Demographics of Portugal

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Portugal, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
14221 1,043,274—    
15271 1,262,376+21.0%
16361 1,100,000−12.9%
1736 2,143,368+94.9%
1770 2,850,444+33.0%
1776 3,352,310+17.6%
1801 2,931,930−12.5%
1811 2,876,602−1.9%
1838 3,200,000+11.2%
1849 3,411,454+6.6%
1864 4,188,419+22.8%
1878 4,550,699+8.6%
1890 5,049,729+11.0%
1900 5,423,132+7.4%
1911 5,969,056+10.1%
1920 6,032,991+1.1%
1930 6,825,883+13.1%
1940 7,722,152+13.1%
1950 8,510,240+10.2%
1960 8,851,240+4.0%
1970 8,648,369−2.3%
1981 9,833,041+13.7%
1991 9,862,540+0.3%
2001 10,356,117+5.0%
2011 10,562,178+2.0%
2019* 10,295,909−2.5%
Source: INE 2011[1][2][3] *Estimate; 1Adult male population

As of July 2020, Portugal had 10,302,674 inhabitants.

Portugal is a fairly linguistically and religiously homogeneous country. Ethnically the Portuguese people form 95% of the total population in Portugal. The Portuguese people are mainly a combination of ancient paleolithic populations, and the proto-Celtic, Celtic and Iberian tribes, para-Celtic Lusitanians. Some other groups, like the Romans, Germanic (Visigoths, Suevi, Buri, Alans and Vandals) and later the Moorish (Berber), Sephardic Jewish, and the French also passed through the country.

Today, Ukrainians, Moldovans, Romanians, Russians, Bulgarians, Brazilians, Venezuelans and members of PALOP countries (Portuguese-speaking African countries) are the immigrants and form the major foreign communities in the country.[4] Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only the villages of Miranda do Douro's Mirandese language recognised as a locally co-official language.

Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[5]

Years18501851185218531854185518561857185818591860[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.54.474.444.414.384.354.334.34.274.244.21
Years1861186218631864186518661867186818691870[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.184.154.124.094.14.114.124.144.154.16
Years1871187218731874187518761877187818791880[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.174.184.194.24.214.224.234.244.234.22
Years1881188218831884188518861887188818891890[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.914.194.184.174.164.154.384.34.384.24
Years189118921893189418951896189718981899[5]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.164.064.153.863.93.93.953.933.89

