Demographics of Kosovo

The Kosovo Agency of Statistics monitors various demographic features of the population of Kosovo[lower-alpha 1], such as population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Censuses, normally conducted at ten-year intervals, record the demographic characteristics of the population. According to the first census conducted after the 2008 declaration of independence in 2011, the permanent population of Kosovo had reached 1,810,366.[2]

Demographics of Kosovo
Population of Kosovo (in thousands) from 1921–2015
Population 1,812,473 (2021)
Growth rate 0.64% (2015 est.)[1]
Birth rate 17.09 per 1,000 pop.[1]
Death rate 7.0 per 1,000 pop.
Life expectancy 71.3 years[1]
  male 69.2 years
  female 73.6 years
Fertility rate 2.09 children born/woman (2015)[1]
Infant mortality rate 36.4 per 1,000 births[1]
Net migration rate-3.72 per 1,000 pop.
Age structure
0–14 years25.8%
15–64 years67.2%
65 and over7.0%
Sex ratio
Total1.08 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Kosovar/Kosovan(s) adjective: Kosovar
Major ethnicAlbanians (95%)
Minor ethnicBosniaks (2%), Serbs (1%) and others (4%)
Language
OfficialAlbanian
SpokenAlbanian (95%)
languages of the minorities (5%)

Albanians form the majority in Kosovo, with over 93% of the total population; significant minorities include Bosniaks (1,6%), Serbs (1,5%) and others. A 2015 estimate put Kosovo's population at 1,870,981.[3]

Kosovo has the youngest population in Europe. Half of its roughly 2-million-strong population is under the age of 25, according to a recent report of the UN Development Programme, UNDP. According to the government data, it is estimated that more than 65 percent of the population are younger than 30.[4] While Kosovo's birth rate remains the highest in Europe, the only municipalities with population growth are Albanian minority enclaves in the south next to Kosovo.[5]

History

2011 census

The final results of the 2011 census recorded Kosovo (excluding North Kosovo) as having 1,739,825 inhabitants.[6] The European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) has called "for caution when referring to the 2011 census", due to the boycott by Serb-majority municipalities in North Kosovo and the partial boycott by Serbs and Roma in southern Kosovo.[7] The recorded total population was below most previous estimates. The census enjoyed considerable technical assistance from international agencies and appears to have been endorsed by Eurostat; it was, however, the first full census since 1981, and not one of an uninterrupted series. The results show that there were no people temporarily resident in hotels or refugee camps at the time of the census;[8] that out of 312,711 conventional dwellings, 99,808 (over 30%) were unoccupied;[8] and that three municipalities designed under the Ahtisaari Plan to have Serb majorities - Klokot, Novo Brdo, and Štrpce - in fact had ethnic Albanian majorities (although their municipal assemblies have Serb majorities).[8]

Population

The 2000 Living Standard Measurement Survey, conducted by the Kosovo Agency of Statistics and rejected by Belgrade,[9] estimated the population between 1.8 and 2.0 million.[10]

Kosovo currently has the youngest population in Europe, with an estimated fertility rate of 2.4 children per woman.[11] In recent years, however, Kosovo's population growth rate has begun to slow and its birth rate has decreased.[12][13]

Vital statistics[14][15][16]

In 2009, 34,477 births were registered, 34,240 of whom were born alive, while 237 were born dead.[17] The vitality ratio was 9. Ratio of dead births (fetal deaths) in 1000 births was 6.9. The age group of mothers was as following: 25–29 years age group with 35.1%, 20–24 years old age groups with 26.4%, age group 30–34 years with 23.3%, and other age group compose 15.2% of the total number of births. The average age of women who have children born in 2009, is 27.7 years. Under the weight of children born in health institutions, the majority of infants with weight is 3000-3499 grams or 31.4% from 3500 to 3999 gr. 23.7%, from 2500 to 2999 gr. 12.7%, etc. Live babies born weighing less than 1000 gr. constitute only 0.3%.[18] Under education, mothers with primary school dominate the top with 44.9% of secondary but not tertiary and university with 7.2%, etc.

