1904 United States presidential election in Michigan

The 1904 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the 1904 United States presidential election. Voters chose fourteen[1] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

1904 United States presidential election in Michigan

November 8, 1904

All 14 Michigan votes to the Electoral College
 
Nominee Theodore Roosevelt Alton B. Parker
Party Republican Democratic
Home state New York New York
Running mate Charles W. Fairbanks Henry G. Davis
Electoral vote 14 0
Popular vote 364,957 135,392
Percentage 69.51% 25.79%

County Results
Roosevelt
  50-60%
  60-70%
  70-80%
  80-90%
  90-100%


President before election

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Elected President

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Background

Following the Panic of 1893 and the Populist movement, Michigan would turn from a competitive Republican-leaning state into a rigidly one-party polity dominated by the Republican Party.[2] The dominance of the culture of the Lower Peninsula by anti-slavery Yankees[3] would be augmented by the turn of formerly Democratic-leaning German Catholics away from that party as a result of the remodelled party’s agrarian and free silver sympathies, which became rigidly opposed by both the upper class and workers who followed them.[4] A brief turn of the strongly evangelical Cabinet Counties toward the Populist movement in the 1896 presidential election would reverse itself following the return to prosperity under President William McKinley, so that these joined in Republican hegemony until the Great Depression.

In the 1894 elections, the Democratic Party lost all but one seat in the Michigan legislature,[5] and the party would only make minor gains there for the next third of a century. Unlike the other states of the Upper Midwest, the Yankee influence on the culture of the Lower Peninsula was so strong that left-wing third parties did not provide significant opposition to the Republicans, nor was there more than a moderate degree of coordinated factionalism within the hegemonic Michigan Republican Party.[6]

Vote

Although Michigan’s few Democrats had cast their vote for eventual nominee Alton Brooks Parker, they ultimately did nothing to campaign for him during his fall campaign, as polls consistently showed that Michigan would vote overwhelmingly Republican.[7] Incumbent Republican Theodore Roosevelt did briefly visit the state during his campaign, but did no extensive work because the state was believed so safe.[8] Predictions of a Roosevelt margin of 200,000 were conservative as in the end he defeated Parker by over 227,000 votes.

Roosevelt carried all 83 of Michigan’s counties by at least 56 percent. Parker broke forty percent only in Monroe County and thirty percent in just fourteen counties. In most of the sparsely populated Upper Peninsula, Roosevelt carried over eighty percent of the vote, and in two counties even exceeded ninety percent.

Results

1904 United States presidential election in Michigan[9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Theodore Roosevelt (inc.) 364,957 69.51%
Democratic Alton B. Parker 135,392 25.79%
Prohibition Silas C. Swallow 13,441 2.56%
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 9,042 1.72%
People's Thomas E. Watson 1,159 0.22%
Socialist Labor Charles Corregan 1,036 0.20%
Total votes 525,027 100%

