02-02[75]
75	Isabel Martínez de Perón	Argentina	President (1974–1976)	4 February 1931	90 years, 5 days	2021-01-30[76]
76	Lamberto Dini	Italy	Prime Minister (1995–1996)	1 March 1931	89 years, 345 days	2020-10-07[77]
77	Mikhail Gorbachev	Soviet Union	General Secretary of the Communist Party (1985–1991) Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988–1989) Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1989–1990) President (1990–1991)	2 March 1931	89 years, 344 days	2021-01-11[78]
78	Elliott Belgrave	Barbados	Acting Governor-General (2011–2012) Governor-General (2012–2017)	16 March 1931	89 years, 330 days	2018-03-16[79]
79	Jean-Jacques Honorat	Haiti	Prime Minister (1991–1992)	1 April 1931	89 years, 314 days	2019-06-17[80]
80	Catherine Tizard	New Zealand	Governor-General (1990–1996)	4 April 1931	89 years, 311 days	2018-09-17[81]
81	James Fitz-Allen Mitchell	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Prime Minister (1984–2000)	15 May 1931	89 years, 270 days	2019-10-03[82]
82	Giorgos Vasiliou	Cyprus	President (1988–1993)	20 May 1931	89 years, 265 days	2019-10-04[83]
83	Raúl Castro	Cuba	President of the Council of State (2006–2018) President of the Council of Ministers (2006–2018) *First Secretary of the Communist Party (2011–present)*	3 June 1931	89 years, 251 days	2021-01-11[84]
84	Fernando Henrique Cardoso	Brazil	President (1995–2002)	18 June 1931	89 years, 236 days	2020-12-02[85]
85	Khieu Samphan	Kampuchea	Acting Prime Minister (1976) Chairman of the State Presidium (1976–1979)	28 July 1931	89 years, 196 days	2020-04-24[86]
86	Paulias Matane	Papua New Guinea	Governor-General (2004–2010)	21 September 1931	89 years, 141 days	2020-09-24[87]
87	Pié Masumbuko	Burundi	Acting Prime Minister (1965)	29 September 1931	89 years, 133 days	2019-05-18[88]
88	Michael Hardie Boys	New Zealand	Governor-General (1996–2001)	6 October 1931	89 years, 126 days	2012-07-14[89]
89	Mwai Kibaki	Kenya	President (2002–2013)	15 November 1931	89 years, 86 days	2020-11-15[90]
90	Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar	Bangladesh	Acting President (2002)	1 December 1931	89 years, 70 days	2020-03-24[91]
91	Javier Valle Riestra	Peru	Prime Minister (1998)	5 January 1932	89 years, 35 days	2020-10-15[92]
92	Carlyle Glean	Grenada	Governor-General (2008–2013)	11 February 1932	88 years, 364 days	2017-11-01[93]
93	Edmund Lawrence	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Governor-General (2013–2015)	14 February 1932	88 years, 361 days	2016-11-24[94]
94	Tang Fei	Taiwan	President of the Executive Yuan (2000)	15 March 1932	88 years, 331 days	2020-05-14[95]
95	Chavalit Yongchaiyudh	Thailand	Prime Minister (1996–1997)	15 May 1932	88 years, 270 days	2020-11-03[96]
96	Marguerite Pindling	Bahamas	Governor-General (2014–2019)	26 June 1932	88 years, 228 days	2019-06-20[97]
97	Anand Panyarachun	Thailand	Prime Minister (1991–1992; 1992)	9 August 1932	88 years, 184 days	2020-11-03[96]
98	Sirikit	Thailand	Regent (1956)	12 August 1932	88 years, 181 days	2020-08-12[98]
99	Gavril Dejeu	Romania	Acting Prime Minister (1998)	11 September 1932	88 years, 151 days	2020-12-11[99]
100	Manmohan Singh	India	Prime Minister (2004–2014)	26 September 1932	88 years, 136 days	2020-05-11[100]

Addendum

Uncertain date of birth

The following individual might be older than *#100–91* on this list, but his exact date of birth is uncertain.
Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
Abdul Rauf al-Kasm	Syria	Prime Minister (1980–1987)	1932	88 years, 40 days to 89 years, 39 days	2020-01-29[101]