Vital statistics since 1900
[6][7][8][9] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rates[fn 1][5][10][11][12]
1900 5,410,000 165,245 110,330 54,915 30.5 20.3 10.2 3.96
1901 5,460,000 170,773 114,130 56,643 31.3 20.9 10.4 4.07
1902 5,490,000 176,029 108,378 67,651 32.0 19.7 12.4 4.16
1903 5,560,000 183,138 111,685 71,453 33.0 20.1 12.8 4.29
1904 5,600,000 176,726 105,572 71,154 31.6 18.9 12.7 4.11
1905 5,660,000 179,746 112,756 66,990 31.8 20.0 11.8 4.13
1906 5,690,000 182,920 125,243 57,677 32.1 22.0 10.2 4.17
1907 5,730,000 176,417 113,254 63,163 30.7 19.7 11.0 3.99
1908 5,790,000 175,268 115,876 59,392 30.3 20.0 10.2 3.94
1909 5,850,000 174,753 112,421 62,332 29.9 19.2 10.8 3.89
1910 5,890,000 186,953 113,161 73,792 31.7 19.2 12.6 4.12
1911 5,960,000 230,033 130,900 99,133 38.6 22.0 16.6 5.02
1912 5,960,000 207,870 119,578 88,292 34.9 20.1 14.8 4.54
1913 5,970,000 193,906 123,054 70,852 32.5 20.6 11.9 4.22
1914 5,980,000 188,479 115,526 72,953 31.5 19.3 12.0 4.09
1915 5,990,000 195,225 122,513 72,712 32.6 20.5 12.0 4.24
1916 6,000,000 192,780 129,389 63,391 32.1 21.6 10.7 4.17
1917 6,000,000 188,391 134,082 54,309 31.4 22.3 9.0 4.08
1918 6,020,000 178,687 248,978 -70,291 29.7 41.4 -11.6 3.86
1919 6,020,000 166,162 152,856 13,306 27.6 25.4 2.2 3.59
1920 6,040,000 202,908 142,862 60,046 33.6 23.7 9.9 4.37
1921 6,070,000 197,022 126,316 70,706 32.4 20.8 11.7 4.21
1922 6,170,000 203,727 125,747 77,980 33.1 20.4 12.6 4.3
1923 6,240,000 207,172 141,775 65,397 33.2 22.7 10.4 4.32
1924 6,310,000 207,440 126,052 81,388 32.8 20.0 12.8 4.26
1925 6,370,000 208,434 117,413 91,021 32.6 18.4 14.3 4.24
1926 6,470,000 214,633 127,959 86,674 33.5 19.8 13.8 4.36
1927 6,550,000 199,399 123,382 76,017 31.0 18.8 12.2 4.03
1928 6,620,000 211,314 124,088 87,226 31.9 18.7 13.1 4.15
1929 6,720,000 200,874 118,824 82,050 29.9 17.7 12.2 3.89
1930 6,804,000 202,529 116,352 86,177 29.7 17.1 12.8 3.86
1931 6,860,000 204,120 115,225 88,895 29.7 16.8 13.0 3.86
1932 6,968,000 208,062 118,895 89,167 29.9 17.1 12.8 3.89
1933 7,057,000 204,315 120,996 83,319 28.9 17.2 11.8 3.88
1934 7,147,000 203,158 118,539 84,619 28.4 16.6 11.8 3.74
1935 7,237,000 203,943 123,051 80,892 28.2 17.0 11.2 3.59
1936 7,326,000 205,615 119,003 86,612 28.1 16.2 11.8 3.45
1937 7,416,000 198,217 117,291 80,926 26.7 15.8 10.9 3.39
1938 7,506,000 199,467 115,331 84,136 26.6 15.4 11.2 3.34
1939 7,595,000 198,888 116,075 82,813 26.2 15.3 10.9 3.28
1940 7,696,000 187,892 120,486 67,406 24.4 15.7 8.8 3.22
1941 7,750,000 184,336 134,937 49,399 23.8 17.4 6.4 3.12
1942 7,810,000 187,503 126,531 60,972 24.0 16.1 7.8 3.14
1943 7,890,000 198,101 121,887 76,214 25.1 15.3 9.7 3.27
1944 7,960,000 201,373 119,275 82,098 25.3 14.8 10.3 3.28
1945 8,040,000 209,131 115,596 93,535 26.0 14.2 11.6 3.39
1946 8,100,000 205,825 120,800 85,025 25.4 14.9 10.5 3.29
1947 8,180,000 200,488 110,437 90,051 24.5 13.5 11.0 3.14
1948 8,262,000 220,981 107,576 113,405 26.7 13.0 13.7 3.42
1949 8,333,000 212,260 117,499 94,761 25.5 14.1 11.4 3.23
1950 8,405,000 205,163 102,798 102,365 24.4 12.2 12.2 3.1
1951 8,459,000 207,870 105,473 102,397 24.6 12.5 12.1 3.1
1952 8,496,000 211,213 100,486 110,727 24.9 11.8 13.0 3.1
1953 8,534,000 202,135 97,460 104,675 23.7 11.4 12.3 3.1
1954 8,570,000 197,536 95,088 102,448 23.0 11.1 12.0 3.1
1955 8,610,000 209,790 99,472 110,318 24.4 11.6 12.8 3.1
1956 8,647,000 202,667 106,919 95,748 23.4 12.4 11.1 3.11
1957 8,680,000 211,494 101,784 109,710 24.4 11.7 12.6 3.12
1958 8,725,000 212,467 91,891 120,576 24.4 10.5 13.8 3.13