Results by county

County Theodore Roosevelt[10]
Republican
Alton Brooks Parker[10]
Democratic
Silas Comfort Swallow[11]
Prohibition
Eugene Victor Debs[11]
Socialist
Thomas Watson[11]
People's
Charles Corregan[11]
Socialist Labor
Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # % # % # %
Alcona 901 87.31% 92 8.91% 20 1.94% 19 1.84% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 809 78.39% 1,032
Alger 1,081 81.40% 204 15.36% 10 0.75% 27 2.03% 4 0.30% 2 0.15% 877 66.04% 1,328
Allegan 5,589 73.98% 1,576 20.86% 278 3.68% 76 1.01% 31 0.41% 5 0.07% 4,013 53.12% 7,555
Alpena 2,498 69.37% 907 25.19% 30 0.83% 144 4.00% 7 0.19% 15 0.42% 1,591 44.18% 3,601
Antrim 2,608 82.90% 436 13.86% 85 2.70% 12 0.38% 5 0.16% 0 0.00% 2,172 69.04% 3,146
Arenac 1,372 68.77% 458 22.96% 90 4.51% 67 3.36% 6 0.30% 2 0.10% 914 45.81% 1,995
Baraga 564 73.34% 185 24.06% 11 1.43% 4 0.52% 2 0.26% 3 0.39% 379 49.28% 769
Barry 3,675 63.08% 1,817 31.19% 277 4.75% 41 0.70% 9 0.15% 7 0.12% 1,858 31.89% 5,826
Bay 7,609 68.25% 3,142 28.18% 245 2.20% 76 0.68% 23 0.21% 53 0.48% 4,467 40.07% 11,148
Benzie 1,582 74.06% 295 13.81% 215 10.07% 35 1.64% 5 0.23% 4 0.19% 1,287 60.25% 2,136
Berrien 7,309 62.99% 3,819 32.91% 206 1.78% 218 1.88% 31 0.27% 21 0.18% 3,490 30.08% 11,604
Branch 4,385 69.72% 1,598 25.41% 177 2.81% 58 0.92% 59 0.94% 12 0.19% 2,787 44.32% 6,289
Calhoun 7,506 64.49% 3,102 26.65% 304 2.61% 637 5.47% 35 0.30% 55 0.47% 4,404 37.84% 11,639
Cass 3,150 57.61% 1,937 35.42% 213 3.90% 138 2.52% 24 0.44% 6 0.11% 1,213 22.18% 5,468
Charlevoix 2,772 81.39% 469 13.77% 96 2.82% 58 1.70% 6 0.18% 5 0.15% 2,303 67.62% 3,406
Cheboygan 2,572 70.10% 979 26.68% 48 1.31% 50 1.36% 9 0.25% 11 0.30% 1,593 43.42% 3,669
Chippewa 2,920 77.78% 662 17.63% 130 3.46% 35 0.93% 6 0.16% 1 0.03% 2,258 60.15% 3,754
Clare 1,453 70.91% 519 25.33% 45 2.20% 27 1.32% 4 0.20% 1 0.05% 934 45.58% 2,049
Clinton 4,095 64.60% 2,068 32.62% 127 2.00% 32 0.50% 12 0.19% 5 0.08% 2,027 31.98% 6,339
Crawford 587 73.56% 190 23.81% 10 1.25% 8 1.00% 3 0.38% 0 0.00% 397 49.75% 798
Delta 3,332 79.88% 658 15.78% 48 1.15% 101 2.42% 10 0.24% 22 0.53% 2,674 64.11% 4,171
Dickinson 2,984 87.84% 283 8.33% 67 1.97% 45 1.32% 9 0.26% 9 0.26% 2,701 79.51% 3,397
Eaton 5,553 69.39% 2,141 26.75% 205 2.56% 62 0.77% 32 0.40% 10 0.12% 3,412 42.63% 8,003
Emmet 2,710 69.15% 941 24.01% 243 6.20% 10 0.26% 13 0.33% 2 0.05% 1,769 45.14% 3,919
Genesee 6,594 68.65% 2,281 23.75% 392 4.08% 300 3.12% 14 0.15% 24 0.25% 4,313 44.90% 9,605
Gladwin 1,093 79.49% 231 16.80% 34 2.47% 14 1.02% 1 0.07% 2 0.15% 862 62.69% 1,375
Gogebic 2,111 77.98% 414 15.29% 115 4.25% 43 1.59% 6 0.22% 18 0.66% 1,697 62.69% 2,707
Grand Traverse 3,383 81.40% 594 14.29% 135 3.25% 16 0.38% 21 0.51% 7 0.17% 2,789 67.11% 4,156
Gratiot 4,530 67.59% 1,863 27.80% 237 3.54% 45 0.67% 24 0.36% 3 0.04% 2,667 39.79% 6,702
Hillsdale 4,951 70.45% 1,659 23.61% 331 4.71% 46 0.65% 35 0.50% 6 0.09% 3,292 46.84% 7,028
Houghton 8,857 78.43% 1,471 13.03% 383 3.39% 528 4.68% 12 0.11% 42 0.37% 7,386 65.40% 11,293
Huron 4,191 71.09% 1,486 25.21% 170 2.88% 38 0.64% 8 0.14% 2 0.03% 2,705 45.89% 5,895
Ingham 6,817 60.55% 3,871 34.38% 381 3.38% 146 1.30% 27 0.24% 17 0.15% 2,946 26.17% 11,259
Ionia 5,440 63.81% 2,729 32.01% 247 2.90% 87 1.02% 16 0.19% 6 0.07% 2,711 31.80% 8,525
Iosco 1,482 75.30% 426 21.65% 34 1.73% 25 1.27% 1 0.05% 0 0.00% 1,056 53.66% 1,968
Iron 1,620 90.50% 139 7.77% 20 1.12% 3 0.17% 6 0.34% 2 0.11% 1,481 82.74% 1,790
Isabella 3,547 70.97% 1,321 26.43% 92 1.84% 19 0.38% 18 0.36% 1 0.02% 2,226 44.54% 4,998
Jackson 7,778 62.89% 4,131 33.40% 251 2.03% 110 0.89% 25 0.20% 72 0.58% 3,647 29.49% 12,367
Kalamazoo 7,163 62.34% 3,264 28.40% 495 4.31% 479 4.17% 26 0.23% 64 0.56% 3,899 33.93% 11,491
Kalkaska 1,354 83.89% 184 11.40% 69 4.28% 3 0.19% 4 0.25% 0 0.00% 1,170 72.49% 1,614
Kent 20,254 71.63% 6,430 22.74% 671 2.37% 825 2.92% 52 0.18% 45 0.16% 13,824 48.89% 28,277
