San Jose del Monte

San Jose del Monte, officially the City of San Jose del Monte, often called as SJDM or CSJDM (Tagalog: Lungsod ng San Jose del Monte; Spanish: Ciudad de San Jose del Monte), is a first-class component city in the province of Bulacan, Central Luzon. According to the 2007 Census, it has a population of 439,090 people, making it the largest local government unit within the province of Bulacan and Central Luzon and the 18th most populated city in the Philippines.

San Jose del Monte

SJDM
Component city
City of San Jose del Monte
(From top, left to right : Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto Shrine • San Lorenzo Ruiz Church • SM City San Jose Del Monte • Ayala Altaraza • Mount Balagbag • Quirino Highway)
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Rising City
Motto(s): 
Arya San Joseño!
Anthem: Awit ng Mamamayang San Joseño
Map of Bulacan with San Jose del Monte highlighted
OpenStreetMap
San Jose del Monte
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°48′50″N 121°02′43″E
Country Philippines
RegionCentral Luzon (Region III)
ProvinceBulacan
DistrictLone District
Founded2 March 1752
Cityhood10 September 2000
Lone district18 December 2003
Named forSaint Joseph
Barangays59 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorArthur B. Robes
 • Vice MayorEfren C. Bartolome Jr.
 • RepresentativeFlorida P. Robes
 • Electorate247,567 voters (2019)
Area
 [2]
 • Total105.53 km2 (40.75 sq mi)
Elevation
122 m (400 ft)
Highest elevation
784 m (2,572 ft)
Population
 (2015 census) [3]
 • Total574,089
 • Density5,400/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
 • Households
123,530
Demonym(s)San Joseño
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence6.97% (2015)[4]
 • Revenue PHP 1.757 billion (2018) [5]
 • Assets PHP 3.402 billion (2018)
 • Expenditure PHP 1.369 billion (2018)
Utilities
 • ElectricityMERALCO
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
3023, 3024
PSGC
031420000
IDD : area code +63 (0)44
Climate typetropical monsoon climate
Native languagesTagalog
Catholic dioceseMalolos
Websitewww.csjdm.gov.ph

Located in the southeast of the province, it is bordered by the cities of Caloocan and Quezón of Metro Manila in the south, by the town of Rodríguez, Rizal in the east, the towns of Santa María and Marilao in the west and Norzagaray in the north.

The city is home to some of the biggest resettlement areas in the Philippines like the Sapang Palay resettlement area spread over 36 barangays, Pabahay 2000 in Barangay Muzon and Towerville in Barangay Minuyan Proper. Most of the city's population come from former informal settlers along the creeks, esteros, riverbanks and railway tracks of Metro Manila.[6]

History

Early accounts on the founding of the city, as gathered from the old people, contend that it was formerly a part of the town of Meycauayan. This is supported by a decree from the Archbishop of Manila dated March 1750 on the creation of new municipalities. The municipality of San Jose del Monte was then officially founded on 2 March 1752.[7]

The decree included the list of families who volunteered to be relocated. These families, most if not all from Lagulo (now Malhacan) in Meycauayan, brought with them rice, wine, nganga and salt from in exchange for the wild pigs, deer, yantok and almasigan of the Itas and Dumagats, the native inhabitants of the area. Solares, including intended lots for main roads, were peacefully distributed to the new occupants after being measured and surveyed.[7]

The town reportedly got its name from Saint Joseph whose statue was found in a veritable forest; the hunters called it “San Jose del Monte” (lit. “Saint Joseph of the Mountain”). In all probability, the hunters reported their find to the parish priest of Meycauayan. It was said that the priest built a stone church at the site where the town proper is now located. The statue was installed in the new church. Extant Catholic Church records reveal that the first parish priest was Father Antonio de Moral. He took charge of the parish in 1845.

During the revolt against Spain, the town became a battleground between the Katipuneros and the Spanish forces. The revolutionaries lost and the vengeful Spanish soldiers burned down the settlement. The town people fled for their lives to nearby towns. At the advent of the American rule, it was made a part of Santa Maria until 1918 when the town was recreated and Ciriaco Gallardo appointed the first municipal president. Public schools were opened at the start of the American regime but due to the scarcity of the population, the highest grade organized was at the fourth grade.

During the Japanese occupation, the town became an ideal hiding place of the local recognized guerrillas because of the town's hilly and wooden terrain. The Japanese Imperial Army took over the local government of San Jose del Monte from 1942 to 1943. In resistance, the municipality formed its own guerrilla unit. San Jose del Monte experienced large casualties when the Americans bombed the town center on 11 January 1945 and again on 14 January 1945. When the combined Filipino and American troops came, peace reigned but not for long.