1959 8,826,000 213,062 97,754 115,308 24.3 11.1 13.1 3.15
1960 8,865,000 213,895 95,007 118,888 23.9 10.6 13.3 3.16
1961 8,929,000 217,516 99,590 117,926 24.3 11.1 13.2 3.18
1962 8,994,000 220,200 96,864 123,336 24.4 10.7 13.7 3.18
1963 9,031,000 212,152 98,011 114,141 23.4 10.8 12.6 3.19
1964 9,034,000 217,136 96,878 120,258 23.8 10.6 13.2 3.19
1965 8,999,000 210,299 95,187 115,112 23.0 10.4 12.6 3.18
1966 8,931,000 206,940 100,088 106,852 22.7 11.0 11.7 3.16
1967 8,875,000 202,061 95,816 106,245 22.2 10.5 11.7 3.13
1968 8,837,000 194,962 94,661 100,301 21.4 10.4 11.0 3.09
1969 8,758,000 189,739 101,088 88,651 20.9 11.1 9.7 3.05
1970 8,663,000 180,690 93,093 87,597 20.4 10.5 9.9 2.99
1971 8,624,000 181,243 98,688 82,555 21.0 11.4 9.6 2.94
1972 8,637,000 174,685 90,315 84,370 20.2 10.5 9.8 2.88
1973 8,630,000 172,324 95,435 76,889 20.0 11.1 8.9 2.83
1974 8,879,000 171,979 96,928 75,051 19.6 11.1 8.6 2.77
1975 9,308,000 179,648 97,936 81,712 19.8 10.8 9.0 2.71
1976 9,404,000 186,712 102,027 84,685 20.0 10.9 9.1 2.65
1977 9,508,000 181,064 96,111 84,953 19.2 10.2 9.0 2.57
1978 9,609,000 167,467 96,194 71,273 17.5 10.1 7.5 2.48
1979 9,714,000 160,311 92,732 67,579 16.6 9.6 7.0 2.39
1980 9,819,000 158,352 94,971 63,381 16.2 9.7 6.5 2.29
1981 9,884,000 152,102 95,892 56,210 15.4 9.7 5.7 2.18
1982 9,940,000 151,029 92,551 58,478 15.3 9.4 5.9 2.07
1983 9,976,000 144,327 96,367 47,960 14.6 9.7 4.9 1.97
1984 10,017,000 142,805 97,227 45,578 14.4 9.8 4.6 1.87
1985 10,031,000 130,492 97,339 33,153 13.2 9.8 3.3 1.78
1986 10,035,000 126,748 95,828 30,920 12.7 9.6 3.1 1.71
1987 10,025,000 123,218 95,423 27,795 12.3 9.5 2.8 1.65
1988 10,014,000 122,121 98,236 23,885 12.3 9.9 2.4 1.60
1989 9,996,000 118,560 96,220 22,340 11.9 9.7 2.2 1.53
1990 9,983,000 116,383 103,115 13,268 11.8 10.4 1.3 1.51
1991 9,950,000 116,415 104,361 12,054 11.7 10.5 1.2 1.43
1992 9,955,000 115,018 101,161 13,857 11.5 10.2 1.4 1.49
1993 9,974,000 114,030 106,384 7,646 11.4 10.7 0.8 1.54
1994 10,009,000 109,287 99,621 9,666 10.9 10.0 1.0 1.42
1995 10,044,000 107,184 103,939 3,245 10.7 10.4 0.3 1.37
1996 10,084,000 110,363 107,259 3,104 11.0 10.7 0.3 1.45
1997 10,134,000 113,047 105,157 7,890 11.2 10.4 0.8 1.48
1998 10,187,000 113,510 106,574 6,936 11.2 10.5 0.7 1.48
1999 10,249,000 116,038 108,268 7,770 11.4 10.7 0.8 1.49
2000 10,331,000 120,071 105,813 14,258 11.8 10.4 1.4 1.57
2001 10,395,000 112,825 105,582 7,243 11.0 10.3 0.7 1.45
2002 10,445,000 114,456 106,690 7,766 11.0 10.3 0.7 1.47
2003 10,473,000 112,589 109,148 3,441 10.8 10.5 0.3 1.44
2004 10,495,000 109,356 102,371 6,985 10.4 9.7 0.7 1.40
2005 10,512,000 109,457 107,839 1,618 10.4 10.2 0.2 1.40
2006 10,533,000 105,514 102,362 3,152 10.0 9.7 0.3 1.36
2007 10,553,000 102,567 103,888 -1,321 9.7 9.8 -0.1 1.33
2008 10,563,000 104,594 104,280 314 9.8 9.8 0.0 1.37
2009 10,573,000 99,491 104,434 -4,943 9.4 9.8 -0.4 1.32
2010 10,573,000 101,381 105,954 -4,573 9.5 10.0 -0.5 1.37
2011 10,542,000 97,000 102,500 -5,500 9.2 9.7 -0.5 1.30
2012 10,487,000 90,026 107,598 -17,572 8.5 10.2 -1.7 1.28
2013 10,427,000 82,787 106,543 -23,756 7.9 10.2 -2.3 1.21
2014 10,375,000 82,367 104,790 -22,423 7.9 10.1 -2.2 1.23
2015 10,341,000 85,500 108,511 -23,011 8.2 10.5 -2.3 1.30
2016 10,309,000 87,126 110,535 -23,409 8.5 10.7 -2.2 1.36
2017 10,291,000 86,154 109,758 -23,604 8.4 10.7 -2.3 1.37
2018 10,277,000 87,020 113,051 -26,031 8.5 11.0 -2.5 1.41
2019 10,296,000 86,579 111,793 -25,214 8.4 10.9 -2.5 1.42
2020 85,456 123,409 -37,953
Portugal population 1960–2017, Number of inhabitants in millions, (From UN estimates)