Unclear status as state leaders

The following individuals are older than *#90–1* on this list, but their status as a state leader is unclear.[lower-greek 4]
Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
Josip Manolić	Croatia	Prime Minister (1990–1991)	22 March 1920	100 years, 324 days	2020-11-02[102]
Kim Yong-ju	North Korea	Vice president during vacancy (1994–1998)	21 September 1920	100 years, 141 days	2018-05-23[103]
Mohammad Hasan Sharq	Afghanistan	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988–1989)	17 July 1925	95 years, 207 days	2016-08-30[104]
Eduardo Martínez Somalo[lower-greek 5]	Vatican City	Acting sovereign (2005)	31 March 1927	93 years, 315 days	2019-10-23[105]
Angelo Sodano[lower-greek 5]	Vatican City	Cardinal Secretary of State (1991–2006) Dean of the College of Cardinals during vacancy (2013)	23 November 1927	93 years, 78 days	2019-12-21[106]
Nicola Mancino	Italy	President of the Senate acting as head of state (1999)	15 October 1931	89 years, 117 days	2020-10-15[107]

Notes

Including but not limited to Prime Ministers of Peru, recognized as heads of government by the United Nations[1] and party leaders of single-party states.
In 1952, Princess Elizabeth acceded as the monarch of seven Commonwealth realms. She currently reigns as Queen of 16 sovereign states including the United Kingdom. From 1957 to 1983, most of her British colonies attained independence, and some joined the other realms in different years; most states ceased to be a realm upon becoming republics.
The office of Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee existed from 5 September 1991 to 26 December 1991. On 6 September 1991 a presidential decree by Mikhail Gorbachev temporarily gave the IEC the same authority as the Cabinet of Ministers, and Silayev became the Soviet Union's de facto Premier.
They were either members of collective presidencies without a clear leader, interim leaders, de facto leaders, widely recognised leaders whose true power was limited or leaders of political entities whose status as sovereign states was unclear or disputed.
Cardinal of the Catholic Church.

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"Anerood Jugnauth: named for Padma Vibhushan". outlookindia.com. January 20, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
"Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Awarded at Women Leaders Forum". icelandreview. 11 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
""Trump passou a ser o Bin Laden do American Dream", diz ex-presidente José Sarney". Jornal Opção (in Portuguese). 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
"La justicia arrastra tres juicios de responsabilidades". Correo del Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-12-02.
"Former President Carlos Menem was urgently admitted". www.explica.co. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
"Governor General Hosts Luncheon in Honour of Former Governors General". Retrieved 16 February 2020.
"Герой: Силаев Иван Степанович". er.ru (in Russian). July 13, 2015.
"HMCS bids farewell to Hillary, two ex-deputies". pressreader.com. February 9, 2019.
"北김정은, 6·25전사자묘 참배…공연엔 김여정·최선희 대동(종합2보)". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). July 28, 2019.
"Former finance chief Cesar Virata discharged after stroke, COVID-19 treatment". news.abs-cbn.com. April 15, 2020.
Hernandez, Carlos (July 7, 2020). "Remembering the G7 Summit held at Rice University 30 years ago". www.click2houston.com. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
Worboys, Jessica (February 10, 2019). "Gunnedah's ready to celebrate its seniors | Flashback Gallery". Namoi Valley Independent.
Shekighenda, Lydia (2020-10-23). "Tanzania: Magufuli Deserves Re-Election, Says Msuya". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
"'전두환 재판 법정도 거리두기'…방청 인원 50명 이하로". www.hankyung.com (in Korean). September 11, 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
"A fond farewell". Barbados Today. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
"Hoge Palestijnse onderscheiding voor Dries van Agt op zijn 90ste verjaardag". nos.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-02-02.
"Isabel Perón cumple 90 años: la enigmática vida de la expresidenta de Argentina". infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-02-01.
"Dini: "Bene Salvini se svolta al centro, basta con sovranismo scatenato"". Adnkronos (in Italian). 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
"Gorbachev expects Biden to extend last Cold War arms deal". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
"Sir Elliott's birthday treat". www.nationnews.com. March 16, 2018.
"Duvaliers et Jean-Bertrand Aristides : des voyoucrates criminels". lenouvelliste.com (in French). June 17, 2019.
"Trailblazers: Dame Catherine Tizard". NZ Herald. September 17, 2018.
""Dr Friday Is A Crab Without A Shell" By Mourine Gaymes". news784.com. October 10, 2019.
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"Bolsonaro's Star Is in Decline, Ex-President Cardoso Says". Bloomberg.com. 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
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أشهر رؤساء حكومات حافظ الأسد ينعى ابن أخيه
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"What will become of Kim Yo Jong?". NK News - North Korea News. May 23, 2018.
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External links

