1900 United States presidential election in Michigan

The 1900 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 6, 1900, as part of the 1900 United States presidential election. Voters chose fourteen[1] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

1900 United States presidential election in Michigan

November 6, 1900

All 14 Michigan votes to the Electoral College
 
Nominee William McKinley William Jennings Bryan
Party Republican Democratic
Home state Ohio Nebraska
Running mate Theodore Roosevelt Adlai Stevenson I
Electoral vote 14 0
Popular vote 316,269 211,685
Percentage 58.10% 38.89%

County Results

President before election

William McKinley
Republican

Elected President

William McKinley
Republican

Background

Ever since the formation of the Republican Party, Michigan had been a Republican-leaning state due to the Lower Peninsula’s strong history of settlement by anti-slavery Yankees, who after the end of Reconstruction continued to see the need for solid Republican voting to oppose the solidly Democratic Confederate and Border States.[2] During the Third Party System, heavily Catholic and immigrant-settled Southeast Michigan would lean towards the Democratic Party, which was opposed to the moralistic pietism of Yankee Republicans.

In the 1892 election, aided by favorable demographic changes[3] and a legislative change allocating electors by congressional district, the Democratic Party managed to carry five of Michigan’s fourteen electoral votes, and also elect a Governor and a majority to the state legislature. However, the Panic of 1893 turned expectations or hopes of Michigan becoming a swing state rudely on its head, especially when incumbent President Cleveland stood firm, sending in troops to break the Pullman Strike. In the 1894 elections, only one Democrat maintained a seat in the state legislature,[4] a loss of seventy seats compared to the 1890 elections.

During the 1896 presidential election, the Methodist cabinet counties would turn towards evangelical free silver Democrat William Jennings Bryan,[5] whilst the previously Democratic German Catholic counties opposed free silver and turned to Republican nominee William McKinley as the Church opposed free silver and Bryan’s prohibitionist leanings.[6][7]

During the following two election cycles, the Democrats regained only a small portion of their 1894 losses in Michigan’s legislature. Both McKinley and Bryan would be re-nominated for the 1900 presidential election.

Vote

Bryan campaigned in the state in early October, relying on a theme of “misrule” in the colonies of Puerto Rico and the Philippines which had been acquired in the Spanish–American War.[8] In a speech at Muskegeon, Bryan argued that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were taxed without representation.[9]

As McKinley’s running mate, Theodore Roosevelt did not campaign in the state, as it was viewed as safe for the Republicans. All forecasts had the state being carried by McKinley,[10] and in some the state was regarded as so safe as not to be discussed. These predictions were borne out by the election result when McKinley carried Michigan by 58.05 percent to Bryan’s 38.96 percent and all but one county – St. Joseph in Michiana, which would prove the last time until Woodrow Wilson in 1916 when a Democrat won any Michigan county in a two-way race, for the state would become apart from Vermont the most solidly one-party Republican in the nation for the first third of the 20th century.

Results

1900 United States presidential election in Michigan[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William McKinley (inc.) 316,269 58.10%
Democratic William Jennings Bryan 211,685 38.89%
Prohibition John G. Woolley 11,859 2.18%
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 2,826 0.52%
People's Wharton Barker 903 0.17%
Socialist Labor Joseph F. Malloney 837 0.15%
Total votes 544,379 100%