Natural increase current

Source:[13]

  • Number of births for January - October 2019 = 72,774
  • Number of births for January - October 2020 = 70,422
  • Number of deaths for January - October 2019 = 92,871
  • Number of deaths for January - October 2020 = 99,050
  • Natural growth for January - October 2019 = -20,097
  • Natural growth for January - October 2020 = -28,628

Other demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the World Population Review.[14]

  • One birth every 7 minutes
  • One death every 5 minutes
  • One net migrant every 160 minutes
  • Net loss of one person every 14 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[12]

Population
10,302,674 (July 2020 est.)
Population pyramid of Portugal in 2016
Age structure
0-14 years: 13.58% (male 716,102 /female 682,582)
15-24 years: 10.94% (male 580,074 /female 547,122)
25-54 years: 41.49% (male 2,109,693 /female 2,164,745)
55-64 years: 13.08% (male 615,925 /female 731,334)
65 years and over: 20.92% (male 860,198 /female 1,294,899) (2020 est.)
Median age
total: 44.6 years. Country comparison to the world: 13th
male: 42.7 years
female: 46.5 years (2020 est.)
Birth rate
8.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 221st
Death rate
11.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th
Total fertility rate
1.41 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 216th
Net migration rate
0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st
Population growth rate
+0.1 (2020 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.5 years (2020 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 60.3 1985–1990 74.0
1955–1960 62.4 1990–1995 74.9
1960–1965 64.5 1995–2000 76.0
1965–1970 66.4 2000–2005 77.6
1970–1975 68.3 2005–2010 79.3
1975–1980 70.4 2010–2015 80.5
1980–1985 72.5 2015-2019 82.0

Source: UN World Population Prospects[15]

Religions

Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim, other) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% note: represents population 15 years of age and older (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate
total: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 219th
male: 3.0 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Year Deaths/1,000 live births
20005.5
20015.0
20025.0
20034.1
20043.8
20053.5
20063.3
20073.4
20083.3
20093.6
20102.5
2011
20124.6
20174.3
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 55.8
youth dependency ratio: 20.3
elderly dependency ratio: 35.5
potential support ratio: 2.8 (2020 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 66.3% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 96.1%
male: 97.4%
female: 95.1% (2018 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years
male: 17 years
female: 17 years (2018)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 20.3%. Country comparison to the world: 66th
male: 19.8%
female: 20.9% (2018 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
24–54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
54–65 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.90 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Urban organization

Metropolitan areas and agglomerations

As of 2001 Census, Portugal had two significant agglomerations: Lisbon Metropolitan Region (3.34 million inhabitants) and Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region (or Porto Metropolitan Agglomeration) with 2.99 million people, the later with a polycentric nature.[16] These broader agglomerations are distinct from the political metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto – Grande Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (2,8 million) and Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto (1,8 million). Together they hold 43% of the total population.

Population density of Portugal, per km2:
  0–49
  50–99
  100–299
  300–599
  600+
ImageCityMetropolitan areaSubregionCore municipality
Lisbon 2,846,332[16] 2,042,326 507,220
Porto 1,758,531[16] 1,401,805 237,559

Largest urban areas

When considering the number of inhabitants in consistent single urban areas, de facto cities in mainland Portugal, per the new with increased density of human-created structures, and excluding suburban and rural areas, Portugal has two cities with about one million inhabitants each (Lisbon and Porto), ten others with more than 50,000 inhabitants and 14 cities with populations between 20,000 and 40,000 inhabitants.[16]

Note: the following table does not include cities in the Portuguese islands of Madeira and Azores in mid-Atlantic Ocean.

