Mandaluyong

Mandaluyong, officially the City of Mandaluyong (Filipino: Lungsod ng Mandaluyong), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 386,276 people. [3]

Mandaluyong
Highly urbanized city
City of Mandaluyong
From top, left to right: San Felipe Neri Church, Boni Avenue Skyline, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong City Hall, Zumba dance
Flag
Seal
Motto(s): 
Gawa, hindi salita!
English: "Action, not words!"
Anthem: Martsa ng Mandaluyong
English: Mandaluyong March
Map of Metro Manila with Mandaluyong highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Mandaluyong
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°35′N 121°02′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionNational Capital Region
DistrictLone district
Founded1841
Chartered27 March 1907
Cityhood and HUC10 April 1994
Barangays27 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorCarmelita "Menchie" Aguilar Abalos
 • Vice MayorAntonio delos Santos Suva Jr.
 • RepresentativeNeptali "Boyet" M. Gonzales II
 • Councilors
 • Electorate229,470 voters (2019)
Area
 [2]
 • Total21.26 km2 (8.21 sq mi)
Elevation
32 m (105 ft)
Population
 (2015 census) [3]
 • Total386,276
 • Density18,000/km2 (47,000/sq mi)
 • Households
93,319
Demonym(s)Mandaleño
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence2.41% (2015)[4]
 • Revenue₱5,317,189,887.00 (2016)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1550–1556
PSGC
137401000
IDD : area code +63 (0)02
Climate typetropical monsoon climate
Native languagesTagalog
Websitewww.mandaluyong.gov.ph

Located directly east of Manila, it is known for the Ortigas Center, a commercial and business center that is also shared with the city of Pasig. Notable institutions and establishments in the city include the Asian Development Bank, the headquarters of Banco De Oro and San Miguel Corporation and shopping malls like Shangri-La Plaza and SM Megamall.

The city is bordered by Manila to the west, San Juan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, Pasig to the east, and Makati to the south. It is also the 6th-smallest city in the Philippines with a land area of 11.06 km2 (4.27 sq mi).

Etymology

There are different stories on the origin of the name Mandaluyong.

One tells of how the place was abundant with a kind of tree called luyong, now more commonly known as anahaw (Saribus rotundifolius[5]), from which canes and furniture were made.

Another claims that the Spaniards named the place based on the report of a navigator named Acapulco, who saw the rolling hills frequently being lashed at by daluyong (“big waves from the sea”). This seems to confirm traditional pre-Hispanic stories that giant waves from the sea would meet the adjoining hills of the vast lowland, referred to as salpukan ng alon. Felix dela Huerta, a Franciscan historian, observed that the rolling topography of this land resembled giant waves of the sea.

As with the etymological legends of many Philippine places, when the foreigners asked what the place was called, the locals answered with the description "madaluyong" ("undulating"), later transcribed by Spanish writers as "Mandaluyong," with the addition of an “n”.

Another version of the name is based on a legend that a Maharlika named Luyong fell in love with Manda, the lovely daughter of a barangay chieftain. The chieftain did not like Luyong and forbade him Manda's hand. Luyong overcame this objection by winning a series of tribal contests, as was the custom at the time. The couple settled thereafter in a place which was later called “Mandaluyong" - a term made up of joining their names.[6]

History[7]

14th century

Residents of Mandaluyong have always been known for their industry. Men did the laundry to the amusement of non-residents until shortly after the war, while the women ironed the clothes.

These industrious people trace their roots to Emperor Soledan (also known as “Anka Widyaya” of the Great Madjapahit Empire) and Empress Sasaban of the Kingdom of Sapa, whose son Prince Balagtas ruled as sovereign of the kingdom in about the year 1300.

More than a century later, in about the year 1470, it expanded and was called the “Kingdom of Namayan” with “Lakan Takhan” as sovereign. The vast Kingdom comprised what are now Quiapo, San Miguel, Sta, Mesa, Paco, Pandacan, Malate, Malate and Santa Ana in Manila, and Mandaluyong, San Juan, Makati, Pasay, Pateros, Taguig, Parañaque, and portions of Pasig and Quezon City up to Diliman, which were then part of Mandaluyong.

19th century

Mandaluyong was first known as a barrio of Santa Ana de Sapa, which was part of the District of Paco, Province of Tondo. Named San Felipe Neri by the Spaniards in honor of the patron saint of Rome, it was separated civilly from Santa Ana de Sapa in 1841.