At the height of the Hukbalahap Rebellion, the town was raided on October 10, 1950. The Huks burned down the town hall. The town was raided for the second time on 21 March 1951. The Huks did not succeed because of the precautionary measures instituted by the town officials after which the Huks were gradually eliminated.

On 10 September 2000, San Jose del Monte was proclaimed as a Component City under Republic Act No. 8797. It became the first city in the province of Bulacán and recorded as the 86th chartered city of the Philippines. On 18 December 2003, the City of San Jose del Monte became the 1st Lone Congressional District in Bulacán.[7]

Geography

The elevation of the city ranges from approximately 40–900 meters above sea level; the relief transitions from warm lowland to cool upland as one goes eastward. This is because the city is part of the Sierra Madre mountain range. Plains and river valley flats characterize the western and southwestern quadrant. The central portion and much of its eastern section are made up of undulating hills with low relief. High relief areas moderate slopes best describe its extreme eastern and northwestern quadrant. Slopes of 3%-8% are extensively found in the city, particularly on the western half. Slopes of 30%-50% comprise the smallest portion of the total land area.

The rivers and creeks that flow in San Jose del Monte are direct tributaries of the Angat River, which flows from the Angat Reservoir. Major natural waterways of San Jose del Monte are the Kipungok, Santo Cristo, and Santa Maria river systems. Kipungok River separates San Jose del Monte from Caloocan City and Quezon City. It is directly connected to the Marilao River, which flows downwards to Manila bay. Draining to these rivers are creeks and streams, which act as catchment areas for the surface water runoff of the city. Among these are the Bigte, Kantulot, Katinga, and Salamin creeks.[8]

General land use

Growing commercial, residential, and light industrial areas, are found all over the city at major road intersections and along major thoroughfares. However, the bulk of the San Jose del Monte's built-up areas are mostly west of Quirino Highway at the primary level to gently sloping 8% terrain, dividing the city into a heavily built-up western section and the largely agricultural eastern section. Most of the city's schools, government institutions, commercial developments, industries, and other urban amenities are in this section. The largest contiguous built-up area is at Sapang Palay Resettlement Project area, followed by the conurbation in Tungkong Mangga and Muzon.

The developments east of the Quirino Highway are mostly scattered residential areas and agricultural lands. However, there are a few subdivisions that are some distance away from Ciudad Real and take advantage of its secluded and rural atmosphere. These are the Blessed Sacrament Seminary and an Augustinian convent.

In between the built-up clusters are pockets of agricultural lands, which are continuously converted into built-up uses. Planted in these lands are crops such as rice and corn. The clustering pattern for both built-up and agricultural uses is partly due to the decisions made by settlers with regard to the hilly conditions that dominate the topography. Most of households in the western half of San Jose del Monte opted to convert their lands to residential uses while other maintained the farms. This left upland uses, such as those pertaining to forest use, more common towards the easternmost zones.

Most vegetative outgrowths are in areas that are difficult to build on. But there are instances when these outgrowths are integrated in the built-up areas, usually found in the west: a number of heavily vegetated areas. Supplementing these are mini forest projects of the city government. The City Agriculture Office maintains a 1.65-hectare Mini Forest Project in Barangay Muzon along the San Jose del Monte-Marilao Provincial Road and a mahogany planting site.[9]

Climate
Climate data for San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29
(84)		 30
(86)		 32
(90)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 31
(88)		 30
(86)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 29
(84)		 31
(87)
Average low °C (°F) 20
(68)		 20
(68)		 21
(70)		 23
(73)		 24
(75)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 7
(0.3)		 7
(0.3)		 9
(0.4)		 21
(0.8)		 101
(4.0)		 152
(6.0)		 188
(7.4)		 170
(6.7)		 159
(6.3)		 115
(4.5)		 47
(1.9)		 29
(1.1)		 1,005
(39.7)
Average rainy days 3.3 3.5 11.1 8.1 18.9 23.5 26.4 25.5 24.5 19.6 10.4 6.4 181.2
Source: Meteoblue [10]

Barangays

The city is divided into 59 barangays, which handle governance in a much smaller area. These barangays are grouped into two districts, 23 barangays comprise the first district while 36 compose the second commonly known as Sapang Palay, and the city has Lone District, which is represented by a congressman in the country's House of Representatives.