CityMetropolitan AreaAgglomeration
Cities with about 50,000 inh. (2001 Census)
Leiria
Amora Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Portimão
Faro
Évora
Cities with about 40,000 inh. (2001 Census)
Viana do Castelo
Covilhã
Castelo Branco
Santarém Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Alverca do Ribatejo Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Vila Nova de Famalicão Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region
Figueira da Foz
Guarda
Caldas da Rainha Lisbon Metropolitan Region
Olhão
Santo Tirso Greater Porto Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region
Vila Real
Póvoa de Santa Iria Greater Lisbon Lisbon Metropolitan Region

Largest cities

Portugal has 151 localities with city status (cidade). Every city is included into a municipality (município). This is a list of population by city, which means that it refers to the number of inhabitants in the city proper, excluding inhabitants from the same municipality but living outside the urban area of the city in other civil parishes (freguesias) of the municipality. In some cases, the entire municipality and the city proper cover the same territory.[17]

Rank City name Population Metropolitan area Subregion
1Lisbon547,631Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonGrande Lisboa
2Porto237,584Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
3Vila Nova de Gaia186,503Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
4Amadora175,135Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonGrande Lisboa
5Braga143,532Greater Metropolitan Area of MinhoCávado
6Funchal111,892Madeira
7Coimbra102,455Greater Metropolitan Area of CoimbraBaixo Mondego
8Setúbal90,640Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonPenínsula de Setúbal
9Almada89,533Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonPenínsula de Setúbal
10Agualva-Cacém79,805Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonGrande Lisboa
11Queluz75,179Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonGrande Lisboa
12Guimarães66,912Ave
13Viseu66,143Dão-Lafões
14Rio Tinto64,815Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
15Aveiro61,752Baixo Vouga
16Odivelas59,559Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonGrande Lisboa
17Matosinhos49,486Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
18Amora48,629Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonPenínsula de Setúbal
19Ponta Delgada46,102Açores
20Portimão45,431Algarve
21Faro44,099Algarve
22Leiria42,745Pinhal Litoral
23Póvoa de Varzim42,396Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
24Évora41,159Alentejo Central
25Barreiro40,859Greater Metropolitan Area of LisbonPenínsula de Setúbal
26Maia40,134Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
27Ermesinde38,798Greater Metropolitan Area of PortoGrande Porto
28Viana do Castelo38,045Alto Minho
29Covilhã36,226Cova da Beira
30Castelo Branco35,242Beira Interior Sul

Largest municipalities by population
The 20 most and the 20 least populated municipalities of Portugal. The metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Minho and Coimbra are visible.

Denotes the number of inhabitants in the municipality area; area is in km2; only for populations of over 100,000 inhabitants.

Rank Municipality Population Land Area Density Metropolitan area
1Lisbon547,63184.86,458Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
2Sintra377,837319.21,184Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
3Vila Nova de Gaia302,296170.81,770Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
4Porto237,58441.35,753Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
5Cascais206,42997.42,119Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
6Loures205,054169.31,211Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
7Braga181,474183.2991
9Matosinhos175,47862.22,821Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
9Amadora175,13523.87,359Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
10Almada174,03070.02,486Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
11Oeiras172,12045.73,766Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
12Gondomar168,027133.31,261Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
13Seixal158,26995.51,657Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
14Guimarães158,124241.3655
15Odivelas144,54926.45,475Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
16Coimbra143,396319.0450
17Santa Maria da Feira139,312215.1648Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
18Vila Franca de Xira136,886317.7431Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
19Maia135,30683.71,617Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
20Vila Nova de Famalicão133,832201.7664
21Leiria126,879564.7225
22Setúbal121,185171.9705Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
23Barcelos120,391378.9318
24Funchal111,89275.71,478

People
Main article: Portuguese people

Nationality
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese

Languages
Main article: Portuguese language

The main language is Portuguese. Mirandês (the Mirandese language), is also recognised, and has special protection in the area of Miranda do Douro.

Immigration
Main article: Immigration to Portugal
Foreign-born naturalised citizens in Portugal by 2001.

In 1992, 1.3% of the population was foreign, by 2007 the number had grown to 4.1% or 435,736 people.[18]

Since the independence of the former African colonies, Portugal saw a steady immigration from Africa, most notably Cape Verde, Angola and Guinea-Bissau, but also São Tomé and Príncipe, Mozambique and former Portuguese India in Asia.

Portugal saw migration waves due to labor shortages since 1999, first from Eastern Europe (1999–2002), in two distinctive groups, a Slav (Ukraine, Russia and Bulgaria) and an East Latin (Romania and Moldavia), that stopped and started declining as the labour market became saturated.

Since 2003, most of the immigrants came from Brazil, China and the Indian subcontinent. Family reunification was seen as important for a successful integration in the country, thus the government eased it, and in 2006, more than 6 in 10 new immigrants were family members of legal foreign residents in the country.[19]

There is also a significant number of elderly Western European residents in search of quality of life, namely from France, Germany, the Netherlands and United Kingdom.