On 15 September 1863 San Felipe Neri established its own parish. Under the administration of the Congregation “Dulcísimo Nombre de Jesús”, it constructed its own church, convent and school. The Parish of San Felipe Neri played a significant role as a relay station for propagating the Katipunan during the 1896–1898 Revolution.

Mandaluyong was significant in the Philippine Revolution of 1896 as the baluarte (territory) of the Katipunan or "Makabuhay" group, with seventeen (17) branches.

On 29 August 1896, Andres Bonifacio, together with Emilio Jacinto and other members of the Katipunan went into the house of Romualdo Vicencio at Sitio Balakbak (now Villa San Miguel) to prepare for the upcoming revolution against Spanish authority. In this site, Bonifacio read the last manifestation of the Katipunan before they transferred in Hagdan Bato, in the house of Felix Sanchez. This event is also known as the "29 De Agosto" and "Pinagtipunan" in which it is already named in two streets near the historic Barangay Hagdan Bato Itaas. It was in Barangay Hagdang Bato on 28 August 1896 where Andres Bonifacion issued a proclamation setting Saturday, 29 August 1896 as the date of the attack on Manila.

On 30 August 1896, after the successfully revolution in San Felipe Neri, the katipuneros went to San Juan del Monte and attacked the El Polvorin (gunpowder depot) in order to amass more weapons to use against the Spaniards. This event is popularly known as the Battle of San Juan del Monte.

It was also in this town that the revolutionary paper, “La Republika”, was established on 15 September 1896.

20th century

During the American Occupation, San Felipe Neri was raised to a first class municipality with five (5) barrios, namely: Poblacion, Barangka, Hagdang Bato, Namayan and Hulo. Under Presidential Act No. 942, it was consolidated with the municipality of San Juan del Monte and became the seat of government. For several months in 1904, San Felipe Neri became the capital of the province of Rizal.

San Felipe Neri was separated from San Juan and became an independent municipality on 27 March 1907. It was renamed the Municipality of Mandaluyong by virtue of House Bill No. 3836 which was authored and sponsored by Assemblyman Pedro Magsalin, then the Representative of the District of Rizal. Many government infrastructures are established during the American Period including the Correctional Institute for Women, Welfareville Compound, The Boy's Town, and the National Center for Mental Health.

During World War II, Mandaluyong lost many of her people; among them were Catholic priests and civilians. Destruction was felt all over, but with the timely arrival of the American Liberation Forces and the Philippine Commonwealth troops on 9 February 1945, the municipality was saved from further damages. That day became a red calendar day for Mandaluyong marking its liberation from the Japanese Imperial forces by the Allies.

After World War II, Mandaluyong began to become progressive and dramatically increase the economy. Many infrastructures, companies, and other businesses were developed in 1950s–1960s and as the result, Mandaluyong recognized as the most developed municipality in the Province of Rizal.

Separation from Rizal province

On 7 November 1975, Mandaluyong was formally included in newly established Metropolitan Manila by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824[8] signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.

By virture of the 1987 Constitution Mandaluyong and the then municipality of San Juan were represented in congress by a single Congressman.

Cityhood

Rep. Ronaldo Zamora sponsored a House Bill which eventually became Republic Act No. 7675[9] otherwise known as "An Act Converting the Municipality of Mandaluyong into a Highly Urbanized City to be known as the City of Mandaluyong." President Fidel V. Ramos signed R.A. No. 7675 into law on 9 February 1994 (the 49th anniversary of its liberation from the Japanese), which was ratified through a plebiscite on 10 April 1994 making Mandaluyong the 5th city in Metro Manila. Mandaluyong became a lone district with its own Representative in Congress. Prior to the enactment of the assailed statute, the municipalities of Mandaluyong and San Juan belonged to only one legislative district.

21st century

Mandaluyong today is composed of 27 barangays divided into two political districts mainly by Boni Avenue and G. Aglipay Street. As of 9 January 2002, it has 1,238 voting precincts and a total of 166,037 registered voters.

In 2003, Mandaluyong was recognized as "The Tiger City of the Philippines" because of dramatic improvement in the city's economy.

In 2020, the city and the entire metropolitan Manila was placed under community quarantine for one month starting March 15 due to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

History of local barrios

According to Pedro Patricio in his book (Mandaluyong: 1837–1975[10]), Mandaluyong had five original barrios (Poblacion, Barangka, Hagdang Bato, Namayan, & Hulo) as per the first recorded census in 1903. From these five evolved 22 sub-barrios.

