List of sovereign states in 1500
Sovereign states
A
Abazinia – Abazinia
Aceh – Aceh Sultanate
Capital: Kutaraja- Adal – Adal Sultanate
Capital: Dakkar 
Ahmadnagar – Ahmadnagar Sultanate
Capital: Ahmadnagar
Ahom – Ahom Kingdom- Airgíalla
- Ailech
- Aïr – Terene Sultanate of Aïr (to 1500)
Capital: Agadez _flag_according_to_1576_Portuguese_map.svg.png.webp)
Ajuran – Ajuran Sultanate
Capital: Mareeg
Ağ Qoyunlu – Ağ Qoyunlu Confederation
Capital: Tabriz- Alodia – Alodia
Capital: Soba 
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella
Aragon – Kingdom of Aragon
Capital: Zaragoza
Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
Capital: Xacitarxan- Ava – Kingdom of Ava
Capital: Ava - Avar – Avar Khanate
Capital: Khunzah - Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
Capital: Ayutthaya (city) 
Aztec – Aztec Empire
Capital: Tenochtitlan
B
- Bamum – Kingdom of Bamum
Capital: Fumban - Banu Sulaym
- Bahmani – Bahmani Sultanate (undergoing breakup)
Capital: Bidar - Bastar – Bastar State
Capital: Jagdalpur - Benin – Benin Empire
Capital: Edo 
Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal
Capital: Gaur- Berar – Berar Sultanate
Capital: Ellichpur - Bidar – Bidar Sultanate
Capital: Bidar - Bijapur – Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate
Capital: Bijapur - Bikaner
Capital: Bikaner - Bonoman
Capital: Begho - Borgu – Kingdom of Borgu
Capital: New Bussa 
Bornu – Bornu Empire
Capital: Ngazargamu
Brunei – Bruneian Sultanate
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan- Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Capital: Mengo - Bundi – Bundi State
- Butua – Kingdom of Butua
Capital: Khami 
Butuan – Rajahnate of Butuan
Capital: Butuan City- Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
C
- Caboloan
Capital: Binalatongan .svg.png.webp)
Cambodia
Capital: Chaktomuk- Chamba – Chamba State
Capital: Chamba - Champa – Chăm Pa
Capital: Panduranga - China – Empire of the Great Ming
Capital: Nanjing
Capital: Jingshi - Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
Capital: Sadiya - Circassia
Capital: Sochi 
Clandeboye
Cospaia - Republic of Cospaia
Capital: Cospaia- Cutch – Cutch State
Capital: Lakhiarviro
D
- Damot – Kingdom of Damot
- Đại Việt
Capital: Dong Kinh - Dawro – Kingdom of Dawro
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Delhi – Delhi Sultanate
Capital: Delhi- Demak – Sultanate of Demak
Capital: Bintara - Denkyira
Capital: Dunkwa-on-Offin - Desmond – Kingdom of Desmond
Capital: Cahersiveen .svg.png.webp)
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen- Dizak – Principality of Dizak
- Dulkadirids – Beylik of Dulkadir
Capital: Maraş
G
- Gajapati – Gajapati dynasty, Odisha
Capital: Cuttack - Garhwal – Kingdom of Garhwal
Capital: Devalgarh 
Genoa – Republic of Genoa
Capital: Genoa- Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa
Capital: Sungguminasa - Great Fulo – Empire of Great Fulo
Capital: Anyam-Godo 
Golden Horde – Golden Horde
Capital: Sarai Batu
Gujarat – Gujarat Sultanate
Capital: Muhammadabad
H
Hanthawaddy – Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Capital: Hanthawaddy- Hausa Kingdoms
- Hawwara
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Holy Roman Empire (high decentralized limited elective monarchy)
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
Capital: Buda
I
J
- Jaffna – Kingdom of Jaffna
Capital: Nallur - Jailolo – Sultanate of Jailolo
Capital: Jailolo - Jaintia – Kingdom of Jaintia
Capital: Jaintia Rajbari - Jaisalmer – Kingdom of Jaisalmer
Capital: Jaisalmer - Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
Capital: Fofa 
Japan – Ashikaga Shogunate
Capital: Kyoto- Jolof – Jolof Empire
Capital: Linguère - Joseon – Kingdom of Great Joseon
Capital: Hanseong - Jumla – Kingdom of Jumla
K
Kabardia – Princedom of Kabardia
Capital: Nalchik- Kachari – Kingdom of Kachari
Capital: Maibang - Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Capital: Anderaccha 
Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti
Capital: Gremi- Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo
