168th Street station (New York City Subway)

168th Street (formerly Washington Heights–168th Street) is an underground New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and IND Eighth Avenue Line. It is located at the intersection of 168th Street and Broadway in Washington Heights, Manhattan and served by the 1 and A trains at all times, and the C train at all times except late nights.

This article is about the station in Manhattan. For the former station in Queens, see 168th Street station (BMT Jamaica Line).

 168 Street
 ​​
New York City Subway station complex
Entrance at 169th Street
Station statistics
AddressWest 168th Street, Broadway, and
St. Nicholas Avenue
New York, NY 10032
BoroughManhattan
LocaleWashington Heights
Coordinates40.841022°N 73.939791°W / 40.841022; -73.939791
DivisionA (IRT), B (IND)
LineIND Eighth Avenue Line
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Services   1  (all times)​
   A  (all times)
​   C  (all except late nights)
Transit NYCT Bus: M2, M3, M5, M100, Bx7 (M4 on Fort Washington Avenue)
Short Line Bus: 208-GWB Eastside Commuter
Levels2
Other information
OpenedFor the transfer point, July 1, 1948 (1948-07-01)[1]
Station code605[2]
Accessible Partially ADA-accessible; accessibility to rest of station planned (IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms only)
Former/other namesWashington Heights–168th Street
Traffic
20196,156,288[3]  24.5%
Rank67 out of 424[3]

The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line station was built for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), and was a station on the West Side Branch of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. The station opened on April 14, 1906. The Eighth Avenue Line station was built as an express and terminal station for the Independent Subway System (IND) and opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the IND's first segment.

The IRT station has two side platforms and two tracks. The IND station has two island platforms and four tracks, although the track configuration is reversed from most New York City Subway express stations, with express trains using the outer tracks and local trains using the inner tracks. The transfer between the IRT platforms and the IND platforms has been within fare control since July 1, 1948. The IND station contains elevators, which make it compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). While the IRT station can only be reached by elevators, it is not ADA-accessible. The IRT station's interior is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and IND Eighth Avenue Line stations are connected by a passageway, which was placed inside fare control on July 1, 1948.[4]

Construction and opening

Planning for the city's first subway line dates to the Rapid Transit Act, authorized by the New York State Legislature in 1894.[5]:139–140 The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx.[6]:3 A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and legal challenges were resolved near the end of 1899.[5]:148 The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900,[7] in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line.[5]:182 In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations.[6]:4 Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.[5]:182

The 168th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 133rd Street to a point 100 feet (30 m) north of 182nd Street. Work on this section was conducted by L. B. McCabe & Brother, who started building the tunnel segment on May 14, 1900.[7]

The original New York City Subway line from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch opened in 1904,[5]:186[8]:189 with the line being extended to 157th Street that year.[9]:191 The West Side Branch was extended northward from 157th Street to a temporary terminus at 221st Street and Broadway on March 12, 1906, with the station at 168th Street not yet open.[10] This extension was served by shuttle trains operating between 157th Street and 221st Street for two months.[11] The 168th Street station opened for service on April 14, 1906.[12] On May 30, 1906, express trains began running through to 221st Street.[11] The opening of the first subway line, and particularly the 168th Street station, helped contribute to the development of Washington Heights.[13]:9

20th century changes

After the initial system was completed in 1908,[14] the station was served by West Side local and express trains. Express trains began at South Ferry in Manhattan or Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, and ended at 242nd Street in the Bronx. Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times.[15] In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, thereby dividing the original line into an "H" system. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.[16]

In Fiscal Year 1909, work was done to increase the carrying load of the elevators at the station.[17] In 1909, to address overcrowding, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway.[18]:168 On January 18, 1910, a modification was made to Contracts 1 and 2 to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $41.2 million in 2019) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $13,719,643 in 2019) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent.[19]:15 The northbound platform at the 168th Street station was extended 179 feet (55 m) to the south. The arched ceiling adjacent to the platform extension was replaced with a flat roof made of steel beams, since the arch's structural integrity was compromised by the platform extension.[19]:113 The southbound platform was not lengthened.[19]:106 On January 24, 1911, ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line.[18]:168[20]