Geography

Mandaluyong lies on a heart-shaped[11] 11.06 square kilometres (4.27 sq mi)[12][13] of land, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southeast of Manila and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of Pasig. To the south lies Makati, to the northwest, San Juan, and to the northeast, Quezon City. Thus Mandaluyong is located at the center of Metro Manila.

Barangays
Map of Mandalyong

Mandaluyong is politically subdivided into 27 barangays.

District Barangay Barangay
Chairman		 Land Area
(has.)[14]		 Population
(2007)[15]		 Population
(2010)[16]		 Population
(2015)[17]
1 Addition Hills Carlito Cernal 162.00 81,221 86,731 99,058
1 Bagong Silang Kristofer Dominguez 14.26 3,747 4,652 5,572
2 Barangka Drive Darwin Fernandez 24.54 12,134 12,227 13,310
2 Barangka Ibaba Edwin Santa Maria 16.92 9,372 9,241 9,540
2 Barangka Ilaya Joselito Pangilinan 47.45 4,185 5,049 17,896
2 Barangka Itaas Dannie Ocampo 17.21 11,212 11,061 11,252
2 Buayang Bato Reynaldo Nobela 7.26 999 1,340 1,782
1 Burol Ernesto Santos, Jr. 2.78 2,322 2,606 2,740
1 Daang Bakal Richard Bassig 17.34 2,980 3,931 3,660
1 Hagdan Bato Itaas Edmon Espiritu 18.36 9,431 10,102 10,314
1 Hagdan Bato Libis Danilo Torres 15.48 6,241 6,716 6,962
1 Harapin Ang Bukas Federico Ogbac 4.89 4,069 4,073 4,496
1 Highway Hills Rolando Rugay 105.12 18,682 22,684 28,703
2 Hulo Bernardino Maglaque 29.30 20,850 21,107 27,515
2 Mabini–J.Rizal Antonio Castañeda 11.88 4,826 6,773 7,628
2 Malamig Marlon Manalo 29.52 6,898 7,007 12,667
1 Mauway Bernardo Evangelista 19.25 21,700 25,129 29,103
2 Namayan Victor Francisco 30.60 4,846 5,706 6,123
1 New Zañiga Elizabeth Cruz 21.96 5,413 6,354 7,534
2 Old Zañiga Alex Lacson 42.48 6,674 7,712 7,013
1 Pag-Asa Conrado Angga, Jr. 12.60 3,112 3,688 4,053
2 Plainview Michael Garcia 115.92 24,706 24,396 26,575
1 Pleasant Hills Tagani Evangelista 20.33 6,495 5,648 5,910
1 Poblacion Elmer Castillo 24.12 14,778 15,191 14,733
2 San Jose Anna Abejar 3.80 7,629 7,041 7,262
2 Vergara Ernesto Mendiola 15.12 4,928 4,645 5,910
1 Wack-Wack Greenhills Margarita Climaco 294.48 6,126 7,889 8,965

Climate

Mandaluyong's climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Mandaluyong than in summer. This climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The temperature here averages 27.2 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 2093 mm. Precipitation is the lowest in February, with an average of 8 mm. With an average of 448 mm, the most precipitation falls in August. At an average temperature of 29.2 °C, May is the hottest month of the year. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 25.5 °C. Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 440 mm. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 3.7 °C.

Climate data for Mandaluyong
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29.7
(85.5)		 30.5
(86.9)		 32.1
(89.8)		 33.7
(92.7)		 33.8
(92.8)		 32.3
(90.1)		 31.1
(88.0)		 30.6
(87.1)		 30.7
(87.3)		 30.9
(87.6)		 30.4
(86.7)		 29.7
(85.5)		 31.3
(88.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.5
(77.9)		 25.9
(78.6)		 27.2
(81.0)		 28.7
(83.7)		 29.2
(84.6)		 28.4
(83.1)		 27.6
(81.7)		 27.3
(81.1)		 27.2
(81.0)		 27.2
(81.0)		 26.7
(80.1)		 25.9
(78.6)		 27.2
(81.0)
Average low °C (°F) 21.3
(70.3)		 21.4
(70.5)		 22.4
(72.3)		 23.8
(74.8)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.1
(75.4)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.0
(73.4)		 22.1
(71.8)		 23.2
(73.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13.5
(0.53)		 7.3
(0.29)		 21.4
(0.84)		 18.7
(0.74)		 138.6
(5.46)		 283.8
(11.17)		 364.1
(14.33)		 476.3
(18.75)		 334.1
(13.15)		 200.5
(7.89)		 111.4
(4.39)		 56.0
(2.20)		 2,025.7
(79.74)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.10 mm) 4 2 3 3 10 16 22 22 20 18 14 9 143
Average relative humidity (%) 72 73 66 64 68 76 80 83 81 78 76 75 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 176.7 197.8 225.8 258.0 222.7 162.0 132.8 132.8 132.0 157.6 153.0 151.9 2,103.1
Percent possible sunshine 51 61 61 70 57 42 34 34 36 44 45 44 48
Source 1: Climate-Data.org (Temperature)[18]
Source 2: Climatemps.com (Sunshine)[19]