Keweenaw 659 94.55% 29 4.16% 4 0.57% 2 0.29% 0 0.00% 3 0.43% 630 90.39% 697
Lake 907 79.42% 211 18.48% 9 0.79% 13 1.14% 2 0.18% 0 0.00% 696 60.95% 1,142
Lapeer 3,917 68.96% 1,519 26.74% 172 3.03% 57 1.00% 13 0.23% 2 0.04% 2,398 42.22% 5,680
Leelanau 1,464 75.27% 416 21.39% 58 2.98% 3 0.15% 2 0.10% 2 0.10% 1,048 53.88% 1,945
Lenawee 7,891 67.40% 3,334 28.48% 379 3.24% 44 0.38% 48 0.41% 11 0.09% 4,557 38.93% 11,707
Livingston 3,288 60.32% 1,988 36.47% 154 2.83% 9 0.17% 9 0.17% 3 0.06% 1,300 23.85% 5,451
Luce 364 80.89% 63 14.00% 16 3.56% 3 0.67% 1 0.22% 3 0.67% 301 66.89% 450
Mackinac 1,191 69.16% 503 29.21% 20 1.16% 4 0.23% 3 0.17% 1 0.06% 688 39.95% 1,722
Macomb 4,818 60.18% 2,989 37.33% 150 1.87% 30 0.37% 14 0.17% 5 0.06% 1,829 22.85% 8,006
Manistee 3,155 67.43% 1,235 26.39% 108 2.31% 155 3.31% 6 0.13% 20 0.43% 1,920 41.03% 4,679
Marquette 5,654 82.94% 785 11.52% 218 3.20% 120 1.76% 21 0.31% 19 0.28% 4,869 71.42% 6,817
Mason 2,394 72.13% 764 23.02% 121 3.65% 33 0.99% 5 0.15% 2 0.06% 1,630 49.11% 3,319
Mecosta 3,313 75.90% 898 20.57% 126 2.89% 25 0.57% 2 0.05% 1 0.02% 2,415 55.33% 4,365
Menominee 3,246 72.98% 989 22.23% 92 2.07% 102 2.29% 8 0.18% 11 0.25% 2,257 50.74% 4,448
Midland 2,107 70.63% 766 25.68% 73 2.45% 30 1.01% 6 0.20% 1 0.03% 1,341 44.95% 2,983
Missaukee 1,781 80.77% 345 15.65% 50 2.27% 19 0.86% 10 0.45% 0 0.00% 1,436 65.12% 2,205
Monroe 4,407 56.95% 3,127 40.41% 172 2.22% 16 0.21% 14 0.18% 3 0.04% 1,280 16.54% 7,739
Montcalm 5,314 76.73% 1,372 19.81% 161 2.32% 57 0.82% 9 0.13% 13 0.19% 3,942 56.92% 6,926
Montmorency 654 80.54% 146 17.98% 10 1.23% 0 0.00% 1 0.12% 1 0.12% 508 62.56% 812
Muskegon 5,453 76.46% 1,181 16.56% 103 1.44% 376 5.27% 5 0.07% 14 0.20% 4,272 59.90% 7,132
Newaygo 2,966 75.86% 790 20.20% 132 3.38% 15 0.38% 4 0.10% 3 0.08% 2,176 55.65% 3,910
Oakland 6,986 61.88% 3,956 35.04% 262 2.32% 60 0.53% 19 0.17% 6 0.05% 3,030 26.84% 11,289
Oceana 2,653 75.65% 591 16.85% 203 5.79% 46 1.31% 12 0.34% 2 0.06% 2,062 58.80% 3,507
Ogemaw 1,320 75.47% 329 18.81% 82 4.69% 9 0.51% 8 0.46% 1 0.06% 991 56.66% 1,749
Ontonagon 1,345 77.08% 355 20.34% 17 0.97% 22 1.26% 2 0.11% 4 0.23% 990 56.73% 1,745
Osceola 2,936 80.24% 562 15.36% 135 3.69% 14 0.38% 7 0.19% 5 0.14% 2,374 64.88% 3,659
Oscoda 323 86.13% 44 11.73% 7 1.87% 1 0.27% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 279 74.40% 375
Otsego 1,239 78.82% 266 16.92% 45 2.86% 14 0.89% 4 0.25% 4 0.25% 973 61.90% 1,572
Ottawa 5,908 75.33% 1,553 19.80% 176 2.24% 167 2.13% 19 0.24% 20 0.26% 4,355 55.53% 7,843
Presque Isle 1,861 82.93% 363 16.18% 13 0.58% 5 0.22% 1 0.04% 1 0.04% 1,498 66.76% 2,244
Roscommon 373 71.46% 116 22.22% 12 2.30% 20 3.83% 0 0.00% 1 0.19% 257 49.23% 522
Saginaw 10,146 60.66% 5,330 31.86% 202 1.21% 957 5.72% 21 0.13% 71 0.42% 4,816 28.79% 16,727
Sanilac 4,671 74.37% 1,217 19.38% 339 5.40% 24 0.38% 25 0.40% 5 0.08% 3,454 54.99% 6,281
Schoolcraft 1,472 83.49% 225 12.76% 41 2.33% 20 1.13% 3 0.17% 2 0.11% 1,247 70.73% 1,763
Shiawassee 5,553 66.19% 2,241 26.71% 465 5.54% 101 1.20% 15 0.18% 15 0.18% 3,312 39.48% 8,390
St. Clair 8,305 69.01% 3,248 26.99% 241 2.00% 210 1.74% 14 0.12% 17 0.14% 5,057 42.02% 12,035
St. Joseph 3,649 59.80% 2,176 35.66% 122 2.00% 109 1.79% 37 0.61% 9 0.15% 1,473 24.14% 6,102
Tuscola 4,992 72.15% 1,518 21.94% 349 5.04% 42 0.61% 14 0.20% 4 0.06% 3,474 50.21% 6,919
Van Buren 5,254 72.67% 1,634 22.60% 217 3.00% 71 0.98% 45 0.62% 9 0.12% 3,620 50.07% 7,230
Washtenaw 6,566 62.04% 3,779 35.71% 173 1.63% 35 0.33% 11 0.10% 19 0.18% 2,787 26.33% 10,583
Wayne 48,393 69.38% 19,548 28.03% 426 0.61% 1,183 1.70% 59 0.08% 141 0.20% 28,845 41.35% 69,750
Wexford 3,003 76.37% 690 17.55% 220 5.60% 12 0.31% 5 0.13% 2 0.05% 2,313 58.83% 3,932
Totals[lower-alpha 1]361,86369.53%134,16325.78%13,3122.56%8,9421.72%1,1450.22%1,0180.20%227,70043.75%520,443