In Fiscal Year 1923, work began on the installation of a new entrance with elevators on the west side of Broadway to increase the capacity of the station.[21] In Fiscal Year 1924, work to construct new entrances to the station was 87 percent complete, and two new elevators were installed.[22]

In 1948, platforms on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from 103rd Street to 238th Street were lengthened to 514 feet (157 m) to allow full ten-car express trains to stop at this station. Previously, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the platform extension opened for stations from 103rd Street to Dyckman Street, including this station but excluding 125th Street.[23][24] Simultaneously, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock. The first such fleet, the R12, was put into service in 1948.[25] The Broadway/West Side route to 242nd Street became known as the 1.[26] In 1959, all 1 trains became local.[27]

On December 28, 1950, the New York City Board of Transportation issued a report concerning the construction of bomb shelters in the subway system. Five deep stations in Washington Heights, including the 168th Street station, were considered to be ideal for being used as bomb-proof shelters. The program was expected to cost $104 million. These shelters were expected to provide limited protection against conventional bombs, while providing protection against shock waves and air blast, as well as from the heat and radiation from an atomic bomb. To become suitable as shelters, the stations would require water-supply facilities, first-aid rooms, and additional bathrooms.[28] However, the program, which required federal funding, was never completed.[29] In Fiscal Year 1958, two elevators at the station were replaced with automatic ones.[30] In Fiscal Year 1961, the installation of fluorescent lighting at the station was completed.[31]

In April 1988,[32] the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train.[33] When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and 168th Street was served by both the 1 and the 9.[34][35][36] Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005.[37][38]

Between July 5 and September 8, 1997, trains did not stop at the station while the elevators were modernized.[39]

21st century changes
IRT station, pre-renovation

In 2004, the number of elevator attendants at the station and four others in Washington Heights was reduced to one per station as a result of budget cuts by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The agency had intended to remove all the attendants, but kept one in each station after many riders protested. The change saved $1.2 million a year.[40] In November 2007, the MTA proposed savings cuts to help reduce the agency's deficit. As part of the plan, all elevator operators at 168th Street, along with those in four other stations in Washington Heights, would have been cut.[41] On December 7, 2007, the MTA announced that it would not remove the remaining elevator operators at 168th Street, along with those in four other stations in Washington Heights. The move was intended to save $1.7 million a year, but was not implemented due to pushback from elected officials and residents from the area.[42] In October 2018, the MTA again proposed removing the elevator operators at the five stations, but this decision was reversed after dissent from the Transport Workers' Union.[43]

The elevator attendants serve as a way to reassure passengers as the elevators are the only entrance to the platforms, and passengers often wait for the elevators with an attendant.[44] The attendants at the five stations are primarily maintenance and cleaning workers who suffered injuries that made it hard for them to continue doing their original jobs.[45]

From 2013 to 2016, the station was partially renovated, with the station ceiling and northbound platform tilework replaced with replicas and flooring replaced.[46] From January 5 to December 20, 2019, the station was closed so the elevator cars could be replaced, and elevator shafts, mechanical components, and the stairways could be upgraded. During this time, a free out-of-system transfer was provided to the A train at Inwood–207th Street, from both 207th Street and 215th Street.[47][48][49]

IND Eighth Avenue Line

The Eighth Avenue Line station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated Independent Subway System (IND)'s initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street.[50] Construction of the whole line cost $191.2 million. While the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line already provided service to Washington Heights, the new Eighth Avenue subway via St. Nicholas Avenue provided an alternative route.[51]

The A express train has always served the IND station since its inception in 1932.[52][53] Local service was initially provided by the AA train from 168th Street to Chambers Street/World Trade Center; at the time, local services were denoted by double letters and express services by single letters.[54] The AA was discontinued in 1933 when the CC was created to run on the local tracks along the Eighth Avenue and Concourse lines.[55] The original BB train started running with the opening of the Sixth Avenue Line on December 15, 1940, ran as a rush-hour only local service starting at 168th Street–Washington Heights. The "B" designation was originally intended to designate express trains originating in Washington Heights and going to Midtown Manhattan on the Sixth Avenue Line.[55] The AA was resurrected when the BB was created, running outside rush hours.[55] The AA was renamed the K in 1985, while the BB was renamed the B. The K train was completely replaced by the C's midday service on December 11, 1988, with all local service at 168th Strret being provided by the B.[54][56] On March 1, 1998, the B and the C switched northern terminals, ending B service to this station and bringing C trains to this station at all times except late nights.[52][57]