Demographics
Population census of Mandaluyong
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 4,349—    
1918 5,806+1.94%
1939 18,200+5.59%
1948 26,309+4.18%
1960 71,619+8.70%
1970 149,407+7.62%
1975 182,267+4.07%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 205,366+2.41%
1990 248,143+1.91%
1995 286,870+2.75%
2000 278,474−0.63%
2007 305,576+1.29%
2010 328,699+2.69%
2015 386,276+3.12%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [3] [20] [21][22]

Economy
Shaw Boulevard one of the major business hubs in Mandaluyong
Intersection of EDSA and Shaw Boulevard

The city is home to a number of shopping centers, entertainment hubs, commercial establishments, high-rise offices, residential condominiums and hotels. The city is one of the important business and financial areas in the metropolis.[23]

Commercial activities
The Mandaluyong City Skyline excluding Ortigas Center.

Like other cities in Metro Manila, Mandaluyong has its own share of commercial strips and a central business district. The former commercial area, consisting mostly of banks, offices and service establishments, stretch along public transport routes thereby serving both local consumers and passers-by from the neighboring localities. Major commercial strips of the city include the stretch of Boni Avenue, Shaw Boulevard, Libertad-Sierra Madre area, Kalentong, San Francisco, part of Martinez, Sgt. Bumatay towards Barangka Drive and Pinatubo towards EDSA. Mandaluyong's central business district is concentrated on the EDSA-Shaw-Pioneer area.[24]

Industrial activities
TV5 Media Center

Industrial activities are mostly concentrated within the Shaw Boulevard-Pioneer area and along the Pasig River. Although prominent in the manufacture of foods, medicines and laboratory equipment, these industries are gradually declining in number, opting to relocate in newly developed industrial zones outside Metropolitan Manila. In the Pasig River area, particularly in Barangays Namayan and Mabini J. Rizal, areas formerly industrial are now the sites for residential subdivisions and townhouses. In the EDSA-Shaw-Pioneer area, the transformation is toward a more economically profitable and globally competitive commercial activity. And since December 2013, Mandaluyong is the home of one of the largest television networks in the country TV5 and one of the largest pay TV operator Cignal TV (both owned by the PLDT-backed firm MediaQuest Holdings located at the TV5 Media Center), Nine Media Corporation-owned news channel CNN Philippines and the master playout facility of Solar Entertainment Corporation (both are located at the Worldwide Corporate Center which also housed the main offices of companies owned by real estate magnate and former Senator Manny Villar), and several radio stations associated to the Vera Group (Mellow 94.7, Magic 89.9, 99.5 Play FM, 103.5 K-Lite, DWBL and DWSS, all are located at the Paragon Plaza).[25]

Shopping centers

These super-regional supermalls each have over a hundred local and international stores and are anchored by at least one department store and supermarket or hypermarket. They are also the largest malls in Metro Manila which feature not just stores but also attractions: movie theaters, rides, skating rinks, bowling alleys and other recreational facilities. Each provides thousands of automobile parking spaces and are located mostly near rail stations and established business districts within the metropolis. These malls serve not only the Metro Manila and Greater Manila Area residents, but also local and foreign tourists. Among the malls in the city are Shangri-La Plaza and SM Megamall