Largest groups of foreign residents
Nationality Population (2019)[20]
 Brazil 151,304
 Cabo Verde 37,436
 United Kingdom 34,358
 Romania 31,065
 Ukraine 29,718
 China 27,839
 Italy 25,408
 France 23,125
 Angola 22,691
 Guinea-Bissau 18,886
 India 17,619
   Nepal 16,849
 Spain 15,848
 Germany 14,669
 Sao Tome and Principe 10,241
 Netherlands 10,038
 Bangladesh 7,964
 Bulgaria 6,839
 Venezuela 6,551
 Pakistan 5,310
Acquisition of Portuguese citizenship[21]
Previous citizenship Number in 2018
 Brazil 6,928
 Cape Verde 3,640
 Ukraine 1,752
 Guinea-Bissau 1,542
 Angola 1,438
 São Tomé and Príncipe 1,006
 India 855
 Romania 434
   Nepal 426
 Moldova 400

Ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities
See also: Immigration to Portugal and Racism in Portugal

Anti-racism laws prohibit and penalize racial discrimination in housing, business, and health services. In 2007 approximately 332,137 legal immigrants live in the country, representing approximately 5% of the population. The country also has a resident Romani (Gypsy) population of approximately 40,000 people.

Discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or the provision of other state services is illegal. The law mandates access to public buildings and to newly built private buildings for such persons.

Religion
Main article: Religion in Portugal

Religions in Portugal (Census 2011)[22]

  Catholicism (81.0%)
  Other Christian (3.3%)
  Other religion (0.6%)
  No religion (6.8%)
  No response (8.3%)

The great majority of the Portuguese population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. Religious observance remains strong in northern areas, with the population of Lisbon and southern areas generally less devout and strongly anticlerical. Religious minorities include a little over 300,000 Protestants and Mormons. There are also about 50,000 Muslims and 10,000 Hindus. Most of them came from Goa, a former Portuguese colony on the west coast of India (Some Muslims also came from former two Portuguese African colonies with important Muslim minorities: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique). There are also about 1,000 Jews. Portugal is also home to less than 10,000 Buddhists, mostly Chinese from Macau and a few Indians from Goa. Portugal is still one of the most religious countries in Europe, most Portuguese believe with certainty in the Existence of God and religion play a big importance in the life of most Portuguese.[23][24] According to the Pew Research Center, 40% of Portuguese Catholics pray daily.[25]

Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.62%
male: 99.55%
female: 99.63% (2015)[26]

See also

Notes
  1. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

References
  1. Nuno Valério (coord.), Estatísticas Históricas Portuguesas, Vol. I, pp. 33, 37 e 51. INE, 2001. (PDF: 4,18 MB)
  2. INE, CENSOS 2001 Resultados Definitivos, Informação à Comunicação Social, 21 October 2002.
  3. INE, Estimativas de População Residente, Portugal, NUTS II, NUTS III e Municípios – 2006, Informação à Comunicação Social, 3 August 2007.
  4. "Portugal Ethnic Groups | Study.com". Study.com. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  5. Max Roser (2014), "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation
  6. B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.
  7. "United Nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948" (PDF). Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  8. "Statistics Portugal". Ine.pt. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  9. "PORDATA – População residente: total e por sexo". Pordata.pt. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  10. "2011 WORLD POPULATION DATA SHEET" (PDF). Prb.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  11. "2012 – Negative birth rate decreases further – Portugal – Portuguese American Journal". Portuguese-american-journal.com. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  12. "World Factbook EUROPE : PORTUGAL", The World Factbook, 12 July 2018
  13. "Monthly Statistical Bulletin". Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Statistics Portugal. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  14. World Population Review: Portugal Population 2018, 14 June 2018
  15. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  16. Fernando Nunes da Silva (2005), Alta Velocidade em Portugal, Desenvolvimento Regional, CENSUR, IST Archived 24 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  17. UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente – Cidades, 2004 Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)
  18. População Estrangeira em Território Nacional (PDF) (in Portuguese), SEF, 2008, retrieved 12 September 2008
  19. Imigração: Novos imigrantes legais em Portugal aumentaram 50% em 2006 – OCDE Archived 10 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine – RTP.pt
  20. https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2019.pdf
  21. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/WDN-20190723-1
  22. "Census – Final results : Portugal – 2011". Statistics Portugal. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  23. Portugueses são mais cristãos e vão mais à igreja do que o resto da Europa ocidental
  24. Portugal é dos países onde mais pessoas garantem que Deus existe
  25. Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded Pew Research Center.
  26. "Portugal". Uis.unesco.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
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