United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[2] Including but not limited to Prime Ministers of Peru, recognized as heads of government by the United Nations[1] and party leaders of single-party states.

[Elizabeth-3] In 1952, Princess Elizabeth acceded as the monarch of seven Commonwealth realms. She currently reigns as Queen of 16 sovereign states including the United Kingdom. From 1957 to 1983, most of her British colonies attained independence, and some joined the other realms in different years; most states ceased to be a realm upon becoming republics.

[68] The office of Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee existed from 5 September 1991 to 26 December 1991. On 6 September 1991 a presidential decree by Mikhail Gorbachev temporarily gave the IEC the same authority as the Cabinet of Ministers, and Silayev became the Soviet Union's de facto Premier.

[105] They were either members of collective presidencies without a clear leader, interim leaders, de facto leaders, widely recognised leaders whose true power was limited or leaders of political entities whose status as sovereign states was unclear or disputed.

[Cardinal-109] Cardinal of the Catholic Church.

[1] Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs. United Nations Protocol and Liaison Service.

[4] نجل مصطفى بن حليم يستنكر ويحتج على ادعاءات محمد المقريف عبر قناة ليبيا الأحرار على والده

[5] Barboza Quiroz, Karem (2020-11-02). "TC: Ordenan archivo de proceso contra Francisco Morales Bermúdez por "Plan Cóndor"". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-11-08.

[6] Arvizu Arrioja, Juan (2021-01-17). "Luis Echeverría cumple 99 años con buena salud, informan". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-17.

[7] ໃນໂອກາດວັນຊາດ ການນໍາແຂວງຈໍາປາສັກ ເຂົ້າອວຍພອນ ທ່ານ ຄໍາໄຕ ສີພັນດອນ

[8] "日本前首相村山富市期待"村山谈话"继续为世界和平作贡献--国际--人民网". world.people.com.cn. 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

[9] "Kenneth Kaunda honoured in India". The Southern Times. 2020-12-19. Retrieved 2020-12-20.

[10] Suggs, Ernie (2020-12-03). "Jimmy Carter joins other ex-presidents encouraging COVID vaccine use". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 2020-12-04.

[11] "Stíhání Jakeše, Štrougala a Vajnera. Padlo podezření ohledně znalců". parlamentnilisty.cz. 2020-09-24. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

[12] Dictador militar Rodríguez y Dictador presidencial Moreno coinciden en Quito

[13] "What you did not know about Dr Mwinyi's life". the citizens.co.tz. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

[14] "L'ex magistrato Palamara rivela: «Napolitano fu il regista delle inchieste su Berlusconi»". www.liberoquotidiano.it (in Italian). 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-02-01.

[15] "Malaysia's Mahathir offers to testify against Azmin in lawsuit filed by voters, signalling fraying ties". The Straits Times. 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-12-09.

[16] Thursday is a SPA Day | North Korea Leadership Watch

[17] "Forlani compie 95 anni, auguri degli amici della Dc". www.adnkronos.com (in Italian). Retrieved 8 December 2020.

[18] "Former Prime Minister Khiem: The Joy of Faith". tvc.dsj.org. 6 February 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.

[19] "بالفيديو.. رئيس وزراء الأردن الأسبق: فلسطينيون تركوا أملاكهم لإسرائيل مقابل المال". صحيفة صدى الالكترونية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-08-31.

[20] "Queen Elizabeth issues orders against Prince Harry pressing him to forego royal duty forever". The News International. 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-12-02.

[21] "Wade "à l'origine" des problèmes d'approvisionnement en eau : Les députés du Pds répliquent à Serigne Mbaye Thiam". Lequotidien.sn (in French). Retrieved 2020-12-02.