Frequent names in 2009 for girls were Erza (114 times) and Suela (108 times) while for boys was the names Leon (159 times) and Leart (124 times).[19][20]

Population estimates in the table below may be unreliable since the 1990s. Besides, births and deaths exclude territories with a Serbian majority. Since 2011, in accordance with European statistical norms, live births and deaths record figures in Kosovo only (excluding foreign countries).[21]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1950 764,000 35,222 12,991 22,231 46.1 17.0 29.1 7.70 164,096
1951 780,000 29,299 14,833 14,466 37.6 19.0 18.5 6.17 169,877
1952 793,000 35,619 13,867 21,752 44.9 17.5 27.4 7.23 175,660
1953 813,000 34,595 16,726 17,869 42.6 20.6 22.0 6.62 181,445
1954 832,000 38,595 13,201 25,394 46.4 15.9 30.5 7.16 185,718
1955 842,000 36,736 15,292 21,444 43.6 18.2 25.5 6.62 189,992
1956 859,000 37,819 13,692 24,127 44.0 15.9 28.1 6.56 194,265
1957 873,000 34,159 15,300 18,859 39.1 17.5 21.6 5.84 192,596
1958 890,000 39,285 11,598 27,687 44.1 13.0 31.1 6.62 195,341
1959 921,000 37,364 12,878 24,486 40.6 14.0 26.6 6.14 199,359
1960 944,000 41,631 13,365 28,266 44.1 14.2 29.9 6.64 203,954
1961 967,353 40,561 11,759 28,802 41.9 12.2 29.8 6.26 208,550
1962 994,676 41,336 15,024 26,312 41.6 15.1 26.5 6.23 212,149
1963 1,022,218 41,525 12,423 29,102 40.6 12.2 28.5 6.13 217,556
1964 1,051,498 42,557 12,731 29,826 40.5 12.1 28.4 6.14 224,326
1965 1,082,170 43,569 11,767 31,802 40.3 10.9 29.4 5.97 233,584
1966 1,118,003 42,429 10,266 32,163 38.0 9.2 28.8 5.66 240,125
1967 1,150,622 44,001 11,308 32,693 38.2 9.8 28.4 5.71 248,992
1968 1,182,952 44,627 10,781 33,846 37.7 9.1 28.6 5.64 257,056
1969 1,189,140 46,480 10,892 35,588 39.1 9.2 29.9 5.69 267,271
1970 1,219,996 44,496 10,829 33,667 36.5 8.9 27.6 5.40 268,960
1971 1,253,975 47,060 10,312 36,748 37.5 8.2 29.3 5.74 270,050
1972 1,290,965 47,943 10,270 37,673 37.1 8.0 29.2 5.57 283,885
1973 1,327,853 47,714 10,358 37,356 35.9 7.8 28.1 5.35 293,340
1974 1,365,879 49,847 10,075 39,772 36.5 7.4 29.1 5.40 303,396
1975 1,404,977 49,310 10,018 39,292 35.1 7.1 28.0 5.19 313,611
1976 1,446,001 51,355 10,149 41,206 35.5 7.0 28.5 5.24 324,297
1977 1,486,816 49,849 9,811 40,038 33.5 6.6 26.9 4.92 334,581
1978 1,525,960 49,027 9,776 39,251 32.1 6.4 25.7 4.66 344,970
1979 1,565,995 48,125 9,575 38,550 30.7 6.1 24.6 4.51 349,520
1980 1,552,779 53,147 8,909 44,238 34.2 5.7 28.5 4.82 354,068
1981 1,594,451 48,111 9,677 38,434 30.2 6.1 24.1 4.55 351,396
1982 1,634,893 52,865 10,479 42,386 32.3 6.4 25.9 4.71 361,232
1983 1,676,325 49,645 11,040 38,605 29.6 6.6 23.0 4.29 372,615
1984 1,716,884 55,243 10,573 44,670 32.2 6.2 26.0 4.58 391,155
1985 1,760,132 53,925 11,826 42,099 30.6 6.7 23.9 4.30 403,640
1986 1,803,579 54,519 10,446 44,073 30.2 5.8 24.4 4.18 415,407
1987 1,848,111 56,221 10,307 45,914 30.4 5.6 24.8 4.12 429,439
1988 1,894,131 56,283 10,257 46,026 29.7 5.4 24.3 3.96 441,867
1989 1,938,794 53,656 10,181 43,475 27.7 5.3 22.4 3.63 454,260
1990 1,987,056 55,175 8,214 46,961 27.8 4.1 23.6 3.59 472,145
1991 1,967,675 52,263 8,526 43,737 26.6 4.3 22.2 3.52 454,214
1992 2,007,978 44,418 8,004 36,414 22.1 4.0 18.1 2.83 478,108
1993 2,043,740 44,132 7,804 36,328 21.6 3.8 17.8 2.71 492,412
1994 2,079,234 43,450 7,667 35,783 20.9 3.7 17.2 2.57 506,408
1995 2,115,020 44,776 8,671 36,105 21.2 4.1 17.1 2.55 521,049
1996 2,152,545 46,041 8,392 37,649 21.4 3.9 17.5 2.56 535,873
1997 2,188,083 42,920 8,624 34,296 19.6 3.9 15.7 2.33 549,826
1998 2,127,795 41,752 8,123 33,629 19.6 3.8 15.8 2.34 543,799
1999 2,067,507 40,020 7,569 32,451 19.4 3.7 15.7 2.28 537,773
2000 2,007,219 38,687 7,115 31,572 19.3 3.5 15.7 2.31 531,747
2001 1,946,932 37,412 6,672 30,740 19.2 3.4 15.8 2.26 525,719
2002 1,886,644 36,136 5,654 30,482 19.2 3.0 16.2 2.22 519,692
2003 1,826,356 31,994 6,417 25,577 17.5 3.5 14.0 2.00 513,664
2004 1,766,068 35,063 6,399 28,664 19.9 3.6 16.2 2.21 507,639
2005 1,743,780 37,218 7,207 30,011 21.3 4.1 17.2 2.38 501,613
2006[22] 1,719,536 34,187 7,479 26,708 19.9 4.3 15.5 2.24 495,586
2007 1,733,404 33,112 6,681 26,431 19.1 3.9 15.2 2.21 489,559
2008 1,747,383 34,399 6,852 27,547 19.7 3.9 15.8 2.32 483,531
2009 1,761,474 34,240 7,030 27,210 19.4 4.0 15.4 2.36 477,507
2010 1,775,680 33,751 7,234 26,517 19.0 4.1 14.9 2.38 471,479
2011 1,786,229 27,626 7,111 20,515 15.5 4.0 11.5 1.99 465,452
2012 1,807,126 27,743 7,317 20,426 15.4 4.0 11.3 1.95 475,454
2013 1,818,119 29,327 7,135 22,192 16.1 3.9 12.2 2.02 486,248
2014 1,812,788 25,929 7,634 18,295 14.3 4.2 10.1 1.81 483,078
2015 1,788,274 24,594 8,202 16,392 13.8 4.6 9.2 1.74 479,210
2016 1,777,568 23,416 8,495 14,921 13.2 4.8 8.4 1.66 478,783
2017 1,791,019 23,402 8,721 14,681 13.1 4.9 8.2 1.65 485,648
2018[23] 1,797,086 22,761 8,998 13,763 12.7 5.0 7.7 1.60 486,169
2019[24][25][26] 1,788,891 21,798 9,430 12,368 12.2 5.3 6.9 1.55 482,351
2020p*[27] 18,186 11,108 7,078
Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Female fertile population (15–49 years)
Total 1950-2018 2,851,694 685,509 2,166,185 1866.7 448.7 1418.0
Average 1950-2018 1,527,644 41,329 9,935 31,394 27.1 6.5 20.6 3.60 372,118