Results by county

County William McKinley
Republican
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic
John Granville Woolley
Prohibition
Eugene Victor Debs
Socialist
Various candidates
Other parties
Margin Total votes cast[12]
# % # % # % # % # % # %
Alcona 849 84.06% 145 14.36% 12 1.19% 1 0.10% 3 0.30% 704 69.70% 1,010
Alger 1,017 69.90% 415 28.52% 15 1.03% 5 0.34% 3 0.21% 602 41.37% 1,455
Allegan 5,590 61.13% 3,275 35.82% 238 2.60% 26 0.28% 15 0.16% 2,315 25.32% 9,144
Alpena 2,283 59.34% 1,435 37.30% 31 0.81% 89 2.31% 9 0.23% 848 22.04% 3,847
Antrim 2,575 74.90% 729 21.20% 77 2.24% 38 1.11% 19 0.55% 1,846 53.69% 3,438
Arenac 972 51.02% 861 45.20% 47 2.47% 19 1.00% 6 0.31% 111 5.83% 1,905
Baraga 606 63.92% 333 35.13% 6 0.63% 2 0.21% 1 0.11% 273 28.80% 948
Barry 3,294 51.44% 2,895 45.21% 193 3.01% 10 0.16% 11 0.17% 399 6.23% 6,403
Bay 6,462 54.60% 5,081 42.93% 233 1.97% 23 0.19% 37 0.31% 1,381 11.67% 11,836
Benzie 1,472 66.28% 626 28.19% 111 5.00% 3 0.14% 9 0.41% 846 38.09% 2,221
Berrien 6,595 55.47% 4,960 41.72% 187 1.57% 104 0.87% 43 0.36% 1,635 13.75% 11,889
Branch 4,293 54.73% 3,419 43.59% 106 1.35% 8 0.10% 18 0.23% 874 11.14% 7,844
Calhoun 6,220 50.11% 5,560 44.79% 285 2.30% 294 2.37% 54 0.44% 660 5.32% 12,413
Cass 3,217 51.81% 2,825 45.50% 131 2.11% 17 0.27% 19 0.31% 392 6.31% 6,209
Charlevoix 2,268 71.28% 776 24.39% 84 2.64% 47 1.48% 7 0.22% 1,492 46.89% 3,182
Cheboygan 2,092 59.08% 1,398 39.48% 40 1.13% 6 0.17% 5 0.14% 694 19.60% 3,541
Chippewa 2,477 71.59% 893 25.81% 75 2.17% 8 0.23% 7 0.20% 1,584 45.78% 3,460
Clare 1,182 63.62% 640 34.45% 32 1.72% 2 0.11% 2 0.11% 542 29.17% 1,858
Clinton 3,795 55.08% 2,928 42.50% 139 2.02% 15 0.22% 13 0.19% 867 12.58% 6,890
Crawford 440 62.59% 252 35.85% 6 0.85% 4 0.57% 1 0.14% 188 26.74% 703
Delta 3,081 70.94% 1,210 27.86% 24 0.55% 11 0.25% 17 0.39% 1,871 43.08% 4,343
Dickinson 2,858 84.51% 451 13.34% 48 1.42% 12 0.35% 13 0.38% 2,407 71.17% 3,382
Eaton 4,809 53.78% 3,908 43.70% 185 2.07% 19 0.21% 21 0.23% 901 10.08% 8,942
Emmet 2,362 62.52% 1,281 33.91% 119 3.15% 6 0.16% 10 0.26% 1,081 28.61% 3,778
Genesee 6,478 59.43% 3,934 36.09% 396 3.63% 61 0.56% 32 0.29% 2,544 23.34% 10,901
Gladwin 978 75.23% 299 23.00% 18 1.38% 3 0.23% 2 0.15% 679 52.23% 1,300
Gogebic 2,166 73.13% 676 22.82% 92 3.11% 11 0.37% 17 0.57% 1,490 50.30% 2,962
Grand Traverse 3,127 68.38% 1,286 28.12% 137 3.00% 10 0.22% 13 0.28% 1,841 40.26% 4,573
Gratiot 4,263 55.49% 3,202 41.68% 168 2.19% 21 0.27% 29 0.38% 1,061 13.81% 7,683
Hillsdale 4,780 56.93% 3,324 39.59% 255 3.04% 24 0.29% 14 0.17% 1,456 17.34% 8,397
Houghton 8,019 73.39% 2,422 22.17% 441 4.04% 30 0.27% 15 0.14% 5,597 51.22% 10,927
Huron 3,632 60.57% 2,120 35.36% 164 2.74% 64 1.07% 16 0.27% 1,512 25.22% 5,996
Ingham 5,350 49.60% 5,104 47.32% 281 2.60% 24 0.22% 28 0.26% 246 2.28% 10,787
Ionia 5,101 54.31% 4,055 43.18% 196 2.09% 28 0.30% 12 0.13% 1,046 11.14% 9,392
Iosco 1,402 66.41% 679 32.16% 23 1.09% 5 0.24% 2 0.09% 723 34.25% 2,111
Iron 1,561 84.88% 257 13.97% 13 0.71% 6 0.33% 2 0.11% 1,304 70.91% 1,839
Isabella 2,969 58.64% 1,996 39.42% 69 1.36% 6 0.12% 23 0.45% 973 19.22% 5,063
Jackson 6,325 49.01% 6,203 48.06% 333 2.58% 28 0.22% 17 0.13% 122 0.95% 12,906
Kalamazoo 6,010 53.62% 4,707 41.99% 256 2.28% 192 1.71% 44 0.39% 1,303 11.62% 11,209
Kalkaska 1,312 75.45% 361 20.76% 56 3.22% 8 0.46% 2 0.12% 951 54.69% 1,739
Kent 17,861 54.79% 13,775 42.26% 813 2.49% 99 0.30% 50 0.15% 4,086 12.53% 32,598