Political map of San Jose del Monte
No. Barangay District Postal code Population
01-May-00		 Population
2012		 Population
growth rate
1Ciudad Real1st30231,9353,070-7.08%
2Dulong Bayan1st30235,4408,77434.71%
3Francisco Homes-Guijo1st30235,2425,6352.71%
4Francisco Homes-Mulawin1st30239,26311,88815.27%
5Francisco Homes-Narra1st30235,4257,26936.02%
6Francisco Homes-Yakal1st30232,8753,90315.79%
7Gaya-Gaya1st30237,14818,73738.51%
8Graceville1st302322,67144,51444.10%
9Gumaoc-Central1st30232,7043,48426.11%
10Gumaoc-East1st30233,8545,23736.53%
11Gumaoc-West1st30235,2888,78535.89%
12Kaybanban1st30231,6432,97047.05%
13Kaypian1st302318,53030,10541.98%
14Maharlika1st30232,7933,21011.71%
15Muzón1st302347,010103,00076.24%
16Paradise III1st30232,1863,90747.35%
17Población1st30231,8862,36015.22%
18Población I1st30232,8824,11738.03%
19San Isidro1st30231,8113,36727.06%
20San Manuel1st30238,10714,12227.82%
21San Roque1st30231,0001,71131.90%
22Santo Cristo1st302317,84033,40043.88%
23Tungkong Mangga1st30236,09719,49134.64%
24Minuyan I2nd30243,0793,80710.72%
25Minuyan II2nd30244,5326,1464.72%
26Minuyan III2nd30242,3273,32818.22%
27Minuyan IV2nd30243,4924,72224.03%
28Minuyan V2nd30242,5352,7249.75%
29Bagong Buhay I2nd30245,6216,88820.44%
30Bagong Buhay II2nd30243,5215,91019.31%
31Bagong Buhay III2nd30243,9034,75719.83%
32San Martín I2nd30243,2074,04925.54%
33San Martín II2nd30242,7713,41919.31%
34San Martín III2nd30242,6093,38213.91%
35San Martín IV2nd30242,9393,89428.10%
36Santa Cruz I2nd30242,9972,4147.5%
37Santa Cruz II2nd30242,7983,74410.51%
38Santa Cruz III2nd30242,0582,43219.68%
39Santa Cruz IV2nd30242,6232,70623.83%
40Santa Cruz V2nd30243,1284,14316.78%
41Fátima I2nd30242,8503,0349.75%
42Fátima II2nd30241,7852,11611.82%
43Fátima III2nd30241,4611,86123.20%
44Fátima IV2nd30241,8372,29416.93%
45Fátima V2nd30242,0292,93733.91%
46San Pedro2nd302412,09614,83313%
47Citrus2nd302413,06623,97045.75%
48San Rafael I2nd30246,0809,41328.39%
49San Rafael II2nd30243,4573,699-1.91%
50San Rafael III2nd30243,1123,248-5.49%
51San Rafael IV2nd30245,3086,6952.60%
52San Rafael V2nd30242,5443,0919.87%
53Assumption2nd30243,4244,56014.75%
54Lawang Pare2nd30243,2644,28428.16%
55Santo Niño I2nd30242,3633,068-1.02%
56Santo Niño II2nd302428073,4783.06%
57St. Martin de Porres2nd30242,0502,77525.46%
58Sapang Palay Proper2nd30243,5765,53824.89%
59Minuyan Proper2nd30244,92826,300344.64%

Of the 3,102 barangays in Region III, the largest in terms of population size is Muzon in the City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan with 106,603 people. [3]

Demographics
Population census of San Jose del Monte
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 1,378—    
1918 3,141+5.65%
1939 5,826+2.99%
1948 5,363−0.92%
1960 9,329+4.72%
1970 18,704+7.19%
1975 59,021+25.92%
1980 90,732+8.98%
1990 142,047+4.59%
1995 201,394+6.76%
2000 315,807+10.12%
2007 439,090+4.65%
2010 454,553+1.27%
2015 574,089+4.55%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [3] [11] [12][13]

In the 2015 census, the population of San Jose del Monte was 574,089 people, [3] with a density of 5,400 inhabitants per square kilometre or 14,000 inhabitants per square mile. This makes it the largest local government unit in Bulacan province. It is also the largest city in Central Luzon (Region III).[14]

With the coming of settlers to San Jose Del Monte, its population increased tremendously. Its population increased dramatically since the 1950s as the population tended to move from rural areas to towns and cities. Its proximity to Manila allowed it to accommodate its spillover population. This is further hastened by the development of nearby Quezon City and the accompanying increase in population and infrastructure.