(*Preliminary data for 2020 are incomplete.)

Current vital statistics[28]

Births

  • from January - December 2019 = 22,042
  • from January - December 2020 = 18,186
  • Difference between number of births in 2019 and 2020 (January - December) = -3,856 (-17.49%)

Deaths

  • from January - December 2019 = 9,552
  • from January - December 2020 = 11,108
  • Difference between number of deaths in 2019 and 2020 (January - December) = +1,556 (+16.29%)

Natural increase

  • from January - December 2019 = +12,490
  • from January - December 2020 = +7,078
  • Difference between natural increase in 2019 and 2020 (January - December) = -5,412
 (During the months from April to September 2020 the registration of births and deaths was affected by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.)

Marriages and divorces

In 2009, 20,209 marriages were registered. The average age of couples was 29.5 years. (men–31 and women–28). Prizren ranked first with 1,720 marriages or 8.5%, followed by Pristina with 1,643 or 8.1%, Podujeva with 1,302 or 6.4%, etc. According to the education, to male dominates the secondary education by 75.3%, and dominates the secondary education with 64.5%.[29]

Vital statistics, marriages and divorces by decade

Births and fertility rates

Administrative divisions

Kosovo is administratively subdivided into seven districts, and 38 municipalities. With the current estimation on population, Kosovo ranks as the 150th largest country in the world based on how populous it is.[30]

