Demographics of Niger

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Niger, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

This article is about the people of Niger. It is not to be confused with Nigerians, the people of Nigeria.
Niger population pyramid in 2020
Nigerien people
Fulani women with traditional facial tattoos.
Languages
French and Regional languages
Religion
Islam • Christianity • Traditional Beliefs

The largest ethnic groups in Niger are the Hausa, who also constitute the major ethnic group in northern Nigeria, and the Zarma Songhay (also spelled Djerma-Songhai), who also are found in parts of Mali. Both groups are sedentary farmers who live in the arable, southern tier. The Kanouri (including Beri Beri, Manga) make up the majority of sedentary population in the far southeast of the nation. The remainder of the Nigerien people are nomadic or seminomadic livestock-raising peoples—Tuareg, Fulani,[1] Toubou and Diffa Arabs. With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of these two types of peoples have come increasingly into conflict in Niger in recent years.

Niger's high infant mortality rate is comparable to levels recorded in neighboring countries. However, the child mortality rate (deaths among children between the ages of 1 and 4) is exceptionally high (274 per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of the country's children. Niger's very high total fertility rate (6.89 children born per woman, which is the highest in the world[2]), nonetheless, means that nearly half (49%) of the Nigerien population is under age 15. School attendance is low (34%), including 38% of males and 27% of females. Additional education occurs through Koranic schools.

Population
Demographics of Niger, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
YearPopulation

(persons)

 %+
1960 3,240,000 —
1970 4,210,000 29.9%
1980 5,578,000 32.5%
1990 7,754,610 39.0%
2000 10,492,569 35.3%
2010 15,203,822 44.9%

Source: Institut National de la Statistique - Niger[3]

Census results
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1977 5,102,990—    
1988 7,251,626+42.1%
2001 11,060,291+52.5%
2012 17,138,707+55.0%

UN estimates

According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[4][5] the total population was 22,442,831 in 2018, compared to only 2 462 000 in 1950. The proportion of children and teenagers below the age of 15 in 2010 was 49%, 48.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while only 2.2% was 65 years or older.[6]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2 462 00049.549.60.9
1955 2 834 00048.151.10.8
1960 3 250 00047.151.81.1
1965 3 766 00046.951.71.3
1970 4 373 00047.750.81.5
1975 5 071 00048.150.31.6
1980 5 871 00048.050.31.7
1985 6 744 00048.249.91.9
1990 7 788 00048.349.72.0
1995 9 179 00048.349.62.1
2000 10 922 00048.549.42.1
2005 12 994 00048.949.02.1
2010 15 512 00049.048.82.2

Life expectancy
Period Life expectancy in
Years[7]
1950–1955 34.50
1955–1960 34.81
1960–1965 35.29
1965–1970 35.62
1970–1975 36.32
1975–1980 37.75
1980–1985 40.36
1985–1990 42.27
1990–1995 45.01
1995–2000 48.36
2000–2005 51.42
2005–2010 54.91
2010–2015 58.53

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Niger is incomplete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [6]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955139 00066 00074 00052.624.827.86.86174
1955-1960164 00076 00088 00053.824.929.06.96171
1960-1965195 00089 000105 00055.525.530.17.13167
1965-1970229 000105 000124 00056.225.830.47.32164
1970-1975263 000121 000142 00055.825.630.27.52162
1975-1980301 000138 000164 00055.125.129.97.63161
1980-1985350 000157 000193 00055.424.830.67.76159
1985-1990406 000179 000227 00055.924.631.37.81155
1990-1995471 000192 000279 00055.522.732.87.78146
1995-2000538 000194 000344 00053.519.334.27.60131
2000-2005614 000194 000420 00051.316.235.17.40113
2005-2010705 000196 000509 00049.513.835.77.1996
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and births

Total fertility rate (TFR; Wanted Fertility Rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[8]