Keweenaw 452 92.24% 31 6.33% 4 0.82% 1 0.20% 2 0.41% 421 85.92% 490
Lake 841 68.88% 350 28.67% 14 1.15% 6 0.49% 10 0.82% 491 40.21% 1,221
Lapeer 3,706 59.71% 2,208 35.57% 215 3.46% 62 1.00% 16 0.26% 1,498 24.13% 6,207
Leelanau 1,468 68.41% 634 29.54% 36 1.68% 3 0.14% 5 0.23% 834 38.86% 2,146
Lenawee 6,847 51.75% 5,966 45.09% 345 2.61% 19 0.14% 55 0.42% 881 6.66% 13,232
Livingston 2,860 49.70% 2,727 47.38% 152 2.64% 9 0.16% 7 0.12% 133 2.31% 5,755
Luce 405 70.31% 159 27.60% 10 1.74% 0 0.00% 2 0.35% 246 42.71% 576
Mackinac 1,059 61.71% 632 36.83% 15 0.87% 9 0.52% 1 0.06% 427 24.88% 1,716
Macomb 4,239 53.75% 3,491 44.26% 141 1.79% 8 0.10% 8 0.10% 748 9.48% 7,887
Manistee 3,152 56.33% 2,336 41.74% 91 1.63% 10 0.18% 7 0.13% 816 14.58% 5,596
Marquette 5,235 75.52% 1,471 21.22% 177 2.55% 13 0.19% 36 0.52% 3,764 54.30% 6,932
Mason 2,185 61.31% 1,251 35.10% 85 2.38% 34 0.95% 9 0.25% 934 26.21% 3,564
Mecosta 2,802 65.44% 1,375 32.11% 88 2.06% 10 0.23% 7 0.16% 1,427 33.33% 4,282
Menominee 3,121 65.97% 1,543 32.61% 36 0.76% 13 0.27% 18 0.38% 1,578 33.35% 4,731
Midland 1,784 57.64% 1,221 39.45% 51 1.65% 19 0.61% 20 0.65% 563 18.19% 3,095
Missaukee 1,421 67.12% 616 29.10% 57 2.69% 18 0.85% 5 0.24% 805 38.03% 2,117
Monroe 3,876 48.88% 3,859 48.67% 160 2.02% 12 0.15% 22 0.28% 17 0.21% 7,929
Montcalm 4,826 63.15% 2,636 34.49% 148 1.94% 20 0.26% 12 0.16% 2,190 28.66% 7,642
Montmorency 543 69.17% 233 29.68% 6 0.76% 3 0.38% 0 0.00% 310 39.49% 785
Muskegon 5,250 63.60% 2,796 33.87% 127 1.54% 55 0.67% 27 0.33% 2,454 29.73% 8,255
Newaygo 2,607 62.68% 1,424 34.24% 120 2.89% 3 0.07% 5 0.12% 1,183 28.44% 4,159
Oakland 6,173 53.04% 4,966 42.67% 460 3.95% 30 0.26% 9 0.08% 1,207 10.37% 11,638
Oceana 2,407 63.08% 1,199 31.42% 183 4.80% 13 0.34% 14 0.37% 1,208 31.66% 3,816
Ogemaw 1,186 67.31% 518 29.40% 46 2.61% 5 0.28% 7 0.40% 668 37.91% 1,762
Ontonagon 982 68.82% 429 30.06% 14 0.98% 0 0.00% 2 0.14% 553 38.75% 1,427
Osceola 2,635 71.08% 880 23.74% 175 4.72% 7 0.19% 10 0.27% 1,755 47.34% 3,707
Oscoda 245 79.80% 60 19.54% 2 0.65% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 185 60.26% 307
Otsego 1,020 67.95% 436 29.05% 33 2.20% 8 0.53% 4 0.27% 584 38.91% 1,501
Ottawa 5,324 62.21% 3,050 35.64% 142 1.66% 25 0.29% 17 0.20% 2,274 26.57% 8,558
Presque Isle 1,328 71.67% 496 26.77% 17 0.92% 4 0.22% 8 0.43% 832 44.90% 1,853
Roscommon 327 64.50% 175 34.52% 5 0.99% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 152 29.98% 507
Saginaw 8,413 50.17% 7,610 45.38% 207 1.23% 427 2.55% 112 0.67% 803 4.79% 16,769
Sanilac 4,173 63.93% 2,065 31.64% 262 4.01% 8 0.12% 19 0.29% 2,108 32.30% 6,527
Schoolcraft 1,141 69.91% 460 28.19% 21 1.29% 7 0.43% 3 0.18% 681 41.73% 1,632
Shiawassee 5,051 56.69% 3,441 38.62% 390 4.38% 12 0.13% 16 0.18% 1,610 18.07% 8,910
St. Clair 7,432 61.41% 4,403 36.38% 192 1.59% 50 0.41% 26 0.21% 3,029 25.03% 12,103
St. Joseph 3,178 48.19% 3,283 49.78% 101 1.53% 4 0.06% 29 0.44% -105 -1.59% 6,595
Tuscola 4,726 61.26% 2,648 34.32% 306 3.97% 14 0.18% 21 0.27% 2,078 26.93% 7,715
Van Buren 4,892 58.72% 3,235 38.83% 151 1.81% 21 0.25% 32 0.38% 1,657 19.89% 8,331
Washtenaw 5,369 50.10% 5,072 47.33% 222 2.07% 43 0.40% 10 0.09% 297 2.77% 10,716
Wayne 36,671 55.26% 28,337 42.70% 543 0.82% 369 0.56% 436 0.66% 8,334 12.56% 66,356
Wexford 2,519 67.75% 1,014 27.27% 119 3.20% 57 1.53% 9 0.24% 1,505 40.48% 3,718
Totals313,49558.05%210,41838.96%11,6852.16%2,7630.51%1,7100.32%103,07719.09%540,071