Rank English name
(most common)
Albanian name Serbian name Population (2011)[b] Area (km2) Density (km2) Settlements
1PristinaPrishtinëPriština198,897572347.741
7PodujevoBesianëPodujevo88,499663133.576
11GlogovacDrenasGlogovac58,531290201.837
12LipljanLipjanLipljan57,605422136.570
21Kosovo PoljeFushë KosovëKosovo Polje34,82783419.615
26ObilićObiliq/KastriotObilić21,549105205.219
30GracanicaGraçanicëGračanica10,67513181.516
33Novo BrdoArtanaNovo Brdo6,7292043324
Pristina District 477,312 2,470 193.2 298
2PrizrenPrizrenPrizren177,78162628474
10TherandaTherandëSuva Reka59,722306178.542
14MališevoMalishevëMališevo54,613361165.443
22DragašDragashDragaš33,99743578.235
35MamušaMamushëMamuša5,50711500.6
Prizren District 331,670 1,397 237.4 195
23KaçanikKaçanikKačanik33,454221151.431
25ShtimeShtimeŠtimlje27,324134203.923
31Elez HanHani i ElezitĐeneral Janković9,38983113.111
32ŠtrpceShtërpcëŠtrpce6,94924728.116
Ferizaj District 185,806 1,030 180.4 126
3FerizajFerizajUroševac108,69034531545
Pejë District 174,235 1,365 127.6 118
19KlinaKlinëKlina38,49630812554
4PećPejëPeć96,45060316014
17IstogIstogIstok39,28945486.550
5GjakovaGjakovaĐakovica94,557587161.191
13RahovecRahovecOrahovac55,053276199.532
18DeçanDeçanDečani38,984180216.637
34JunikJunikJunik6,0788670.710
Gjakova District 194,672 1,129 172.4 170
8MitrovicaMitrovicëMitrovica71,909350205.545
9VučitrnVushtrriVučitrn69,870344203.167
15SkenderajSkënderajSrbica50,858378134.549
24North MitrovicaMitrovica VerioreSeverna Mitrovica29,460112,678.2
27LeposavićAlbanikLeposavić18,60053934.542
28ZvečanZveçanZvečan16,650122136.535
29Zubin PotokZubin PotokuZubin Potok14,90033344.729
Mitrovica District 272,247 2,077 131.1 267
6GjilanGjilanGnjilane90,015385233.854
16VitinaVitiVitina46,959278168.939
20KamenicaDardana, DardanëKamenica35,60042384.258
36RanilugRanillugRanilug3,8667849.618
37KlokotKllokotKlokot2,55624106.54
38PartešParteshParteš1,7871899.33
Gjilan District 180,783 1,206 149.9 287
Kosovo
1,816,675 10,908 170 1,339

Ethnic groups

The official results of the censuses in Kosovo after World War II are tabulated below. The figures for Albanians in the 1991 census were estimates only, since that census was boycotted by most Albanians. Similarly, the figures for Serbs in the 2011 census omit those in North Kosovska Mitrovica, Leposavić, Zubin Potok, and Zvečan (North Kosovo), while the number of Serbs and Romani in the rest of Kosovo is also deemed unreliable, due to the partial boycott.[7]

Ethnic
group
1948 census 1953 census 1961 census 1971 census 1981 census 1991 census 2011 census
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Albanians 498,244 68.5 524,559 64.9 646,605 67.1 916,168 73.7 1,226,736 77.4 1,596,072 81.6 1,616,869 92.9
Serbs 171,911 23.6 189,869 23.5 227,016 23.5 228,264 18.4 209,498 13.2 194,190 9.9 25,532 1.5
Montenegrins 28,050 3.9 31,343 3.9 37,588 3.9 31,555 2.5 27,028 1.7 20,365 1.1
ethnic Muslims 9,679 1.3 6,241 0.8 8,026 0.8 26,357 2.1 58,562 3.7 66,189 3.4
Bosniaks 27,533 1.6
Gorani 10,265 0.6
Croats 5,290 0.7 6,201 0.8 7,251 0.8 8,264 0.7 8,718 0.6 8,062 0.4
Yugoslavs 5,206 0.5 920 0.1 2,676 0.2 3,457 0.2
Romani 11,230 1.5 11,904 1.5 3,202 0.3 14.593 1.2 34,126 2.2 45,760 2.3 8,824 0,5
Ashkali 15,436 0.9
Egyptians 11,524 0.6
Turks 1,315 0.2 34,583 4.3 25,764 2.7 12,244 1.0 12,513 0.8 10,445 0.5 18,738 1.1
Macedonians 526 0.1 972 0.1 1,142 0.1 1,048 0.1 1,056 0.1
Others or unspecified 1,577 0.2 2,469 0.3 2,188 0.2 4,280 0.3 3,454 0.2 11,656 0.6 3,264 0.6
Total 727,820 808,141 963,988 1,243,693 1,584,441 1,956,196 1,739,825