The IND station was planned to be renovated starting in 2016 as part of the 2010–2014 MTA Capital Program. An MTA study conducted in 2015 found that 48 percent of components were out of date.[53]

Station layout
G Street level Exit/entrance
B1 Mezzanine Fare control, station agent
Elevator on southeast corner of 168th Street and Saint Nicholas Avenue for A and ​C trains only; elevators to 1 train are not accessible
B2
Platform level		 Northbound express ← toward 207th Street (175th Street)
Island platform
Northbound local ← termination track
← toward 207th Street late nights (175th Street)
Southbound local → toward Euclid Avenue (163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue) →
Island platform
Southbound express → toward Far Rockaway, Lefferts Boulevard or Rockaway Park
(163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue late nights, 145th Street other times) →
→ toward Euclid Avenue (for trains that are coming from 207 St Yard) (163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue) →
B3 Crossover Crossover over Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line platforms; to elevators
B4
Platform level		 Side platform
Northbound ← toward 242nd Street (181st Street)
Southbound → toward South Ferry (157th Street) →
Side platform

The IRT platforms are very deep, with the only public connection between the platforms and fare control being made via elevator. Close to street level is an upper mezzanine level with an unstaffed fare control area. Four elevators lead down to a lower mezzanine below the IRT platforms.[13]:6 At the upper mezzanine, a closed passageway exists behind the elevator bank.

The IRT station is one of three stations in the New York City Subway system that can be accessed solely by elevators. The other two, also located on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, are 181st Street one stop to the north, as well as Clark Street on the 2 and ​3 trains in Brooklyn. However, the IRT station is not ADA-accessible.[58] As part of the 2017 Fast Forward plan to modernize the subway system, 50 more stations will become ADA-accessible during the MTA's 2020–2024 Capital Program, allowing all riders to have an accessible station within two stops in either direction.[59]:41 To meet this goal, one station in the Washington Heights/Inwood area will have to be made accessible on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line.[60] The 168th Street station was ultimately selected to be retrofitted as part of the plan.[61]

A slightly sloped corridor within fare control leads between the IRT and IND mezzanines.[13]:6 A full length mezzanine extends above the IND platforms. Elevators from the mezzanine to the street, and to each IND platform, make that portion of the station ADA-accessible.

Exits

The full-time fare control area is at the center of the mezzanine, and has a turnstile bank, token booth, and one staircase and one elevator going up to the southeast corner of West 168th Street and Saint Nicholas Avenue. The part-time side at the north end of the mezzanine has HEET turnstiles and three staircases, two to the southwest corner of Broadway and 169th Street and one to the northwest corner. An exit-only turnstile in the middle of the mezzanine, near the corridor leading to the IRT platforms, leads to a staircase going up to north end of Mitchell Square Park on the south side of West 168th Street between Broadway and Saint Nicholas Avenue.[62]

The passageway leading to the IRT elevators is just beyond the full-time fare control area. There are two exit stairs past this part-time fare control area, near the southwest corner of Broadway and 168th Street, which face north and south.[13]:6[62]

The southernmost portion of the mezzanine, which is outside fare control, is closed. It features one passage on the east side of the IND station with two exits to the southeastern corner of 167th Street and St. Nicholas Avenue[53] and a passage on the west side of the IND station with two exits to Mitchel Square Park. The closed mezzanine area is now used for New York City Transit employees only. The western area was closed in the 1980s for safety reasons, while the eastern area was closed in 1992.[53]

IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line platforms
 168 Street
 
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Station with 1 train approaching
Station statistics
DivisionA (IRT)
Line   IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Services   1  (all times)
StructureUnderground
Platforms2 side platforms
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedApril 14, 1906 (1906-04-14)
ClosedJanuary 5, 2019 (2019-01-05)
RebuiltDecember 20, 2019 (2019-12-20)
Station code302[2]
Accessible ADA-accessible to mezzanine only; accessibility to platforms planned
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Station succession
Next north191st Street: 1 
181st Street: no regular service (temporarily closed)
Next south157th Street: 1 
168th Street Subway Station (IRT)
MPSNew York City Subway System MPS
NRHP reference No.05000232[13]
Added to NRHPMarch 30, 2005

168th Street on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line has two tracks and two side platforms,[63][13]:3 and is served by the 1 train at all times.[64] The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.[13]

Near the north end of the station, there are four elevators adjacent to the southbound platform, which lead to the fare control level. These elevators are accessed via a concourse several steps above the southbound platform. The lower sections of the concourse walls are clad with white tile, topped by a band of green tile, while the tops of the walls and the ceilings are made of concrete. Two footbridges with staircases connect the platforms.[13]:6 A rear passageway at the lower mezzanine level allows passengers to board and alight on different sides of the elevator cabs.