References

  1. "1900 Election for the Twenty-Ninth Term (1901-1905)". Retrieved 2018-04-03.
  2. English, Gustavus P.; Proceedings of the Ninth Republican National Convention (1888), p. 234
  3. Kleppner, Paul; The Third Electoral System, 1853-1892: Parties, Votes and Political Cultures, pp. 198-207 ISBN 0807813281
  4. ‘Swamped! The Democrats Drowned Out by a Tremendous Republican Tidal Wave’; The L'Anse Sentinel, November 10, 1894, p. 1
  5. Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, p. 31 ISBN 0786422173
  6. Kleppner, Paul (1970). The cross of culture: a social analysis of midwestern politics, 1850-1900. Free Press. pp. 323-335
  7. Harpine, William D.; From the Front Porch to the Front Page: McKinley and Bryan in the 1896 Presidential Campaign, pp. 166-167 ISBN 9781585444502
  8. ‘Misrule of Puerto Ricans Told in a Report by Pattison’; The Enquirer (Cincinnati), October 11, 1900, p. 2
  9. ‘Misrule of Puerto Ricans’, The Semi-Weekly Times-Democrat (New Orleans, Louisiana), October 12, 1900, p. 2
  10. ‘The Herald Forecast’; The Kansas City Star, October 21, 1900, p. 1
  11. "1900 Presidential General Election Results – Michigan". Retrieved 2018-04-03.
  12. Géoelections; Popular Vote at the Presidential Election for 1900 (.xlsx file for €30 including full minor party figures)
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