Local government

2019 Philippine local election results:[26]

Position Candidate Party Total Votes
Representative
Lone Legislative District		 Neptali Gonzales II PDP–Laban 127,268
Mayor Carmelita Abalos PDP–Laban 128,661
Vice Mayor Antonio Suva Jr. PDP–Laban 111,922
City Councilors
1st Sanggunian District
Charisse Marie Abalos-Vargas PDP–Laban 73,915
Anjelo Elton Yap PDP–Laban 58,272
Danilo De Guzman Aksyon 54,690
Grace Marie Antonio Independent 54,221
Rodolfo Posadas PDP–Laban 54,057
Estanislao Alim PDP–Laban 44,525
2nd Sanggunian District
Benjamin Abalos III PDP–Laban 44,636
Cherry Lynn Pablo-Santos PDP–Laban 42,035
Roehl Bacar PDP–Laban 40,653
Jesus Cruz PDP–Laban 40,288
Fernando Ocampo PDP–Laban 40,172
Michael Gonzales-Cuejilo PDP–Laban 29,089

Mayors of Mandaluyong

Listed below are persons who have served as mayors of Mandaluyong.

Name Term
Buenaventrura Domingo 1901
Antonio Fernando 1902
Juanario Coronado 1902; 1909; 1912
Miguel Vergara 1902
Pantaleon Blas 1903
Claro Castañeda 1905
Apolinar Coronado 1907; 1909
Marcelo Lerma 1912–1916
Mariano Castañeda 1916–1922
Gregorio Pedro 1923–1926
Clemente Fernando 1926–1934
Isaac Lopez 1935–1939
Ponciano Enriquez 1940
Pedro Cruz 1941; 1945; 1956 – 1959
Primo Guzman 1945
Bonifacio Javier 1946; 1947 – 1955; 1960 – 1962
Amado T. Reyes 1963
Filemon Javier 1964–1971
Melchor Arcangel 1963
Macario Trinidad 1963
Renato Lopez 1972–1980
Ernesto Domingo 1980–1986
Benjamin S. Abalos, Sr.(OIC) 1986–1987
Roman delos Santos(OIC) 1987–1988
Benjamin S. Abalos, Sr. 1988–1998
Neptali M. Gonzales II 2004–2007
Benjamin S. Abalos, Jr. 1998 – 2004; 2007–2016
Carmelita Aguilar-Abalos 2016–present

Transportation
Shaw Boulevard, one of the major thoroughfares in the city

The city is provided with good access roads to and from adjacent cities in the metropolis. The city is served by one of Metro Manila's main roads such as the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), Ortigas Avenue and Shaw Boulevard.[27]

Airport

The city is 36 minutes away from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

Land

Mandaluyong is served by the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, Metro Manila's main thoroughfare. Considered as the heart of the metropolis, main roads such as the Ortigas Avenue and Shaw Boulevard provide inter-city linkages, while Boni Avenue and Martinez Street (C-3 Road) serve as alternate routes in the city.[27] Other major roads in Mandaluyong include Boni-Pioneer Underpass, a 280-meter long tunnel underneath EDSA (Epifanio de los Santos Avenue) connecting Boni Avenue on its western-end and Pioneer Street on the east. and Julia Vargas Avenue. Jeepneys are one of the most common modes of public transportation for commuters in the city. Aside from jeepneys, tricycles and pedicabs are also one of the important modes of public transportation in Mandaluyong, especially on alleys around the city.

Water

The presence of the Pasig River stretching along the south border of Mandaluyong provides an alternative route and mode of public transportation mainly for cargo freight of industries along the river, and for commuters seeking for a faster and more direct route to and from the cities of Pasig and Manila.[27] The Pasig River Ferry Service has one station in the city.

Railway

The city is also served by rail via the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3. The line is located along the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. The city is served by three Line 3 stations:

Bridges

Mandaluyong is accessed by Pasig River and San Juan River:

Crossing Carries Image Location Built Coordinates

Pasig River
 Makati – Mandaluyong

Makati–Mandaluyong Bridge Makati Avenue to Coronado Street Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Hulo 14.569354°N 121.031742°E / 14.569354; 121.031742
Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge
Rockwell Bridge		 Estrella Street to Pantaleon Street Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Hulo 2011 (closed as of 2019)[28] 14.567408°N 121.037516°E / 14.567408; 121.037516
Guadalupe Bridge C-4
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue		 Brgys. Guadalupe Nuevo/Viejo and Barangay Barangka Ilaya 14.568466°N 121.045979°E / 14.568466; 121.045979
Line 3 Bridge Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 (Line 3) Brgys. Guadalupe Nuevo/Viejo and Barangay Barangka Ilaya 14.568466°N 121.045979°E / 14.568466; 121.045979