The northern open bridge and northbound platform features a passageway east of the northbound side to an eastern elevator shaft.[13]:4[65] This shaft contained the two original elevators to and from the platforms.[13]:4 The eastern elevator tower was partially destroyed when the IND platforms were built; the space has since been repurposed as a ventilation chamber.[66] There is a closed stairway on the extreme northern end of both platforms, which ascends to a relay and signal power room. This stairway is not visible to the public.[13]:5

Design

Much of the station is contained within a vault that measures 47 feet (14 m) wide and 26 feet (7.9 m) high.[13]:3 The lowest 6 feet (1.8 m) of the vault walls are wainscoted with rust-colored brick. Atop the brick wainscoting are a belt course made of marble and a multicolored mosaic frieze measuring about 16 inches (410 mm) thick. The tops of the walls contain tan brick. Tile name tablets are placed above the frieze at regular intervals, with white letters on a dark-green background surrounded by floral designs. These tablets contain the text "168th Street".[13]:5

The station's platform extensions have ceilings that are 10 to 12 feet (3.0 to 3.7 m) above the platform level. At the portals between the original vault and the much lower ceilings of the platform extensions, there is a wide arch over the tracks flanked by narrow arches over each platform. These transitions are clad with tan brick. The arch over the tracks has a volute with a laurel wreath. Between the arches, the lower portions of the walls are clad in gray marble.[13]:4 The walls of the platform extensions have white ceramic tiles with mosaic friezes as well as plaques with the words "168th Street". The walls are divided every 15 feet (4.6 m) by multicolored tile pilasters that are 16 inches (410 mm) wide. There are two tile panels with the number "168" in each panel. Columns near the platform edge, clad with white tile, support the jack-arched concrete station roof.[13]:5

  • Mosaic name tile
  • Details of the mosaic work on the wall
  • Middle of uptown platform under renovation in 2013
  • The southbound platform under reconstruction in 2015

IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms
 168 Street
 ​
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Station statistics
DivisionB (IND)
Line   IND Eighth Avenue Line
Services   A  (all times)
​   C  (all except late nights)
StructureUnderground
Platforms2 island platforms
cross-platform interchange
Tracks4
Other information
OpenedSeptember 10, 1932 (1932-09-10)[67]
Station code148[2]
Accessible ADA-accessible (IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms only)
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Station succession
Next north175th Street: A 
(Terminal): C 
Next south163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue (local): A  ​C 
145th Street (express): A 

168th Street is an express station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line that has four tracks and two island platforms. It is served by the A train at all times,[68] and the C train at all times except late nights.[69] Unlike other express stations in the subway system, the inner tracks serve C local trains while the outer tracks serve A express trains during the daytime. This is to make it easier for C trains to terminate here, and turn around to make the southbound trip to Brooklyn. South of this station, the outer tracks descend to a lower level below the inner tracks, creating a two-over-two track layout. North of the station, the inner tracks continue north underneath Broadway to the 174th Street Yard, while the outer tracks turn sharply under Fort Washington Avenue before continuing to Inwood–207th Street. During the night, A trains make local stops, using the northbound local and southbound express tracks at this station.[63]

Both outer track walls have a maroon trim line with a black border and small "168" tile captions below them in white numbering on a black border. This station has a full length mezzanine above the platforms and tracks. Black I-beam columns run along the platform, alternating ones having the standard black name plate with white lettering.

  • An R32 C train entering service at 168th Street bound for Brooklyn
  • Deteriorating walls

Nearby points of interest

Nearby points of interest include NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, Fort Washington Park on the Hudson River waterfront, and remnants of the Audubon Ballroom.[62]

References
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