Canadian County, Oklahoma

Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 115,541,[1] making it the fourth-most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno.[2] The county is named for the Canadian River, which is in turn named because its earliest explorers were traders and trappers from Canada.[3]

"Canadian County" redirects here. For information on the subdivisions of Canadian provinces, see counties of Canada.
Not to be confused with Canadian, Oklahoma.
Canadian County
U.S. county
Location within the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Oklahoma's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°32′N 97°59′W
Country United States
State Oklahoma
FoundedMarch, 1890
Named forCanadian River
SeatEl Reno
Largest cityOklahoma City
Area
 • Total906 sq mi (2,350 km2)
 • Land897 sq mi (2,320 km2)
 • Water9.0 sq mi (23 km2)  1.0%%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total115,541
 • Estimate 
(2019)
148,306
 • Density129/sq mi (50/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts3rd, 4th
Websitewww.canadiancounty.org

Canadian County is also part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

In 1859, the United States expelled the Caddo Nation of Louisiana from its Brazos reservation in Texas and relocated it to what would eventually become Canadian County, Oklahoma.[4][5] Showetat, the last hereditary chief of the Caddos set up his camp near the present Union City, and is considered Canadian County's first permanent resident.[6] The Wichita tribe were relocated to the same part of Indian Territory in 1861. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge gave the land west of the Caddos and Wichitas to the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, They moved from Colorado in 1869. The Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency (later renamed the Darlington Agency) was established in 1870.

Canadian County was formed in 1889 as County Four of Oklahoma Territory as part of the Oklahoma Organic Act, which created Oklahoma Territory from part of Indian Territory.[6] It was named after the Canadian River, which runs through the county, and settled by white settlers after the April 22, 1889, land run that expropriated Native American land.[6] It was expanded by a second land run in 1892 and finally, the opening of the Cheyenne and Arapaho lands in 1902.[6] El Reno was chosen as the county seat over competitors Reno City, Frisco, and Canadian City.

The county was where the last great battle between the Cheyenne, Arapaho and the United States Army took place.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 906 square miles (2,350 km2), of which 897 square miles (2,320 km2) is land and 9.0 square miles (23 km2) (1.0%) is water.[7] The county lies mostly within the Red Bed Plains, a subregion of the Osage Plains physiographic region, although its northwestern corner is in the Gypsum Hills. The county is drained by the North Canadian River and the Canadian River, which both flow through the county from northwest to southeast.[6] According to a study published by the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the North Canadian River drains about 40 percent of the county, the Canadian River drains about 32 percent and the Cimarron River drains about 27 percent (mostly in the northeastern part of the county. About 1 percent of the county is drained by Sugar Creek, which empties into the Washita River, itself a tributary of the Red River.[8]

The North Canadian River enters Canadian County near the northwest corner, flows generally southeast towards the middle of the county, then turns southward to leave the county about 8 miles (13 km) north of the southeastern corner. The river length is about 76 miles (122 km). The elevation drops from 1,420 feet (430 m) at the entry to about 1,200 feet (370 m) at the exit. Its named tributaries are Sixmile Creek, Fourmile Creek, Purcell Creek, Shell Creek and Mustang Creek.[9]

The Canadian River enters the western border of the county about 11 miles (18 km) north of the southwest corner at an elevation of 1,370 feet (420 m) and flows southeast about 16 miles (26 km), where it becomes the southern border of the county. Its course within the county is 45 miles (72 km) long, and the elevation where it leaves the county is 1,150 feet (350 m). Named tributaries include Dry Creek and Boggy Creek,[10]

The Cimarron River does not flow through the county, but drains part of the northeastern area via its tributaries: Kingfisher, Dead Indian, Uncle John, Cottonwood, Soldier and Deer Creeks. The Washita River flows more than 20 miles (32 km) south of the county, but drains about 5 square miles (13 km2) in the southwest corner of Canadian County.[11]

Adjacent counties

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18907,158—
190015,981123.3%
191023,50147.1%
192022,288−5.2%
193028,11526.1%
194027,329−2.8%
195025,644−6.2%
196024,727−3.6%
197032,24530.4%
198056,45275.1%
199074,40931.8%
200087,69717.9%
2010115,54131.8%
2019 (est.)148,306[12]28.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2019[1]
Age pyramid for Canadian County, Oklahoma, based on census 2000 data[17]

