Jefferson County, Washington

Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, the population was 29,872.[1] The county seat and only incorporated city is Port Townsend.[2] The county is named for Thomas Jefferson.[3]

Jefferson County
U.S. county
Jefferson County Courthouse in Port Townsend
Location within the U.S. state of Washington
Washington's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 47°50′N 123°35′W
Country United States
State Washington
FoundedDecember 22, 1852
Named forThomas Jefferson
SeatPort Townsend
Largest cityPort Townsend
Area
 • Total2,183 sq mi (5,650 km2)
 • Land1,804 sq mi (4,670 km2)
 • Water379 sq mi (980 km2)  17%%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total29,872
 • Estimate 
(2019)
32,221
 • Density17/sq mi (7/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district6th
Websitewww.co.jefferson.wa.us

Jefferson County was formed out of Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the legislature of Oregon Territory,[4] and included the northern 4,854 square miles (12,571.8 km2) portion of the Olympic Peninsula. On April 26, 1854, the legislature of Washington Territory created Clallam County from the northwestern 2,670 square miles (6,915.3 km2) portion of this original area.

The Hood Canal Bridge connects Jefferson County to Kitsap County, Washington. The Coupeville-Port Townsend route of the Washington State Ferries connects the county to Whidbey Island in Island County, Washington.

Geography
Ruby Beach, Kalaloch Area

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,183 square miles (5,650 km2), of which 1,804 square miles (4,670 km2) is land and 379 square miles (980 km2) (17%) is water.[5]

The county is split in three parts by its landforms:

Because of the mountainous barrier, there is no road lying entirely within Jefferson County that connects the eastern and western parts. The most direct land route between the two ends of the county involves a drive of approximately 100 miles (160 km) along U.S. Route 101 through neighbouring Clallam County. The mountains also block the damp Chinook winds, which make the climate much wetter in the west than the so-called eastern "banana belt" in the rain shadow.

Geographic features
Hoh River in the Olympic National Park

Major highways

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1860531—
18701,268138.8%
18801,71235.0%
18908,368388.8%
19005,712−31.7%
19108,33746.0%
19206,557−21.4%
19308,34627.3%
19408,9186.9%
195011,61830.3%
19609,639−17.0%
197010,66110.6%
198015,96549.8%
199020,14626.2%
200025,95328.8%
201029,87215.1%
2019 (est.)32,221[6]7.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790–1960[8] 1900–1990[9]
1990–2000[10] 2010–2019[1]

2000 census

As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 25,953 people, 11,645 households, and 7,580 families living in the county. The population density was 14 people per square mile (6/km2). There were 14,144 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile (3/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.17% White, 0.42% Black or African American, 2.31% Native American, 1.19% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 0.76% from other races, and 3.02% from two or more races. 2.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 17.4% were of German, 14.8% English, 9.9% Irish and 7.5% Norwegian ancestry. 97.1% spoke English and 1.0% Spanish as their first language.

There were 11,645 households, out of which 23.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.60% were married couples living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.90% were non-families. 28.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 19.80% under the age of 18, 5.00% from 18 to 24, 21.60% from 25 to 44, 32.50% from 45 to 64, and 21.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females there were 95.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,869, and the median income for a family was $45,415. Males had a median income of $37,210 versus $25,831 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,211. About 7.20% of families and 11.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.60% of those under age 18 and 6.00% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 29,872 people, 14,049 households, and 8,394 families living in the county.[12] The population density was 16.6 inhabitants per square mile (6.4/km2). There were 17,767 housing units at an average density of 9.9 per square mile (3.8/km2).[13] The racial makeup of the county was 91.0% white, 2.3% American Indian, 1.6% Asian, 0.8% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 0.7% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.8% of the population.[12] In terms of ancestry, 20.8% were English, 20.3% were German, 13.9% were Irish, 8.3% were Norwegian, 5.9% were Scottish, and 4.2% were American.[14]

Of the 14,049 households, 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 40.3% were non-families, and 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.57. The median age was 53.9 years.[12]

The median income for a household in the county was $46,048 and the median income for a family was $59,964. Males had a median income of $45,616 versus $29,508 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,528. About 8.9% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.[15]

Politics
Port Townsend Bay as seen from a ferry
US Route 101 in Jefferson County

Jefferson County is a staunchly Democratic area, with Democrats having carried the county in every election cycle since Ronald Reagan's landslide victory in 1980. In 2016, Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton won the county 60.62% to Donald Trump's 28.91%.[16] As of 2020 it is located in Washington's 6th congressional district and in the 24th of Washington state legislative districts.