Forced relocation of informal settlers and the lure of government to provide them their own homes allowed the town to continue to grow despite the lack of government facilities then. As such, San Jose del Monte exhibited an increasing percentage share to the provincial population from as low as 2% in 1960 to 9% in 1990 and then to 17% in 2015. The town surpassed the population of Meycauayan in 1980 census and Malolos in the 1990 census, then the largest towns of Bulacan. By 2015, it has more than two times the population of the now second place Santa Maria town (256,454 people in the 2015 Census).

If current population growth holds (2010-2015, +4.55%), the population of San Jose del Monte is expected to double and breach one million by the 2030 Census.

Economy
Poblacion public market

Agriculture

Major agricultural crops are leafy vegetables, root crops (cassava as its OTOP), pineapple, mango and coffee beans.

Livestock and poultry

The major income earner is large- and small-scale swine production. There are 60 commercial livestock and poultry farms in the city. The major poultry producers are RFM, Vitarich and FELDAN.

Trade and commerce

The city has three major business district growth areas: Tungkong Mangga, Muzon and Sapang Palay (Sampol). They are in wholesale and retail trade.

The minor business districts include Towerville in Minuyan Proper, Palmera in Kaypian, Northgate in Santo Cristo, Citrus, Poblacion I, Grotto in Graceville, Francisco Homes, Gumaoc and San Rafael III.

Commercial and thrift banks, pawnshops and cooperatives provide financial services. There are two major malls: Starmall San Jose del Monte in Palmera and SM City San Jose del Monte in Tungkong Mangga.

Tourism
Mount Balagbag.

Mount Balagbag and Kaytitinga Falls in Barangay, San Isidro are the main tourist attractions in the city. A portion of the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve also extends to San Jose del Monte.

VS Orchids Farm (Santo Cristo) is the biggest orchids nursery and ornamental plants farm in Bulacan (owned by Ms. Rolita Spowart, 3 Manila Seedling Bank Foundation, Quezon City)[15] Hundreds of orchids species are nurtured in this 1.8 hectares flora haven.

Churches
  • St. Joseph the Worker Parish Church[16]
  • Parokya ni San Pedro Apostol Church
  • San Isidro Labrador Parish Church
  • Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish Church
  • San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Parish
  • Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto Shrine
  • Madre Alessandra House of Prayer
  • Sagrada Familia Parish Church
  • Santo Rosario Sapang Palay Parish Church
San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Parish Church
San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Parish Church (Pleasant Hills, Barangay San Manuel)

From 1986 to 2000, the Pleasant Hill community has been a sub-parish of St. Peter Parish, Tungkong Mangga under Rev. Fr. Manuel M. Manicad as the Parish Priest. On July 3, 2000, Rev. Fr. Mario Jose C. Ladra was appointed parish priest. In January 2004, some parish leaders and staff together with Fr. Mar prepared documents for the change of status of the parish from a quasi– parish to a full-fledged parish. Bishop Jose F. Oliveros approved the request on Tuesday, January 27, 2004, the day when St. Joseph Healing Masses are held in honor of the parish's Second Patron Saint. Immediately afterwards, the Canonical Establishment and Solemn Proclamation of the Parish of San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila was set on March 14, 2004. Rev. Fr. Mario Jose C. Ladra was likewise installed as its First Parish Priest.[17]

Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto Shrine
Lourdes Church (Graceville)

The six hectares Lourdes Shrine Complex[16] (Church and the Grotto of the Blessed Virgin Mary) with the 'Miracle Spring' is a popular Holy Week destination for Catholic devotees. Inaugurated on February 11, 1965, owner Anita Guidote-Guanzon decided to build the Grotto for she was cured of cancer upon her return from a pilgrimage to Lourdes, France, in 1961. The Grotto also features a Calvary Hill with life-size statues that depict the 14 Stations of the Cross, and a Rosary Hill with 155 giant concrete beads. The complex is now run by Marietta Guidote-Guanzon Picache vda. de Holmgren, Anita's eldest child, after the matriarch died on March 31, 1990. It is a replica of the Lourdes Grotto in France[18][19][20][21]

Income

The city has experienced increased revenues in the past few years. The 2008 fiscal year represented an increase of 15.96% from 2007.

The income in 2008 was comparable to the major cities and municipalities in Bulacan, such as Meycauayan, Malolos, Baliuag, Santa Maria and Marilao.

Infrastructure

Transportation

The city is serviced by bus routes going to and from, among others, Sapang Palay, Baclaran district in Parañaque, Muntinlupa (Alabang), Taguig (FTI), Makati, Quiapo and Santa Cruz districts in Manila, Novaliches district in Quezon City and the Ninoy Aquino International Airport or NAIA. Jeepney routes also ply the roads between the city and neighboring cities and towns in Metro Manila and Bulacan province.