Ethnic groups by municipality

The results of the 2011 census of ethnic groups in municipalities are tabulated below.[31]

Ethnic composition of Kosovo in 2005 according to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The 2000 Living Standard Measurement Survey by Statistical Office of Kosovo found an ethnic composition of the population as follows:

A most comprehensive (October 2002) estimate (for the 1.9 million inhabitants) for these years:

During the Kosovo War in 1999, over 700,000 ethnic Albanians,[32] around 100,000 ethnic Serbs and more than 40,000 Bosniaks were forced out of Kosovo to neighbouring Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Serbia. After the United Nations took over administration of Kosovo following the war, the vast majority of the Albanian refugees returned. The largest diaspora communities of Kosovo Albanians are in Germany and Switzerland accounting for some 200,000 individuals each, or for 20% of the population resident in Kosovo.

Many non-Albanians – chiefly Serbs and Romani – fled or were expelled, mostly to the rest of Serbia at the end of the war, with further refugee outflows occurring as the result of sporadic ethnic violence. As of 2002, the number of registered refugees was around 250,000.[33][34][35] The non-Albanian population in Kosovo is now about half of its pre-war total. The largest concentration of Serbs in the province is in the north, but many remain in Kosovo Serb enclaves surrounded by Albanian-populated areas.

Languages

Linguistic structure according to the 2011 census

As defined by the Constitution of Kosovo, Albanian and Serbian are official languages in Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, almost 95% of the citizens speak Albanian as their native language, followed by South Slavic languages and Turkish. Due to North Kosovo's boycott of the census, Bosnian resulted in being the second-largest language after Albanian. However, Serbian is de facto the second most spoken language in Kosovo.

LanguageNative speakers[36]%
Albanian1,644,86594.5
Bosnian28,9891.7
Serbian27,9831.6
Turkish19,5681.1
Romani5,8600.3
Other/Not specified12,5600.7

Health

Harvard Medical School and NATO published a study on the impact of the conflict on Kosovo health system in 2014.[37] The data in the table below are from the Kosovo Agency of Statistics.

Migration

According to a 2015 report by Geoba.se, Kosovo's current net migration rate is at –3.72, ranking Kosovo 197th,[38] due to the ongoing political and economic crisis.

Religion

The country has no official religion. The constitution establishes Kosovo as a secular state that is neutral in matters of religious beliefs and where everyone is equal before the law and freedom to belief, conscience and religion is guaranteed.[39][40]

The 2011 Kosovo population census was largely boycotted by the Kosovo Serbs (who predominantly identify as Serbian Orthodox Christians), especially in North Kosovo,[41] leaving the Serb population underrepresented.[42] The results of the 2011 census gave the following religious affiliations for the population included in the census:[43]

Religious map of Kosovo in 2011 by settlements. The Serb-dominated gray area in the north (North Kosovo) is presumably majority Orthodox.
2011 Kosovo religion census
(boycotted by most Serbs)
ReligionPopulation%
Islam1,663,41295.6%
Christianity 64,275
38,438
25,837
3.7%
2.2%
1.5%
Other (specify)1,1880.1%
No religion1,2420.1%
Not stated
  • Prefer not to answer
  • Missing
9,708
7,213
2,495
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
Total1,739,825100%

These figures do not represent individual sects operating in Kosovo such as Sufism or Bektashism which are sometimes classified generally under the category of "Islam."[44]

The Serb population is largely Serbian Orthodox. The Catholic Albanian communities are mostly concentrated in Gjakova, Prizren, Klina and a few villages near Peć and Vitina (see laramans). Slavic-speaking Catholics usually call themselves Janjevci or Kosovan Croats. Slavic-speaking Muslims in the south of Kosovo are known as the Gorani people.

Internally displaced persons

According to the CIA, as of 2013, there were 17,300 internally displaced persons, most of whom are Serbs displaced during the Kosovo War.[45]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

b.   ^ Due to the boycott of the 2011 census by most municipalities in the Serb-inhabited north (see North Kosovo), the real number of the population of Leposavić, North Mitrovica, Zubin Potok and Zvečan is unknown. Estimates are taken according to a 2014 OSCE report.[46][47][48][49]

Annotations

  1. Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognized as an independent state by 98 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 113 UN member states recognized Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition.

References

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Sources

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