Demographics of Réunion

This article concerns the demography of Réunion. People of Réunion are Réunionese. The official language is French, and Réunionese Creole is widely spoken. The population of Réunion is 882,526 as of 2018.[1][2]

Population

As of 2018, estimates put the population of Réunion at 882,526, with a growth rate of 1.63%. The birth rate was estimated at 21.84 births per 1,000 population, and the death rate at 5.55 deaths per 1,000 population in the same year. The net migration rate was zero in 2000. The following table describes age structure and sex ratios in Réunion.

Age structure and sex ratio
Age band (years)Percentage populationSex ratio (male/female)
At birth n/a 1.05
0-14 32 1.05
15-64 62 0.97
65+ 6 0.68

Structure of the population [3]

Structure of the population (01.01.2010) (Provisional estimates) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 399 728 428 326 828 054 100
0-4 35 044 33 093 68 137 8,23
5-9 36 404 34 819 71 223 8,60
10-14 36 292 34 535 70 827 8,55
15-19 35 775 35 479 71 254 8,60
20-24 28 067 28 265 56 332 6,80
25-29 22 922 27 618 50 540 6,10
30-34 24 936 30 303 55 239 6,67
35-39 28 029 32 557 60 586 7,32
40-44 32 311 35 469 67 780 8,19
45-49 30 352 31 939 62 291 7,52
50-54 24 261 25 699 49 960 6,03
55-59 20 577 21 820 42 397 5,12
60-64 15 588 15 727 31 315 3,78
65-69 11 380 12 867 24 247 2,93
70-74 7 912 10 529 18 441 2,23
75-79 5 036 7 513 12 549 1,52
80-84 2 948 5 295 8 243 1,00
85-89 1 438 3 203 4 641 0,56
90-94 350 1 173 1 523 0,18
95+ 106 423 529 0,06
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 107 740 102 446 210 187 25,38
15-64 262 818 284 877 547 695 66,14
65+ 29 170 41 003 70 173 8,47

Historical population
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950248,000—    
1960335,000+35.1%
1970462,000+37.9%
1980510,000+10.4%
1990612,000+20.0%
2000739,000+20.8%
2010846,000+14.5%
2019866,500+2.4%
Source:[4] 2019 data[5]
YearPopulation YearPopulation YearPopulation
167190 1830101 300 1961349 282
1696269 1848110 300 1967416 525
1704734 1849120 900 1974476 675
17131 171 1860200 000 1982515 814
17172 000 1870212 000 1990597 823
172412 550 1887163 881 1999706 300
176425 000 1897173 192 2006781 962
177735 100 1926182 637 2007790 500
178961 300 1946241 708 2008802 001
182687 100 1954274 370
Official data from INSEE by census or estimate; estimates shown in italics.

Vital statistics[6][7]
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1950 248 11 7145 5706 144 48.022.825.2
1951 259 11 6844 6537 031 46.518.528.0
1952 268 13 2314 6778 554 51.318.133.2
1953 277 13 5974 4449 153 51.116.734.4
1954 284 13 6134 0649 549 49.714.834.9
1955 292 14 0824 3949 688 49.215.433.9
1956 300 14 1293 74610 383 47.712.735.1
1957 308 14 4843 46411 020 46.911.235.7
1958 317 14 2714 5949 677 44.914.430.4
1959 326 14 3884 4229 966 44.013.530.5
1960 336 14 8563 89210 964 44.011.532.4
1961 345 15 2054 00111 204 43.711.532.2
1962 355 15 9374 12111 816 44.411.532.9
1963 366 16 4824 05812 424 44.410.933.5
1964 378 16 6813 96012 721 43.310.333.0
1965 391 16 8693 80613 063 42.99.733.2
1966 405 16 6834 28412 399 41.410.630.8
1967 421 16 0133 58612 427 38.18.529.6
1968 437 15 8273 76312 064 37.28.828.3
1969 451 15 1533 86711 286 34.88.925.9
1970 462 13 4373 6639 774 30.18.221.9
1971 470 14 4323 49410 938 31.77.724.0
1972 475 13 7403 39110 349 29.77.322.4
1973 479 13 2873 3779 910 28.37.221.1
1974 482 13 4233 09010 333 28.36.521.8
1975 485 13 3013 18210 119 27.76.621.0
1976 488 12 8283 1139 715 26.36.420.0
1977 492 12 5173 1199 398 25.46.319.1
1978 497 11 9783 1298 849 24.16.317.8
1979 503 12 4443 0219 423 24.86.018.7
1980 509 12 3023 2589 044 24.26.417.8
1981 517 11 8383 1618 677 23.16.216.9
1982 527 11 9643 0488 916 23.15.917.2
1983 537 12 4843 3019 183 23.76.317.4
1984 548 13 1163 04010 076 24.45.718.8
1985 559 13 1633 01810 145 24.15.518.6
1986 569 12 7973 0659 732 23.05.517.5
1987 579 12 5993 0909 509 22.35.516.8
1988 589 13 5613 16310 398 23.65.518.1
1989 599 13 8983 30710 591 23.65.618.0
1990 597.828 13 8773 15110 726 23.15.217.8
1991 607.837 14 1173 40110 716 23.15.617.5 2.56
1992 620.333 14 2403 34710 893 22.85.417.4 2.55
1993 633.030 13 4323 20510 227 21.35.116.2 2.38
1994 645.093 13 3273 08910 238 20.74.815.9 2.33
1995 657.162 13 0533 1359 918 19.94.815.1 2.27
1996 668.915 13 0473 5659 482 19.55.314.2 2.25
1997 680.185 13 7123 55310 159 20.15.214.9 2.35
1998 692.184 13 5383 7319 807 19.55.414.2 2.31
1999 703.820 14 1533 82510 328 20.05.414.6 2.33
2000 716.314 14 5943 83610 758 20.25.314.9 2.51
2001 729.010 14 5413 82910 712 19.85.214.6 2.45
2002 740.207 14 7894 00410 785 19.85.414.4 2.41
2003 750.840 14 4274 04110 386 19.05.313.7 2.43
2004 761.630 14 5453 95810 587 18.95.113.8 2.45
2005 772.907 14 6104 35710 253 18.75.613.1 2.49
2006 781.962 14 4954 32310 172 18.45.512.9 2.44
2007 794.107 14 8083 97410 834 18.65.013.6 2.47
2008 808.250 14 9274 11510 812 18.45.113.4 2.47
2009 816.364 14 2994 10910 190 17.45.012.4 2.37
2010 821.136 14 1474 2209 927 17.05.111.9 2.36
2011 828.581 14 1244 00210 122 16.54.711.8 2.37
2012 833.944 14 2884 16710 121 16.54.811.7 2.43
2013 835.103 14 0024 2589 744 16.65.111.5 2.41
2014 842.767 14 0954 3559 740 16.85.211.6 2.44
2015 850.727 14 0114 5319 480 16.55.311.2 2.46
2016 852.924 13 7424 6859 053 16.15.510.6 2.43
2017 853.659 13 7084 6739 035 16.05.510.5 2.44
2018 856.148 13 3645 0118 353 15.65.89.8 2.40
2019 857.961 13 1715 0648 107 15.45.69.8 2.39
2020 859.959