Quirino Highway

San Jose del Monte's road network has a total length of 211.43 km. (not including the Bulacan-Rizal-Cavite Regional Expressway/BRMCREx). The following are the main arteries of San Jose del Monte's road network which link the 59 barangays with Metro Manila and the rest of Bulacan.

Water

The bulk of the city's water requirement is being served by the San Jose Del Monte City Water District together via Joint Venture Agreement to Prime Water Corporation.

Power

Power distribution is being undertaken by the Manila Electric Company (Meralco). The city hosts the biggest National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) sub-station in the country in Barangay Dulong Bayan.

Telecommunications/communications

Landline telephone systems are provided by the PLDT and Globe.

Internet service is available through PLDT Home Fiber and DSL and Globe Fiber and Converge Fiber X.

Mobile telephone services are provided by Smart Communications, Globe Telecom and Sun Cellular.

Public High Schools

[22]

  • City of San Jose del Monte National High School
  • Muzon National High School
  • Graceville National High School
  • Muzon Harmony Hills High School
  • Minuyan National High School
  • Marangal National High School
  • Kaypian National High School
  • Paradise Farms National High School
  • Kakawate National High School
  • Citrus National High School
  • San Jose del Monte National High School
  • San Martin National High School
  • Sapang Palay National High School
  • Santo Cristo National High School
  • San Jose del Monte National Trade School
  • Towerville National High School
  • City of San Jose del Monte National Science High School
  • San Jose Del Monte Heights High School

City government
City hall

Like other cities in the Philippines, San Jose del Monte is governed by a mayor and vice mayor elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the city's departments in executing the city ordinances and improving public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council consisting of 12 members 6 from District I and 6 from District II. The council is in charge of creating the city's policies.

San Jose del Monte, being a part of the Bulacan province, has its mayor in the city council heading the Area Integrated Development Authority (AIDA), a special committee created during the term of then Mayor Eduardo V. Roquero to concentrate on the improvement of 3 highly commercialized areas such as, Tungkong Mangga, Muzon, and Sampol areas.. This council formulates development plans that seeks to solve the problems and improve the conditions in the metropolis.

Current city officials (2019-2022)
Position Name Party
Mayor Arthur B. Robes Arangkada San Joseño
Vice Mayor Efren Bartolome Arangkada San Joseño
Representative Florida P. Robes NUP
1st District
Councilors Joey Abela Arangkada San Joseño
Janet Reyes Makabayan
Rosalyn Cabuco Arangkada San Joseño
Glenn M. Villano Arangkada San Joseño
Liezl Aguirre Abat National Unity Party
Richie Robes Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
2nd District
Councilors Romeo Agapito Arangkada San Joseño
Benjie Acibal Arangkada San Joseño
Ryan Elfa Arangkada San Joseño
Celso Francisco Arangkada San Joseño
Argel Joseh Drio PDP–Laban
Vanessa Michelle Roquero National Unity Party
Ex-Officio Members
ABC President Zosimo Lorenzo (Barangay Kaypian)
SK President Ronalyn Pordan (Barangay Fatima V)

List of former municipal and city mayors
Main article: List of Mayors of City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

References
  1.  City of San Jose del Monte | (DILG)
  2. "Province: Bulacan". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  5. "Commission on Audit 2017 Report-CSJDM". Quezon City, Philippines: Commission on Audit (COA). Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  6. Dino Balabo (August 8, 2013). "San Jose del Monte declares moratorium on relocation projects". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  7. "History of San Jose Del Monte". City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines. Retrieved 30 June 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. "San Jose del Monte City Government (Geography)". San Jose del Monte City. Archived from the original on 2016-10-22.
  9. "San Jose del Monte City Government (Land Use)". San Jose del Monte City. Archived from the original on 2016-10-22.
  10. "San Jose del Monte: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  11. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  12. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  13. "Province of Bulacan". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  14. "Population of Region III - Central Luzon (Based on the 2015 Census of Population)". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 1, 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  15. "Tourism attractions". gov.ph. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
  17. "Official Website of San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Parish, Pleasant Hill Subd., SJDM City, Bulacan, Philippines". Official Website of San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila Parish, Pleasant Hill Subd., SJDM City, Bulacan, Philippines.
  18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2012-10-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. "Bulacan, Philippines: Tourism: Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes , San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan". www.bulacan.gov.ph. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  20. "Bulacan, Philippines: San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan: General Info". www.bulacan.gov.ph. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  21. "City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines". Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  22. "DEPED CSJDM". DEPED CSJDM. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
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