San Juan River
 Manila – Mandaluyong

Sevilla Bridge P. Sanchez Street to Shaw Boulevard Santa Mesa District and Barangay Daang Bakal 14.595367°N 121.028065°E / 14.595367; 121.028065

Maytunas Creek
 San Juan – Mandaluyong

Kalentong Bridge F. Blumentritt Street to Gen. Kalentong Street Barangay Kabayanan and Barangay Daang Bakal 14.593973°N 121.026128°E / 14.593973; 121.026128

Health
See also: List of hospitals in Metro Manila

Mandaluyong has several private and public hospitals & health center, namely the privately owned Dr. Victor R. Potenciano Medical Center along EDSA and Unciano General Hospital, and the government hospital Mandaluyong City Medical Center. The city is also home to the National Center for Mental Health. Many residents, specifically the middle-to-upper class medical clientele, visit the nearby The Medical City in Ortigas Center.

The Dr. Victor R. Potenciano Medical Center is a tertiary care hospital that has a 189-bed capacity within its 10-storey hospital building.

In 2007, the Mandaluyong City government, together with non-governmental organization Rehabilitation and Empowerment of Adults and Children (REACH) Foundation, established a community-based rehabilitation program called Project Therapy, Education, and Assimilation of Children with Handicap (TEACH), that caters to children with special needs coming from indigent families. Services given by Project TEACH include free occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy and special education classes.[29]

Education
St. Benilde Gymnasium in La Salle Green Hills

Four well-known educational institutions in the city are the Arellano University, Mandaluyong (Plaridel Campus), Don Bosco Technical College, Jose Rizal University and Rizal Technological University.

A good number of city officials of Mandaluyong are alumni of Don Bosco,[30] including incumbent Mayor, Benjamin Abalos, Jr. (HS '79);[31] former Vice Mayor, Renato Santa Maria (HS '65);[32] City Councilors Edward Bartolome (HS '96),[33] Noel Bernardo (HS '79),[34] and Jonathan Abalos (HS '85).[35] Other notable alumni include "King of Pinoy Rap," Francis Magalona (HS '81);[36] and actor Ricky Davao (HS '78).[37] Meanwhile, the alumni of JRU that includes President Ramon Magsaysay, Roderick Paulate, and Secretary Armand V. Fabella; Other colleges in the city include the Our Lady of Guadalupe Colleges (specializing in Medicine and Nursing), STI and AMA (both specializing in Computer Technology education, both located on Shaw Boulevard), NAMEI Polytechnic Institute (specializing in Marine Sciences), and the International Baptist College.

The city is also home to Lourdes School of Mandaluyong (est. 1959), a Franciscan-Marian all-boys school, located in the Ortigas Center district managed by the OFM Capuchins; La Salle Green Hills (est. 1959), a private all-boys high school, managed by the De La Salle Brothers, located along Ortigas Avenue; and Saint Pedro Poveda College (est. 1960), another all-girls institution, offering pre-school, grade school, high school, and college education. Although the official school address is Quezon City, part of the lot Poveda's campus stands on is under Mandaluyong City.

Mandaluyong High School (est. 1977) is the oldest public high school in the city. City of Mandaluyong Science High School (est. 1996), a public science high school on E. Pantaleon St. The city has 18 public schools, including primary and secondary schools as prioritize by the city government. The Mataas Na Paaralang Nepatli A. Gonzales is the largest school in Mandaluyong and the only school in the city which has the STEM highschool program. The Neptalians are also multi- awarded and has various great observations by the regional supervisors that captures their attentions.

International relations

Diplomatic missions

Countries that have set up permanent missions or embassies in the city include:

Sister cities
National

Official march

The official march of Mandaluyong is entitled "Martsa ng Mandaluyong" and was composed by then Councilor Delfin Asistio during the incumbency of then Mayor Benjamin Abalos.

See also

References
  1.  City of Mandaluyong | (DILG)
  2. "Province: NCR, SECOND DISTRICT (Not a Province)". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. Census of Population (2015). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  5. Marcial C. Amaro Jr., ed. (January–April 2010). "Anahaw" (PDF). Some Familiar Philippine Palms that Produce High Food Value and Tikog. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  6. "Murals of folklore lovers 'Manda', 'Luyong' brighten Shaw Blvd flyover". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  7. "City of Mandaluyong : Brief History : Political History". Mandaluyong.gov.ph. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  8. ""Archived copy". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 17 July 2014."
  9. ""Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)"
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