The communities in the eastern and western halves of Jefferson County tend to not mingle much, because of the barrier dividing the county. The communities also differ in amount and sources of family income, and population size and density, with the west being more dependent on logging, somewhat less prosperous, and having fewer people for roughly the same area. Areas of East Jefferson County located south of Port Townsend remain largely rural and can be divided into two parts, those communities located on the Hood Canal and those on the Admiralty Inlet. Perennial discussions and attempts to separate the west half from the east half gained little support during the twentieth century.

County seat Port Townsend casts a significant number of votes and gave Obama 82% of its votes in the 2012 General Election (source: www.wa.gov). Areas outside of Port Townsend (such as Cape George) gave Obama 2-to-1 victory margins. Democrats also do well in many of the small towns of northern Jefferson County, with strong Democratic leans in Coyle, Discovery Bay, Gardiner, and Nordland, as well as in the towns just southeast of Port Townsend (Chimacum, Irondale, Kala Point, and Port Hadlock). Democrats also perform strongly in the sparsely populated western part of the county, where much of the population is Native American.

Republicans tend to win victories in several parts of the county, particularly the rural areas in the southeast part of the county including Center, Crocker Lake, Brinnon, and Quilcene. Although it has trended Democratic in recent years, Port Ludlow — an affluent area that casts a notable number of votes — still has a Republican lean.

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[17]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 28.0% 6,931 69.4% 17,204 2.6% 657
2016 28.9% 6,037 60.6% 12,656 10.5% 2,186
2012 32.1% 6,405 63.8% 12,739 4.1% 817
2008 31.5% 6,330 65.9% 13,252 2.7% 541
2004 35.7% 6,650 62.3% 11,610 2.1% 390
2000 38.5% 6,095 52.3% 8,281 9.2% 1,457
1996 32.6% 4,607 50.6% 7,145 16.8% 2,367
1992 26.8% 3,467 47.5% 6,148 25.7% 3,327
1988 43.4% 4,184 54.7% 5,270 1.9% 182
1984 48.7% 4,543 49.3% 4,602 2.0% 189
1980 44.6% 3,645 40.1% 3,279 15.3% 1,246
1976 45.9% 2,794 47.8% 2,913 6.3% 385
1972 53.5% 2,770 40.5% 2,096 6.0% 313
1968 40.6% 1,827 50.0% 2,251 9.5% 427
1964 32.1% 1,432 67.6% 3,012 0.3% 12
1960 48.8% 2,103 51.0% 2,197 0.2% 7
1956 56.7% 2,300 43.1% 1,750 0.2% 7
1952 54.7% 2,355 44.9% 1,933 0.4% 17
1948 43.8% 1,610 52.0% 1,911 4.2% 155
1944 43.4% 1,415 56.1% 1,829 0.6% 18
1940 42.1% 1,540 57.0% 2,083 0.9% 32
1936 31.0% 1,063 66.5% 2,279 2.4% 83
1932 29.1% 952 61.0% 1,994 9.8% 321
1928 63.8% 1,472 35.1% 810 1.0% 24
1924 51.8% 913 8.1% 143 40.1% 707
1920 61.6% 1,128 17.6% 322 20.9% 382
1916 51.8% 1,094 40.8% 861 7.4% 157
1912 27.3% 636 27.6% 642 45.1% 1,048
1908 63.2% 859 30.7% 417 6.2% 84
1904 73.6% 962 21.7% 283 4.7% 62
1900 61.7% 684 35.4% 392 2.9% 32
1896 56.3% 704 42.9% 536 0.8% 10
1892 43.9% 610 47.8% 665 8.3% 116

Economy

The largest private employer in Jefferson County is the Port Townsend Paper Mill.[18] The largest employer overall (private and public) is Jefferson Healthcare, which operates Jefferson Healthcare Hospital.[19]

Communities
Port Townsend and Admiralty Inlet

City

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 168.
  4. Reinartz, Kay. "History of King County Government 1853–2002" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  6. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  7. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  8. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  9. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  10. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  11. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  12. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  13. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  14. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  15. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
  16. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  17. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  18. McClary, Daryl C. "Jefferson County – Thumbnail History". History Ink. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  19. Bermant, Charlie (September 14, 2010). "Hospital's new CEO highest paid public official in Jefferson County". The Peninsula Daily News. Retrieved 7 July 2012.

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