[22] 中国70周年国庆江泽民胡锦涛现身天安门城楼

[23] "Nausėda: piliečių pergalė tądien nulėmė mūsų ateitį ir, tikiu, žmonės prireikus vėl padarytų tą patį". lrt.lt (in Lithuanian). 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2021-01-13.

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[25] การพิพากษาคดีโดยยุติธรรม

[26] Jenkins, Cameron (2020-11-28). "Pope Francis pays visit to predecessor with elevated cardinals". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-12-02.

[27] Arturo Armando Molina, a great example of a president for El Salvador and the region

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[29] Andrea Fantucchio. "De Mita e Craxi contro il Pm di Avellino. Lui risponde così". The wam (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-01-12.

[30] North Korean President Steps Down at 91; Kim Yong Nam's 21 Years in Power

[31] Tribute dinner for former Governor General

[32] "FVR is doing fine". businessmirror.com.ph. May 2, 2020.

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[40] "朱镕基露面庆92寿辰精神好". Radio France Internationale. October 24, 2020.

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[42] "Τα 90α γενέθλια του Κρητικού Χρήστου Σαρτζετάκη". Νέα Κρήτη (in Greek). April 6, 2019.

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[46] "Artist and Curator Eirini Linardaki Shares The Island K and the Theory of the South". The National Herald. August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.

[47] "The Governor General visits Sir Orville at his 90th Birthday Celebration". www.thebahamasweekly.com. July 21, 2019.

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[54] "Mbushi 90 VJEÇ, presidenti ALFRED MOISIU ka një mesazh pas Tërmetit: Kocka jonë e fortë, të rrojë në Jetë Të Jetëve Kombi Ynë (Deklarata e Plotë)". www.newsbomb.al (in Albanian). December 2, 2019.

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[57] Jovičić, Uroš (28 October 2020). "Ne, Milan Panić nije preminuo i Nikola Selaković to nije objavio na Tviteru: Nova prevara italijanskog novinara Tomasa Benedetija". nedeljnik.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 6 November 2020.

[58] "Odebrecht: casa mencionada por Barata pertenece a familiar de exministro fujimorista". América Noticias (in Spanish). March 2, 2018.

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[60] "Former president Shahabuddin returns home". risingbd.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019.

[61] Andone, Radu (2021-01-10). "Iliescu șochează. Ce i-a putut face Nadiei Comăneci. Abia acum a spus Adrian Nătase". CAPITAL (in Romanian). Retrieved 2021-01-13.

[62] "Anerood Jugnauth: named for Padma Vibhushan". outlookindia.com. January 20, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.

[63] "Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Awarded at Women Leaders Forum". icelandreview. 11 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.

[64] ""Trump passou a ser o Bin Laden do American Dream", diz ex-presidente José Sarney". Jornal Opção (in Portuguese). 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2021-01-13.

[65] "La justicia arrastra tres juicios de responsabilidades". Correo del Sur (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-12-02.

[66] "Former President Carlos Menem was urgently admitted". www.explica.co. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-17.

[67] "Governor General Hosts Luncheon in Honour of Former Governors General". Retrieved 16 February 2020.

[69] "Герой: Силаев Иван Степанович". er.ru (in Russian). July 13, 2015.

[70] "HMCS bids farewell to Hillary, two ex-deputies". pressreader.com. February 9, 2019.

[71] "北김정은, 6·25전사자묘 참배…공연엔 김여정·최선희 대동(종합2보)". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). July 28, 2019.

[72] "Former finance chief Cesar Virata discharged after stroke, COVID-19 treatment". news.abs-cbn.com. April 15, 2020.

[73] Hernandez, Carlos (July 7, 2020). "Remembering the G7 Summit held at Rice University 30 years ago". www.click2houston.com. Retrieved October 6, 2020.

[74] Worboys, Jessica (February 10, 2019). "Gunnedah's ready to celebrate its seniors | Flashback Gallery". Namoi Valley Independent.

[75] Shekighenda, Lydia (2020-10-23). "Tanzania: Magufuli Deserves Re-Election, Says Msuya". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

[76] "'전두환 재판 법정도 거리두기'…방청 인원 50명 이하로". www.hankyung.com (in Korean). September 11, 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.

[77] "A fond farewell". Barbados Today. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.