Notes

  1. These figures are lower for all candidates than those from Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.

References

  1. "1904 Election for the Thirtieth Term (1905-1909)". Retrieved 2018-04-03.
  2. Burnham, Walter Dean; 'The System of 1896: An Analysis'; in The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, pp. 178-179 ISBN 0313213798
  3. English, Gustavus P.; Proceedings of the Ninth Republican National Convention (1888), p. 234
  4. Sundquist, James; Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years, p. 526 ISBN 0815719094
  5. ‘Swamped! The Democrats Drowned Out by a Tremendous Republican Tidal Wave’; The L'Anse Sentinel, November 10, 1894, p. 1
  6. Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo Hirano, and Snyder, James M. Jr.; ‘Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980’; in Gerber, Alan S. and Schickler, Eric; Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America, pp. 165-168 ISBN 978-1-107-09509-0
  7. ‘Parker Deserted’; Los Angeles Daily Times, October 10, 1904, p. 5
  8. ‘Ferris Elected on a Straw Vote’; Detroit Free Press, October 2, 1904, p. 4
  9. "1904 Presidential General Election Results - Michigan". Retrieved 2018-04-03.
  10. Géoelections; Popular Vote for President, 1904 (.xlsx file for €15)
  11. Géoelections; Popular Vote for Eugene V. Debs (1904) (.xlsx file for €15)
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