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 87,697 people, 31,484 households, and 24,431 families residing in the county. The population density was 98 people per square mile (38/km2). There were 33,969 housing units at an average density of 38 per square mile (15/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 87.01% White, 2.16% Black or African American, 4.27% Native American, 2.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.35% from other races, and 2.72% from two or more races. 3.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 31,484 households, out of which 39.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.30% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.40% were non-families. 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 9.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,439, and the median income for a family was $51,180. Males had a median income of $35,944 versus $24,631 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,691. About 5.80% of families and 7.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of January 15, 2019[18]
Party Number of Voters Percentage
Democratic 18,513 23.48%
Republican 47,989 60.86%
Others 12,352 15.66%
Total 78,854 100%
Presidential election results
Presidential election results[19]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 70.3% 43,550 27.0% 16,742 2.7% 1,648
2016 72.3% 39,986 21.1% 11,674 6.6% 3,618
2012 77.2% 35,625 22.8% 10,537
2008 76.1% 36,428 23.9% 11,426
2004 77.4% 33,297 22.6% 9,712
2000 72.3% 22,679 26.7% 8,367 1.0% 314
1996 59.4% 18,139 29.4% 8,977 11.2% 3,420
1992 50.7% 16,756 21.8% 7,215 27.5% 9,079
1988 70.0% 17,872 29.2% 7,453 0.8% 205
1984 79.5% 20,929 19.9% 5,245 0.6% 146
1980 72.6% 15,272 23.2% 4,889 4.2% 880
1976 56.3% 9,766 42.0% 7,288 1.6% 285
1972 78.3% 11,400 18.9% 2,751 2.8% 413
1968 49.1% 5,891 29.8% 3,577 21.1% 2,525
1964 47.5% 5,193 52.5% 5,747
1960 57.4% 5,697 42.6% 4,234
1956 59.4% 5,702 40.6% 3,896
1952 63.4% 7,289 36.6% 4,203
1948 40.1% 3,729 59.9% 5,568
1944 49.2% 4,674 50.6% 4,800 0.2% 18
1940 45.9% 4,699 53.8% 5,506 0.3% 32
1936 35.0% 3,325 64.5% 6,135 0.5% 48
1932 27.4% 2,549 72.6% 6,767
1928 63.6% 5,011 35.4% 2,786 1.0% 78
1924 41.5% 3,070 41.4% 3,065 17.1% 1,262
1920 52.1% 3,881 43.9% 3,268 4.0% 295
1916 37.3% 1,590 51.7% 2,200 11.0% 469
1912 42.5% 1,794 48.5% 2,047 9.0% 381

Government and infrastructure

The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution, El Reno in El Reno, Canadian County.[20]

Economy

Agriculture has been a mainstay of the economy since the beginning of non-Indigenous settlement in the late 1800s.

Transportation

Major highways

Airports

Communities

NRHP Sites
Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Canadian County, Oklahoma

The following sites in Canadian County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Oklahoma Historical Society. "Origin of County Names in Oklahoma" Archived August 14, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Chronicles of Oklahoma 2:1 (March 1924) 75-82 (retrieved August 18, 2006).
  4. Klos, George (April 1994). "'Our People Could Not Distinguish One Tribe from Another': The 1859 Expulsion of the Reserve Indians from Texas". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 97 (4): 615–16. JSTOR 30242464 – via JSTOR.
  5. Franks, Kenny Arthur (1997). Oklahoma: The Land and Its People. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780806199443.
  6. Thomas L. Hedglen, "Canadian County," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
  7. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  8. Mogg, et. al., p. 14.
  9. Mogg, et. al., pp. 15-16.
  10. Mogg, et. al., pp. 17-18.
  11. Mogg, et. al., p.18.
  12. "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2019". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  13. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  14. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  15. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  16. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  17. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  18. "Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). OK.gov. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  19. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  20. "FCI El Reno Contact Information." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on October 1, 2010.
  21. FAA Airport Form 5010 for RCE PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective December 17, 2009.
  22. FAA Airport Form 5010 for HSD PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective December 17, 2009.

Further reading
See also: List of books about Chisholm Trail

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