[78] "Hoge Palestijnse onderscheiding voor Dries van Agt op zijn 90ste verjaardag". nos.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2021-02-02.

[79] "Isabel Perón cumple 90 años: la enigmática vida de la expresidenta de Argentina". infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-02-01.

[80] "Dini: "Bene Salvini se svolta al centro, basta con sovranismo scatenato"". Adnkronos (in Italian). 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

[81] "Gorbachev expects Biden to extend last Cold War arms deal". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.

[82] "Sir Elliott's birthday treat". www.nationnews.com. March 16, 2018.

[83] "Duvaliers et Jean-Bertrand Aristides : des voyoucrates criminels". lenouvelliste.com (in French). June 17, 2019.

[84] "Trailblazers: Dame Catherine Tizard". NZ Herald. September 17, 2018.

[85] ""Dr Friday Is A Crab Without A Shell" By Mourine Gaymes". news784.com. October 10, 2019.

[86] "Γιώργος Βασιλείου: O Περιορισμός της Προεδρίας σε δύο θητείες". Dialogos (in Greek). 4 October 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

[87] DDC (2021-01-11). "Raúl Castro es uno de los posibles difuntos del 2021, según 'Deathlist'". diariodecuba.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-13.

[88] "Bolsonaro's Star Is in Decline, Ex-President Cardoso Says". Bloomberg.com. 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-12-04.

[89] "Decision on Co-Prosecutors' Request for additional pages to Respond to KHIEU Samphan's Appeal Brief of the Case 002/02 Judgement" (PDF). Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

[90] "Wong honours Sir Paulias on 89th birthday". Post Courier. 2020-09-24. Retrieved 2020-11-09.

[91] "Au coin du feu avec Pie Masumbuko – IWACU". www.iwacu-burundi.org (in French). Retrieved 3 May 2020.

[92] "Businessman served wider community". www.stuff.co.nz. July 14, 2012.

[93] Otukho, Jackson (2021-01-26). "Rila to Central: you owe me". Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. Retrieved 2021-01-26.

[94] Chowdhury, Kamran Reza (March 24, 2020). "Bangladesh to Free Opposition Leader from Jail for 6 Months". www.dhakatribune.com. Retrieved August 28, 2020.

[95] "El APRA desea salir del fondo con rostros diferentes". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). 2020-10-15. Retrieved 2020-11-09.

[96] "Sir Carlyle Glean Visited by SRA Members". NOW Grenada. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

[97] "Former Governor General Sir Edmund Lawrence Formally Receives Knighthood From Prince Harry". The St Kitts Nevis Observer. 25 November 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

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[Edge_Markets-99] "Thailand approaches former PMs to lead reconciliation panel". The Edge Markets. 2020-11-03. Retrieved 2020-11-09.

[100] "Dame Marguerite A Great Example To Us All". tribune242. 20 June 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2020.

[101] "Happy birthday to Her Majesty Queen Mother Sirikit". thethaiger.com. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.

[102] "Gavril Dejeu despre noua majoritate parlamentară: "Ceva asemănător cu fosta CDR"". www.turnulsfatului.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2021-01-05.

[103] "Manmohan Singh stable, under observation in AIIMS". thehindu. 11 May 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

[104] أشهر رؤساء حكومات حافظ الأسد ينعى ابن أخيه

[106] "Josip Manolić: 'Ja sam za dijalog koji je bolji od šutnje jer se tako dolazi do rješenja. U prednosti je Milanović jer on ukazuje na pogreške Vlade'". Dnevno.hr (in Croatian). 2020-11-02. Retrieved 2020-11-09.

[107] "What will become of Kim Yo Jong?". NK News - North Korea News. May 23, 2018.

[108] "داکتر صبور سیاسنگ: پراکنده‌های پیوسته". حقیقت. August 30, 2016.

[110] "El riojano Martínez Somalo, entre los acusados por la presunta contabilidad B de El Vaticano". rioja2.com (in Spanish). October 23, 2019.

[111] "Long a lightning rod, Sodano figures in McCarrick/Viganò saga too". americamagazine.org. December 21, 2019.

[112] "Una vita al servizio delle Istituzioni". www.quotidianodelsud.it (in Italian). October 15, 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.