Year CBR total TFR total CBR urban TFR urban CBR rural TFR rural
1988 7.51
1992 7.37 (7,1) 6.71 (6,3) 7.52 (7,3)
1998 52.8 7.5 (7,2) 44.0 5.9 (5,6) 55.0 7.9 (7,7)
2006 46.1 7.1 (6,9) 40.7 6.0 (5,6) 47.1 7.4 (7,2)
2012 46.6 7.6 (6,8) 39.0 5.6 (4,7) 48.1 8.1 (7,3)

Fertility data as of 2012 (DHS Program):[9]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Agadez5.79.27.1
Diffa6.411.06.3
Dosso7.511.77.7
Maradi8.416.49.0
Tahoua7.313.07.5
Tillabéri7.915.67.8
Zinder8.517.38.6
Niamey5.39.65.9

Ethnic groups
Population of Niger according to ethnic group in 1988 and 2001
Ethnic
group		 census 1988[10] census 2001[10]
Number % Number %
Hausa3,770,92753.06,069,73155.4
Djerma1,511,34121.22,300,87421.0
Tuareg739,20210.41,016,8839.3
Fulani694,4289.8935,5178.5
Kanuri316,4714.4513,1164.7
Toubou31,4030.442,1720.4
Arab24,1780.340,0850.4
Gurma19,7140.339,7970.4
Other12,2650.25,9510.1
Total 7,119,929 10,964,126

Core health indicators
World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[11]
IndicatorValue(year)
Life expectancy at birth (years) males61.05(2015)
Life expectancy at birth (years) females62.9(2015)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) males36.0(2002)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) females35.0(2002)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) males502(2005)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) females478(2005)
Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product4.2(2004)
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate25.9(2004)
Population (in thousands) total13957(2005)

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[12]

  • One birth every 29 seconds
  • One death every 3 minutes
  • One net migrant every 90 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 36 seconds

The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook[13] unless otherwise indicated.

Population
19,866,231 (July 2018 est.)

Age structure
Population pyramid of Niger in 2017
0-14 years: 48.68% (male 4,878,031 /female 4,793,021)
15-24 years: 19.36% (male 1,899,879 /female 1,945,806)
25-54 years: 26.02% (male 2,581,597 /female 2,587,913)
55-64 years: 3.3% (male 340,032 /female 315,142)
65 years and over: 2.64% (male 268,072 /female 256,738) (2018 est.)

Birth rate
43.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

Death rate
11.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Total fertility rate
6.35 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st

Median age
total: 15.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 228th
male: 15.4 years
female: 15.7 years (2018 est.)

Population growth rate
3.16% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th

Mother's mean age at first birth
18.1 years (2012 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate
18.9% (2017)

Net migration rate
-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 125th

Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 111.6 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 106.2 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 18.6 (2015 est.)

Urbanization
urban population: 16.4% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio


at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
younger than 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
total population: 56.3 years (2018 est.)
male: 55 years (2018 est.)
female: 57.7 years (2018 est.)
total population: 52.6 years
male: 51.39 years
female: 53.85 years (2010 est.)

Nationality

noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: Nigerien

Ethnic Groups[14]

Religions

Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist 0.2%, none 0.1% (2012 est.)

Languages[14]
Main article: Languages of Niger

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 19.1% (2015 est.)
male: 27.3% (2015 est.)
female: 11% (2015 est.)
Total population: 28.7% (2004 est.; source: UNDP 2006; NB- this figure is given without reference to which languages are considered)
Male: 42.9%
Female: 15.1%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 6 years (2017)
male: 7 years (2017)
female: 6 years (2017)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 80% (2011 est.)
male: 55% (2019 est.)
female: 25% (2019 est.)

See also

References
  1. In Fula: Fulɓe; in French: Peul.
  2. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html
  3. "Annuaire Statistique - Démographie". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
  4. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  5. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  6. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  8. http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=11&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=
  9. http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR277/FR277.pdf
  10. UN Demographic Yearbooks
  11. World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger.
  12. "Niger Population 2019", World Population Review
  13. "The World FactBook - Niger", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  14. "Africa :: NIGER". CIA The World Factbook.
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