Life expectancy

At birth, life expectancy is 76.5 years for male children, and 82.9 for female (figures for 2011).[7]

Religion
Moufia Mosque in Saint-Denis

The predominant religion is Roman Catholicism with Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism also represented, among others.

Language

French is the only official language of Reunion. Although not official, Réunion Creole is also commonly spoken by the majority of the population. One can hear it in any administration or office, but education is only in French.[8]

Tamil is taught as optional language in some schools.[9] Due to the diverse population, other languages such as Mandarin, Hakka and Cantonese are also spoken by members of the Chinese community, but fewer people speak these languages as younger generations start to converse in French. The number of speakers of Indian languages (mostly Urdu and Gujarati) is also dropping sharply. Arabic is taught in mosques and spoken by a small community of Arabs.

Ethnic groups
See also: Cafres, Indo-Réunionnais, Malbars, and Chinois (Réunion)
Manapany

Ethnic groups present include people of European, African, Malagasy, Indians and Chinese origin as well as many of mixed race. Local names for these are used: Yabs, Cafres, Malbars and Zarabes (both ethnic groups of Indian origin) and Chinois.

The proportion of people of each ethnicity is not known exactly, since the 1958 constitution bans questions about ethnicity in compulsory censuses in France.[10] Extensive and long-going intermarriage also blurs the issue. Whites are estimated to make up approximately one-quarter of the population, Indians also roughly a quarter, and people of Chinese ancestry to form roughly 3%. The percentages of racially mixed people and those of Afro-Malagasy origins vary wildly between estimates, though they are very few in number.[11][12][13]

People of Tamil origin make up the majority of the Indo-Réunionnais people; Gujarati, Bihari and other origins form the remainder of the population. The island's community of Muslims from modern region of Pakistan and North India and elsewhere is also commonly referred to as Zarabes.

Creoles (a name given to those born on the island, of various ethnic origins), make up the majority of the population. Groups that are not creole include people from Metropolitan France (known as Zoreilles) and those from Mayotte and the Comoros.

Genetics

In 2005, a genetic study on the racially mixed people of Réunion found the following. For maternal (mitochondrial) DNA, the haplogroups are Indian (44%), East Asian (27%), European/Middle Eastern (19%) or African (10%). The Indian lineages are M2, M6 and U2i, the East Asian ones are E1, D5a, M7c, and F (E1 and M7c also found only in South East Asia and in Madagascar), the European/Middle Eastern ones are U2e, T1, J, H, and I, and the African ones are L1b1, L2a1, L3b, and L3e1.[14]

For paternal (Y-chromosome) DNA, the haplogroups are European/Middle Eastern (85%) or East Asian (15%). The European lineages are R1b and I, the Middle Eastern one E1b1b1c (formerly E3b3) (also found in Northeast Africa), and the East Asian ones are R1a (found in many parts of the world including Europe and Central and Southern Asia but the particular sequence has been found in Asia) and O3.[14]

References
  1. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  2. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  3. "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  4. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  5. INSEE. "Estimation de population par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge - Années 1975 à 2019" (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-19.
  6. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
  7. "Insee - Population". insee.fr.
  8. "Ethnologue report (language code:rcf)". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  9. "NRI" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
  10. Oppenheimer, David B. (2008-08-20). "SSRN-Why France Needs to Collect Data on Racial Identity - In a French Way by David Oppenheimer". Papers.ssrn.com. SSRN 1236362. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. Clicanoo. "La Réunion Métisse".
  12. Tarnus, Evelyne; Bourdon, Emmanuel (2006). "Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La Réunion". Advances in Physiology Education. 30 (4): 248–253. doi:10.1152/advan.00069.2005. PMID 17108254.
  13. Archived February 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  14. Gemma Berniell-Lee; Stéphanie Plaza; Elena Bosch; Francesc Calafell; Eric Jourdan; Maya Cesari; Gérard Lefranc & David Comas (2008). "Admixture and Sexual Bias in the Population Settlement of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. WILEY-LISS, INC. 136 (1): 100–107. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20783. PMID 18186507. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
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