Capital: Kinguele - Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
Capital: Bhawanipatna - Kamata – Kingdom of Kamata
- Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
Capital: Kandy 
Kangleipak – Kangleipak State- Kangra – Kingdom of Kangra
- Kanker – Kanker State
Capital: Kanker - Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli
Capital: Tbilisi - Kashmir – Shah Mir Dynasty of Kashmir
Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate
Capital: Turkistan
Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
Capital: Kazan- Khachen – Principality of Khachen
Capital: Haterk - Kilwa – Kilwa Sultanate
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Knights Hospitaller – Order of Saint John
Capital: Rhodes- Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Capital: M'banza-Kongo 
Kotte – Kingdom of Kotte
Capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte- Kumaon – Kingdom of Kumaon
Capital: Champawat - Kutai – Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate
Capital: Pemarangan - Kwararafa – Kwararafa Confederacy
Capital: Wukari
L
- Ladakh – Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
- Lan Na – Lanna Kingdom
Capital: Chiang Mai - Lan Xang
Capital: Luang Prabang 
Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius- Luwu – Kingdom of Luwu
Capital: Wara
M
- Madja-as – Confederation of Madja-as
Capital: Irong-Irong - Magh Luirg
Majapahit – Majapahit Empire
Capital: Majapahit- Malacca – The Malay Sultanate of Malacca
Capital: Malacca .svg.png.webp)
Maldives – Sultanate of the Maldives
Capital: Malé- Mali – Mali Empire
Capital: Niani village - Malwa – Malwa Sultanate
Capital: Mandu 
Mamluk – Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo
Capital: Cairo- Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
- Mankessim – Kingdom of Mankessim
Capital: Mankessim - Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi
Capital: Manthimba - Marwar – Kingdom of Marwar
Capital: Jodhpur - Mayas – Maya civilization
- Maynila – Kingdom of Maynila
- Medri Bahri – Land of the Sea
Capital: Debarwa - Mewar – Mewar Kingdom
Capital: Chittor - Mewat – Mewat State
Capital: Alwar - Moghulistan
Capital: Almaliq .svg.png.webp)
Morocco – Wattasid dynasty of Morocco
Capital: Fes- Mossi Kingdoms
- Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
Capital: Mrauk U - Muisca Confederation
Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Muscovy
Capital: Moscow- Mustang – Kingdom of Mustang
Capital: Lo Manthang - Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
Capital: Zvongombe
N
- Namayan - Kingdom of Namayan
Capital: Sapa 
Naples – Kingdom of Naples
Capital: Naples.svg.png.webp)
Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre
Capital: Pamplona- Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal (divided into three kingdoms since 1482)
Nogai – Nogai Horde
Capital: Saray-Jük
Noli – Republic of Noli
Capital: Noli- Nri – Kingdom of Nri
Capital: Igbo-Ukwu - Nupe – Kingdom of Nupe
Capital: Bida
O
- Oirat – Four Oirat
Oman – Imamate of Oman
Capital: Nizwa
Osraige
Capital: Kilkenny
Ottoman Empire
Capital: Constantinople- Oyo – Oyo Empire
Capital: Oyo-Ile
P
- Pagaruyung – Kingdom of Pagaruyung
Capital: Pagaruyung .svg.png.webp)
Papal States
Capital: Rome- Patna – Patna State
Capital: Balangir 
Poland – Kingdom of Poland
Capital: Kraków.svg.png.webp)
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon- Prome – Kingdom of Prome
Capital: Pyay 
Pskov – Republic of Pskov
Capital: Pskov
R
S
- Saloum – Kingdom of Saloum
Capital: Kahone 
Samtskhe – Samtskhe Atabegate
Capital: Akhaltsikhe- Samudera Pasai – Samudera Pasai Sultanate
Capital: Pasai 
San Marino – Republic of San Marino
Capital: City of San Marino- Saudeleur – Saudeleur dynasty
Capital: Nan Madol 
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland
Capital: Edinburgh
Senarica – Senarica Republic
Capital: Senarica- Shan States (minor kingdoms of Burma)
- Shewa – Sultanate of Shewa
Capital: Tegulat - Shilluk – Shilluk Kingdom
- Sibir – Khanate of Sibir
Capital: Qashliq 
Sindh – Samma dynasty of Sindh
Capital: Thatta- Songhai – Songhai Empire
Capital: Gao - Suket – Suket State
Capital: Sundar Nagar - Sunda – Kingdom of Sunda
Capital: Pakuan Pajajaran .svg.png.webp)
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm
T
- Tarascan state
Capital: Tzintzuntzan (Mesoamerican site) - Ternate – Sultanate of Ternate
Capital: Ternate 
Teutonic Knights – State of the Teutonic Order
Capital: Königsberg
Thomond – Kingdom of Thomond- Tibet, Phagmodrupa – Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet
Capital: Nêdong - Tibet, Rinpungpa – Rinpungpa dynasty of Tibet
Capital: Shigatse - Tidore – Sultanate of Tidore
Capital: Tidore 
Timurid Empire
Capital: Herat
Tlaxcala – Confederacy of Tlaxcala
Capital: Tlaxcala
Tlemcen – Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen
Capital: Tlemcen- Tondo – Tundun
Capital: Tondo - Tonga – Tu'i Tonga Empire
Capital: Mu'a (Tongatapu) - Tunjurs – Tunjur Kingdom
Capital: Uri 
Tunis – Sultanate of Tunis
Capital: Tunis.png.webp)
Tyrconnell
Capital: Kilmacrennan
Capital: Donegal Castle
Tyrone- Twipra – Kingdom of Twipra
Capital: Khorongma
V
Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice
Capital: Venice
Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire
Capital: Vijayanagara
W
- Warsangali – Warsangali Sultanate
Capital: Las Khorey - Wehali – Sultanate of Wehali
- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized collection of polities.[1] A comprehensive list of all of its anachronistic components has been made at List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, and would be much too large to fit here.
Austria – Archduchy of Austria
Capital: Vienna
Bavaria – Duchy of Bavaria
Capital: Regensburg
Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia
Capital: Prague.svg.png.webp)
Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg
Capital: Berlin
Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine
Capital: Heidelberg
Florence – Republic of Florence
Capital: Florence
Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine
Capital: Nancy
Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
Capital: Chambéry
Saxony – Electorate of Saxony
Capital: Wittenberg
Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy
Crowns and Unions
Crowns were composite monarchies composed of multiple countries under one ruler.
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Norway
- Kingdom of Sweden
- Polish–Lithuanian union (federal union)
- Kingdom of Poland
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania
- Kingdom of Aragon
- Principality of Catalonia
- Kingdom of Majorca
- Kingdom of Sardinia
- Kingdom of Sicily
Castile – Crown of Castile
- Kingdom of Castile
- Kingdom of Leon
Non-Sovereign Territories
Imereti
Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate – Crimean Khanate (vassal)
Capital: Bakhchysarai
Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia (vassal)
Capital: Târgoviște
Portugal
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Azores (possession)- Brazil (colony)
- Ceuta (possession; Moroccan city captured in 1415)
- Portuguese Gold Coast (colony)
Capital: São Jorge da Mina - Portuguese Mozambique (colony)
Capital: Lourenço Marques - Príncipe (colony)
- São Tomé (colony)
- Tangier (possession)
Spain (Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon)
Canary Islands – Kingdom of the Canary Islands
Capital: Teguise (municipality)- Mellila – Mellila (Moroccan city seized in 1497)
References
- Lonnie R. Johnson, Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends (1996), Oxford University Press, p. 23.
- Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1908–1931). Imperial gazetteer of India. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 405. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- Sewell, Robert (1900). A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar): A Contribution to the History of India. Asian Educational Services. p. 122. ISBN 9788120601253. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
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